16 TENSES

Present Tense PastTense Future Tense Past Future Tense

Simple Present Tense : Simple Past Tense : Simple Future Tense : Use for planing Past Future Tense:
a. Nominal simple present : Rumus Rumus Rumus
tobe-1 (am-are-is) Positif (+) Positif (+) Positif (+)
Example: She is a Teacher - Subject + to be (was/were) + complement Subject + will/shall + verb I + object Subject + should/would + be + object
She is not a teacher - Subject + verb 2 + object Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb I + object Subject + should/would + verb I + object
Negatif (-)
Is she a teacher ? Negatif (-) Negatif (-)
Subject + should/would + not + be + object
b. Verbal simple present : - Subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement Subject + will/shall + verb I + object Subject + should/would + not + verb + object
not tobe but have verb - Subject + did not + verb 1 + object Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb I + Tanya (?)
Example: I work Tanya (?) object Should/would + subject + be + object ?
I do not work - Did + subject + verb 1 + object ? Tanya (?) Should/would + subject + verb I + object ?
Do I work ? Contoh Simple Past tense: Will/shall + subject + verb I + object Contoh – simple past future tense :
She,He and It verb-1 + s, so verb He was a businessman in 1999 (+) Am/is/are + subject + going to + verb I + object He should be in Banten next month (+)
that have hissing sound (x,ch,s and - dia adalah seorang pebisnis pada tahun 1999 Contoh – Simple Future tense : - dia akan telah berada di Banten bulan depan
sh) we use the last es (mixes, I sell these motorcycles in Surabaya(+) We will go to school soon (+) He should not be in Banten next month (-)
teaches, kisses and washes). - saya menjual sepeda motor ini di Surabaya - kita akan pergi ke sekolah segera - dia tidak akan telah berada di Banten bulan
The use simple present tense : She did not visit me yesterday (-) We will not go to school soon (-) depan
Should he be in Banten next month ? (?)
1. Expressing facts - dia tidak mengunjungiku kemarin - kita tidak akan pergi ke sekolah segera
- apakah dia akan telah berada di Banten bulan
2. expressing habits My parents were not home yesterday(-) Will we go to school soon ? (?) depan ?
- orang tua ku tidak ada di rumah kemarin - apakah kita akan pergi ke sekolah segera I should be pick up when you arrive at the
Adverbs of Frequency Did you play football yesterday ? (?) The students are going to have a test next month station tomorrow (+)
always selalu - Apakah kamu bermain sepakbola kemarin ? (+) - saya akan sedang sudah menjemput ketika
usually biasanya - para siswa akan menghadapi ujian bulan depan kamu tiba di stasiun besok
often seringkali The students are not going to have a test next (-) I should not be pick up when you arrive at the
sometimes kadang2 - para siswa tidak akan menghadapi ujian bulan station tomorrow (-)
seldom jarang depan - saya tidak akan sedang sudah menjemput
never tidak pernah Are the students going to have a test next month ? ketika kamu tiba di stasiun besok
should you be pick up when I arrive at the
ever pernah (?)
station tomorrow ? (?)
- Apakah para siswa akan menghadapi ujian bulan - apakah kamu akan sedang sudah menjemput
depan ? ketika saya tiba di stasiun besok ?
Present continuous Tense : Past continuous Tense :
used for activity now Rumus
Rumus Present Continuous Positif (+)
Tense : Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Positif (+):
Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object
subject + to be (am, is, are) + Tanya (?)
Verb – ing + object - was/were + subject + verb-ing + object ?
Negatif (-) : Contoh - Past Continuous tense :
subject + to be + not + verb – ing He was sleeping when I came (+)
+ object - Dia sedang tidur ketika saya datang
interogative?) : He was not sleeping when I came (-)
to be + subject + verb – ing + - Dia tidak sedang tidur ketika saya datang
object Was he sleeping when I came ?
Example : - apakah dia sedang tidur ketika saya datang ?
I am watching TV now (+) I was working all night yesterday(+)
- saya sedang bekerja sepanjang malam kemarin
Mr. Khanafi is not going to
I was not working all night yesterday (-)
Jakarta (-) - Saya tidak sedang bekerja sepanjang malam
Is Mrs. Annisa cooking in the kemarin
kitchen ? (?) were you working all night yesterday ?
- Apakah kamu sedang bekerja sepanjang malam
kemarin ?
Present Perfect Tense : used for Past Perfect Tense:
past activity until now.(pointed to Rumus Past Perfect Tense :
output) Positif (+)
Rumus : Subject + had + verb III + (past participle) +
Positif (+) object
Subject + has / have + been + object Negatif (-)
Subject + has / have + verb III + Subject + had + not + verb III + object
object Tanya (?)
Negatif (-) Had + subject + verb III + object ?
Future continuous Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + will/shall + be + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + will/shall + not + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
Will/shall + subject + be + verb-ing + object
Contoh – Future Continuous tense :
I will be watching a movie tonight (+)
- saya akan sedang menonton film nanti
malam
I will not be watching a movie tonight (-)
- saya tidak akan sedang menonton film nanti
malam
Will you be watching a movie tonight ? (?)
- Apakah kamu akan sedang menonton film
nanti malam ?
Future Perfect Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + shall/will + have + been + complement
Subject + shall/will + have + verb III + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + shall/will + not + been + complement
Subject + shall/will + not + have + verb III +
object
Past Future Continuous Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + should/would + be + verb-ing +
object
Negatif (-)
Subject + should/would + not + be + verb-
ing + object
Tanya (?)
Should/would + subject + be + verb-ing +
object ?
Contoh – Past Future Continuous tense :
My brother would be finishing Thesis last
week (+)
- Kakakku akan telah sedang menyelesaikan
tesis minggu lalu
My brother would not be finishing Thesis
last week (-)
- Kakakku tidak akan telah sedang
menyelesaikan tesis minggu lalu
Would your brother be finishing Thesis last
week? (?)
- apakah kakakmu akan telah sedang
menyelesaikan tesis minggu lalu ?
Past Future Perfect Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + should/would + have + been +
complement
Subject + should/would + have + verb III +
object
Negatif (-)
Subject + should/would + not + have + been
Subject + has / have + not + been + Contoh - Past Perfect tense :
object They had been here before 1945 (+)
Subject +has / have + not + verb III - mereka telah berada disini sebelum tahun 1945
+ object They had not been here before 1945 (-)
Tanya (?) - mereka belum berada disini sebelum tahun 1945
Have / has + Subject + verb III + Had they been here before 1945 ? (?)
object - apakah mereka telah berada disini sebelum
Have / has + subject + been + 1945 ?
object She had gone to Amsterdam when I called her (+)
Contoh : - dia telah pergi ke Amsterdam ketika aku
I have been at home for a month (+) meneleponnya
Mr. Handoko has not eaten the sate She had not gone to Amsterdam when I called her
already (-) (-)
Has Mr. Imam been here since - dia belum pergi ke Amsterdam ketika aku
06.00 ? (?) meneleponnya
Had she gone to Amsterdam when you called
her ?
- apakah dia telah pergi ke Amsterdam ketika
kamu meneleponnya ?
Keterangan waktu (Adverb of time) yang umum
digunakan dalam past Perfect tense ini : after, before,
already, as soon as, just, yet, until, till, by the time
that.
Tanya (?)
Shall/will + subject + been + complement
Shall/will + subject + have + verb III + object ?
Contoh – Future perfect tense :
I will have been in this hospital until tomorrow
morning (+)
- saya akan telah berada di rumah sakit ini sampai
besok pagi
I will not have been in this hospital until
tomorrow morning (-)
- saya tidak akan telah berada di rumah sakit ini
sampai besok pagi
Will you have been in this hospital until tomorrow
morning ? (?)
- apakah kamu akan telah berada disini sampai
besok pagi ?
Majid will have rented my house next month (+)
- Majid akan telah menyewa rumahku bulan
depan
Majid will not have rented my house next month
(-)
- Majid tidak akan telah menyewa rumahku bulan
depan
Will Majid have rented my house next month ? (?)
- apakah Majid akan telah menyewa rumahku
bulan depan ?
+ complement
Subject + should/would + not + have + verb
III + object
Tanya (?)
Should/would + subject + have + been +
complement ?
Should/would + subject + have + verb III +
object ?
Contoh – Past Future Perfect tense :
My mother should have been here at nine
o’clock tomorrow (+)
- Ibu saya akan sudah berada disini jam 9
besok
My mother should not have been here at
nine o’clock tomorrow (-)
- Ibu saya tidak akan sudah berada disini
jam 9 besok
Should your mother have been here at nine
o’clock tomorrow ? (?)
- Apakah ibu kamu akan sudah berada disini
jam 9 besok ?
Mar’i would have worked in leading
companies next month (+)
- Mar’I akan sudah bekerja di perusahaan
ternama bulan depan
Mar’i will not have worked in leading
companies next month (-)
- Mar’I tidak akan sudah bekerja di
perusahaan ternama bulan depan
Will Mar’i have worked in leading
companies next month ? (?)
- Apakah Mar’I akan sudah bekerja di
perusahaan ternama bulan depan ?
Present Perfect continuous
Tense : used for past activity until
now. Adverb of time that used “for”
and “since”.
Rumus :
Positif (+)
Subject + has / have + been + verb-
ing
Negatif (-)
Subject + has / have + not + been +
verb-ing
Interogative (?)
Has/have + subject + been + verb-
ing ?
Contoh :
I have been watching TV for two
hours (+)
He has been playing football since
elementary school(+)
Marina has not been learning
english for two years (-)
Have you been reading a book for
an hour ? (?)
Past Perfect continuous Tense :
Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + had + been + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + had + not + been + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
Had + subject + been + object ?
Contoh Past Perfect Continuous tense :
He had been living in Jakarta about ten years (+)
- Dia telah tinggal di Jakarta sekitar 10 tahun
He had not been living in Jakarta about ten years
(-)
- dia belum tinggal di Jakarta sekitar 10 tahun
Had He been living in Jakarta about ten years ? (?)
- apakah dia telah tinggal di Jakarta selamat 10
tahun ?
Perbedaan antara Present Perfect Continuous and
Past Perfect Continuous adalah :
Present Perfect Continuous mengungkapkan
tindakan yang terus berlanjut sampai sekarang
sedangkan Past Perfect Continuous tidak.
Future Perfect continuous Tense: Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense :
Rumus Rumus
Positif (+) Positif (+)
Subject + shall/will + have + been + verb-ing + Subject + should/would + have + been +
object verb-ing + object
Negatif (-) Negatif (-)
Subject + shall/will + not + have + been + verb- Subject + should/would + not + have + been
ing + object + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?) Tanya (?)
Shall/will + subject + have + been + verb-ing + Should/would + subject + have + been +
object ? verb-ing + object ?
Contoh – Future Perfect Continuous tense : Contoh – Past Future Perfect Continuous
My grandmother will have been visiting us tense :
tomorrow morning (+) I would have working in leading companies
- nenek saya akan telah sedang mengunjungi kami for 10 years (+)
besok pagi - Aku akan sudah sedang bekerja di
My grandmother will not have been visiting us perusahaan ternama selama 10 tahun
tomorrow morning (-) I would not have working in leading
- nenek saya tidak akan telah sedang mengunjungi companies for 10 years (-)
kami besok pagi - Aku tidak akan sudah sedang bekerja di
Will your grandmother have been visiting you perusahaan ternama selama 10 tahun
tomorrow morning? (?) Would you have working in leading
- apakah nenek kamu akan telah sedang companies for 10 years ? (?)
mengunjungi kamu besok pagi ? - apakah kamu akan sudah sedang bekerja di
perusahaan ternama selama 10 tahun ?