Presentation LNCA Structures

Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
Research and Innovation

in the Design of Composite
Aerostructures @ ITA
Prof. Mariano Andrés Arbelo
Department of Aeronautics
1
OUTLINE
 Introduction & Motivation

 The LNCA @ ITA
 Research Group in Composite Materials @ ITA/LNCA
 Research Topics in Composite Materials @ ITA/LNCA
 Acknowledgements
2
INTRODUCTION & MOTIVATION

Aviation is responsible for 12% of CO2 emissions from all
transports sources
Source: Air Transportation Action Group (ATAG)
Industry commitment in reducing carbon emission

is a challenge.
3
LIGHTER MATERIALS =
COMPOSITE MATERIALS!!!
Need of more efficient engines, lighter materials

and enhanced aerodynamics!
4

Why COMPOSITES?
(km)
300
S-glass
Kevlar 49
Graphite
250 Boron
Beryllium
High modulus graphite
S/ (specific strength)
Bulk metal
200
quasi-isotropic
unidirectional lamina
fiber
150
100
50
Ti
Beryllium
Al
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
E/ (specific stiffness) (Mm)
5
MISSION
Flight Physics • Opportunity for redefining engineering ;
Modeling and • Identification of research opportunities and needs of the productive sector;
Simulation • Fund-raising, fostering options;
• Investment in creation, innovation and entrepreneurship within the academic
environment;
Integrated Flight Dyn.
Aeroservoelasticity
Aeroacustics
Noise Emission
Conceptual
MDO Design
Lightweight
Structures Special /
Composite Materials
Industry Regional Benefits

(Aerospace & Defense)
Integrated Aircraft
Propulsion Systems Academic Formation
R&D Orientation
6
Projects recently approved by FINEP INOVA AERODEFESA –

AIRCRAFT GREEN PLATFORM
Funded by:
Composite Flight Physics Aeroacoustics

Aerostructures Coordinator: Prof. André
Coordinator: Prof. Mauricio V. Coordinator: Prof. Flavio J.
Silvestre-ITA/IEA Cavalieri-ITA/IEA
Donadon-ITA/IEA
7
APPLICATION OF COMPOSITES IN HIGHLY ELONGATED WINGS
Full structure
Component level
UNDER DEVELOPMENT @ ITA
Sub-component level
Coupon level
Tests Simulation
8
RESEARCH GROUP IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS @ ITA

ITA Academic Companies
Partnerships Partnerships
1. Prof. Maurício V. Donadon 1. Prof. Antonio M. Lima – UFU 1. Tanila Leal-EMBRAER
2. Prof. Flavio Bussamra 2. Prof. Rita Sales - FATEC 2. Viviane Prado-EMBRAER
3. Prof. Mariano A. Arbelo 3. Prof. Maria O. Cioffi – UNESP 3. Luciana Selmi – EMBRAER
4. Prof. Paulo Rizzi 4. Prof. Edson Cocchieri – UNESP 4. Francisco Arakaki-EMBRAER
5. Prof. José A. Hernandes 5. Prof. Evaldo José Corat – INPE 5. Fabio Silva – EMBRAER
6. Prof. Carlos Montestruque 6. Prof. Ramesh Talreja – Texas A&M 6. Paulo R. Pasquali-EMBRAER
7. Prof. Alfredo R. de Faria 7. Prof. Lorenzo Iannucci – IC-UK 7. Francisco Keller -EMBRAER
8. Prof. Domingos Rade 8. Prof. Brian Falzon – QUB – UK 8. Marcio Tossato-EMBRAER
9. Prof. Airton Nabarrete 9. Prof. Ragnar Larsson – Chalmers - Sweden 9. Winand Kok – TENCATE
10. Prof. Rafael Thiago Ferreira 10. Prof. Robin Olsson – ARI - Sweden 10. Marlie Koekenberg – TENCATE
11. Prof. Eliseu Lucena Neto 11. Prof. Brian Wardle – MIT-USA 11. Alessandro Guimaraes–LEL/IPT
12. Prof. André V. G. Cavalieri 12. Prof. Claudio Tavares – UTFPR 12. Juliana Machado - Alltec
13. Prof. Flavio Silvestre 13. Prof. Marcos Shiino – UNESP 13. Orestes Ferro – Alltec
14. Prof. Roberto Gil A. da Silva 14. Prof. Richard Degenhardt – DLR 14. José Marlet - Alltec
15. Prof. Francisco Alex Correia 15. Prof. Marcias Martinez-Clarkson – USA
16. Prof. Luis Gonzaga Trabasso 16. Prof. Rene Alderliesten – TUDelft-NL
17. Prof. Rafael Lins 17. Prof. Solfia Teixeira – TUDelft-NL AKAER, PETROBRAS
18. Prof. Christos Kassapaglou – TUDelft-NL
SCENIC ENGENHARIA,
19. Prof. Rinze Benedictus - TUDelft-NL
20. Prof. Saullo G. Castro - TUDelft-NL RECALTECH
21. Prof. Richard Loendersloot – Utwente-NL
22. Prof. Mirabel Rezende – Unifesp
23. Prof. José Divo Bressan – CCT/UDESC
24. Prof. Citlalli Gaona Tiburcio – UANL-México
9
RESEARCH GROUP IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS @ ITA

Pos-Docs PhD Students MSc Students
1. Dra. Rita Sales Contini-ITA 1. Vitor Reis-ITA 1. Sérgio Nascimento-ITA
2. Dr. Geraldo M. Cândido-ITA 2. Lucas Amaro-ITA 2. Gustavo Monteiro-ITA
3. Dr. Carlos Opelt-ITA 3. Sérgio Capacciuti-ITA 3. Francis Gonzalez – ITA
4. Douglas Quintanilha-ITA 4. Núbia Nale – ITA
5. Thyago Braga-EMBRAER 5. Daan Cederlof – TUDelf/ITA
6. Paulo Pasquali-EMBRAER
6. Bart van den Akker – U.Twente/ITA
7. Rafael Quelho-ITA
7. Gabriel Araujo-ITA
8. Thiago Dutra-ITA
9. Olumide Makinde-ITA 8. Felipe Ruivo –ITA
10. André Garcia – ITA/UFU 9. Natalia Marinho-ITA
11. Dante De’ Granis-ITA
12. Gefferson Cleuber-ITA
13. Thiago Versiani-ITA
14. Jerônimo Faria-ITA
Technicians
1. Hudson Lopes
2. Ricardo Gouvea
10
Research Topics in Composite Materials @ ITA
Research Areas
Mechanical & Smart &

Manufacturing Simulation in
Physical Nanocomposites Multifuncional
Processes Composites
Characterization Composites
Experimental
Wind Turbines Recycling
Techniques
11
COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

Manufacturing processes
RTM RIFT
12

Manufacturing processes
CLEAN ROOM ISO 10000 RIFT/RTM PROCESSES
Resin infusion stacking
13

Manufacturing processes modeling – VaRTM/RIFT
14

Manufacturing processes modeling - Thermoplastics
Fabric draping characterization
Thermo-forming simulation
15

Mechanical & Physical Characterization
Fracture Toughness Characterization
In-plane ply properties
16

Fractographic Analyses
Intralaminar Failure Modes
17

Fractographic Analyses
Interlaminar Failure Modes
18

Simulation in Composites
Intralaminar failure modes Interlaminar failure (Delamination)
19

20

Life prediction/Durability
Static Response
Cohesive zone based
damage models
10-2
Fatigue Response
10-3
10-4
10-5 Experiment
Paris' Law
Numerical
10-6
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
21
22

Life prediction/Durability
Fmax
Fmax
F
F
Fmin
Fmin
23
Simulation of a composite panel under cyclic loading
24
Simulation of a composite panel under cyclic loading
 a0 = 100 mm
 Pmax= 47 kN, R=0.1
 Aexp = 600 mm2 @ 15k cycles
 AFEM = 640 mm2 @ 15k cycles
25
Residual Strength of Composite panels
Interface damage evolution
Damage pattern associated with CFF
26

Micromechanics - Asymptotic Homogenization
Fibre +
Matrix +
Interface Properties
27

LV Impact Induced Damage CAI Strength Prediction
Bird-Strike
28

29

Buckling, Postbuckling & Collapse Ballistic Impact Dynamics
(Fiber-Metal Laminates)
Experiment FE Prediction
30

Crashworthiness of Composite Structures
31

Prediction of Shape Distortions – Spring-in effects induced during the resin cure cycle
32

Meshless Methods – Composite Modeling using Peridynamic Theory
Experiment (X-Ray) Prediction
P(t)
2a
P(t)
33

X/GFEM & Stable GFEM
Sub-domain with
enriched functions
Exact X/GFEM SGFEM

Solution Solution Solution
34

Aeroelastic Behaviour of Composite Panels undegoing Progressive Damage
Vflow

35

Nanocomposites
CVD reactor @ INPE
RTM Setup for Nanostructured

composite manufacturing
CNT growth on the fabric surface
36

Nanocomposites
Strain sensors made from Vertical Aligned Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
37
APPLICATION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL & SMART MATERIALS FOR

FLUTTER SUPPRESSION IN AERONAUTICAL PANELS
Wernher Von Braun was the pioneer

in designing supersonic rockets in
the world. The first prototype was
the rocket named V-2 designed in
1944.
38
AEROELASTIC STABILITY ANALYSIS OF ORTHOTROPIC PLATES

WITH EMBEDDED PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS
• Formulation and numerical implementation of a FE model that allow aeroelastic stability
analyses of orthotropic shells including the inverse piezoelectric effects (piezoelectrically induced
stress stiffening effects);
• To analyze the effects of geometric parameters combined with the stress stiffening on the
aeroelastic stability boundary of composite shells under supersonic flow
Piezoelectric
actuators
X
Orthotropic plate
39
AEROELASTIC STABILITY ANALYSIS OF ORTHOTROPIC PLATES

WITH EMBEDDED PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS
( [M] ω2 + [A] λ + [K] + NP ([KGx] + [KGy] ){q0} = 0

1000
where : 900
NP= 2 Φ e13 800
700
λ= ρV2/(M2-1)1/2 600
 (rad/s)
500
400
300 1st mode -  = 0 V

2nd mode -  = 0 V
1st mode -  = 100 V
200
2nd mode -  = 100 V
1st mode -  = 200 V
100 2nd mode -  = 200 V
0
0 10 20 30
10 (kg/ms )
-4 2
40
Gust Load Alleviation & Flutter Supression in a Flexible Wing

Instrumented With Piezoelectric Transducers
41

Smart & Multifunctional Composites
Viscoelastic materials
Viscoelastic materials have

properties between that of a
elastic solid and a viscous
fluid. The mathematical model
used to describe viscoelastic
materials properties is the
complex modulus of elasticity.
σ(ω,T)=G’(ω,T)[1+iη(ω,T)]ε(ω,T)
Where:
G’(ω,T) is the storage module
η (ω,T) is the loss factor
Material 3M ISD 112 (Drake; Soovere, 1984)

For lower temperatures, such as found in higher altitudes, the loss factor of the material increases
and becomes more efficient in damping vibration of the aeroelastic response frequency!
42
INFLUENCE OF VISCOELASTIC DAMPING ON THE AEROELASTIC

STABILITY OF PLATES
Lx
Constrained layer
Viscoelastic layer
Plate
43

STABILITY OF PLATES
44

STABILITY OF PLATES
45

Wind Turbines
• Development of numerical tools for steady & unsteady aerodynamic/aeroelastic analyses
of wind turbines;
• Blade design optimization
Vibration
Buckling
Progressive failure
46

Wind Turbines
• Development & validation of similarity rules for wind tunel testing
47

Experimental Techniques
Post-buckling due to shear loading
Fatigue & Residual Strength
Post-buckling/Crippling in compression
48

Digital Image Correlation Measurements
49

Drop test tower – Impact tests
50

Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar testing apparatus – Strain rate effects/HVI
51

Characterization of strain rate effects on fiber kinking fracture toughness of
composite laminates
52

Characterization of strain rate effects on the tensile intralaminar
fracture toughness of composite laminates
53

EXPERIMENTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE STRAIN RATE EFFECTS ON THE
MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES
Carbon/PPS Glass/PPS
54

HVI/Ballistic impact setup – Gas-gun
55

CAI test rig for plates & shells
56

Aging & Environmental Effects
Temp./Humidity & Thermal Shock Chambers
150
High
Temperature
b
-1
10 120
CDP1
CDP2
T=130 C 90
Temperature ( C)
o
-2 CDP3
10 60
Numerical
da/dN [mm/cycle]
30
-3
10 0
0 10 20 (min)
Time
-30
-4
10
T=-94 C Low -60
Temperature
a c
Thermal cycle
d
-5
10
-6
10 -4 -2 0 2
10 10 10 10
Gmax [N/mm]
57

Composites Recycling
Schematic diagram of the pyrolysis reactor
58
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
59

Presentation LNCA Structures

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Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica

Research and Innovation

 Introduction & Motivation

INTRODUCTION & MOTIVATION

Source: Air Transportation Action Group (ATAG)

Industry commitment in reducing carbon emission

INTRODUCTION & MOTIVATION

Need of more efficient engines, lighter materials

INTRODUCTION & MOTIVATION

Industry Regional Benefits

Projects recently approved by FINEP INOVA AERODEFESA –

Composite Flight Physics Aeroacoustics

APPLICATION OF COMPOSITES IN HIGHLY ELONGATED WINGS

RESEARCH GROUP IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS @ ITA

RESEARCH GROUP IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS @ ITA

Research Topics in Composite Materials @ ITA

Mechanical & Smart &

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

Resin infusion stacking

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

In-plane ply properties

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

Simulation of a composite panel under cyclic loading

Simulation of a composite panel under cyclic loading

Residual Strength of Composite panels

Interface damage evolution

Damage pattern associated with CFF

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

Experiment (X-Ray) Prediction

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

Exact X/GFEM SGFEM

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

RTM Setup for Nanostructured

CNT growth on the fabric surface

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

APPLICATION OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL & SMART MATERIALS FOR

Wernher Von Braun was the pioneer

AEROELASTIC STABILITY ANALYSIS OF ORTHOTROPIC PLATES

AEROELASTIC STABILITY ANALYSIS OF ORTHOTROPIC PLATES

( [M] ω2 + [A] λ + [K] + NP ([KGx] + [KGy] ){q0} = 0

NP= 2 Φ e13 800

300 1st mode -  = 0 V

Gust Load Alleviation & Flutter Supression in a Flexible Wing

COMPOSITE MATERIALS-RESEARCH TOPICS

Viscoelastic materials have

Material 3M ISD 112 (Drake; Soovere, 1984)

INFLUENCE OF VISCOELASTIC DAMPING ON THE AEROELASTIC

INFLUENCE OF VISCOELASTIC DAMPING ON THE AEROELASTIC