Systematic Naming

● There are too many compounds to

remember the names of them all.
Chapter 9 ● Compound is made of two or more
elements.
Naming Compounds ● Put together atoms.

Writing Formulas ● Name should tell us how many and

what type of atoms.

Two Types of Compounds Two Types of Compounds

1 Molecular compounds 2 Ionic Compounds
● Made of molecules.
● Made of cations and anions.
● Made by joining nonmetal atoms
● Metals and nonmetals.
together into molecules.
● The electrons lost by the cation are
● Sometimes hydrogen
gained by the anion.
● The cation and anions surround each
other.
● Smallest piece is a FORMULA UNIT.

Two Types of Compounds Charges on ions

Ionic Molecular ● For most of Group A elements,
Smallest location on the Periodic Table can
Formula Unit Molecule
piece tell what kind of ion they form
Types of Metal and
Nonmetals ● Elements in the same group have
elements Nonmetal
similar properties.
Solid, liquid
State solid ● Including the charge when they are
or gas
Melting ions.
High >300ºC Low <300ºC
Point

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 Charge in groups 1A, 2A and Can also use electron dots
1+ 3A is the group number ● If it has a few
+3+
2+ in 5A, 6A and 7A 3+ 3- 2- 1-
is the group
number - 8
it loses them
Al
K
● If it has many,
it gains
3-
-
enough for
octet
F
N

What about the others? Naming ions

● We have to figure those out some
other way.
● More on this later.
● Cation- if the charge is always the
same (Group A) just write the name
of the metal.
● Most transition metals can have
more than one type of charge.
● Indicate the charge with Roman
numerals in parenthesis.
● Co2+ Cobalt(II) ion

Naming ions Name these

●A few, like silver, zinc and cadmium ●Na1+ Sodium ion
only form one kind of ion ●Ca2+ Calcium ion
● Don’t get roman numerals ●Al3+ Aluminum ion
● Ag+ silver ion ●Fe3+ Iron(III) ion
● Zn2+ zinc ion ●Fe2+ Iron(II) ion
● Cd2+ cadmium ion ●Pb2+ Lead(II) ion
●Li1+ Lithium ion

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 Write Formulas for these Naming Anions
● Anions are always the same.
●Potassium ion K1+
● Change the element ending to – ide
●Magnesium ion Mg2+
● F1- Fluorine
●Copper(II) ion Cu2+
●Chromium(VI) ion Cr6+
●Barium ion Ba2+
●Mercury(II) ion Hg2+

Naming Anions Naming Anions

● Anions are always the same. ● Anions are always the same
● Change the element ending to – ide ● Change the element ending to – ide
● F1- Fluorin ● F1- Fluori

Naming Anions Naming Anions

● Anions are always the same ● Anions are always the same
● Change the element ending to – ide ● Change the element ending to – ide
● F1- Fluor ● F1- Fluori

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 Naming Anions Naming Anions
● Anions are always the same ● Anions are always the same
● Change the element ending to – ide ● Change the element ending to – ide
● F1- Fluorid ● F1- Fluoride

Naming Anions Name these

● Anions are always the same
●Cl1- Chloride ion
● Change the element ending to – ide
●N3- Nitride ion
● F1- Fluoride ion
●Br1- Bromide ion
●O2- Oxide ion
●Ga3+ Gallium ion

Polyatomic ions
Write these
● Groups of atoms that stay together
●Sulfide ion S2- and have a charge.
●Iodide ion I1- ● Covalently bonded
● You must memorize these. (pg 257)
●Phosphide ion P3-

●Strontium ion Sr2+

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 1- ions 1- ions
● Acetate C2H3O21- ● Perchlorate ClO41-
● Nitrate NO31- ● Chlorate ClO31-
● Nitrite NO21- ● Chlorite ClO21-

● Hydroxide OH1- ● Hypochlorite1-

● Permanganate MnO41-
● Cyanide CN1-

2- ions 3- ions
● Sulfate SO42- ● Phosphate PO43-
● Sulfite SO32- ● Phosphite PO33-
● Carbonate CO32-
1+ ion
● Chromate CrO42- ● Ammonium NH41+
● Dichromate Cr2O72-
● Silicate SiO32-

Adding Hydrogen to Polyatomics

● Hydrogen ions are 1+
● Attach to other polyatomic ions-
changes charge by one Ions in Ionic Compounds
● Sulfate SO42-
● Hydrogen sulfate HSO41-
● Phosphate PO43-
● Hydrogen phosphate HPO42-
● Dihydrogen phosphate H2PO41-

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 Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
● Binary Compounds - 2 elements.
● Ionic - a cation and an anion.
● The name is just the names of the ions.
● Cation first anion second
● Easy with Group A elements.
● NaCl = Na+ Cl- = sodium chloride
● MgBr2 = Mg
2+ Br- = magnesium bromide
● Na2S
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
● The problem comes with the transition
metals.
● Cation name includes the charge.
● The compound must be neutral.
● same number of + and – charges.
● Use the negative charge to find the
charge on the positive ion.

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Naming Binary Ionic Compounds

● Write the name of CuO ● Write the name of Cu2S.
● Need the charge of Cu ● Since S is 2-, the Cu2 must be 2+, so
● O is 2- each one is 1+.
● copper must be 2+ ● copper(I) sulfide

● Copper(II) oxide ● Fe2O3

● Name CoCl3 ● Each O is 2- 3 x 2- = 6-

● Cl is 1- and there are three of them = 3- ● 2 Fe must = 6+, so each is 3+.

● Co must be 3+ ● iron(III) oxide

● Cobalt(III) chloride

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Ternary Ionic Compounds

● Write the names of the following ● Will have polyatomic ions
● KCl ● At least three elements (3 capital letters)

● Na3N ● Still just name the ions

● CrN ● NaNO3
● Sc3P2
● CaSO4
● PbO

● PbO2 ● CuSO3
● Na2Se

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 Ternary Ionic Compounds Writing Formulas
● (NH4)2O
● The charges have to add up to zero.
● Fe(OH)3 ● Get charges on pieces.
● Cations from name or periodic table.
● LiCN
● Anions from periodic table or polyatomic.
● (NH4)2CO3 ● Balance the charges by adding subscripts.
● Put polyatomics in parenthesis if there is
● NiPO4
more than one of them

Writing Formulas Crisscross

● Write the formula for calcium chloride. ● Switch the numerical value of the charges
● Calcium is Ca2+
● Chloride is Cl1- Ba22+ N33-
● Ca2+ Cl1- would have a 1+ charge.

● Need another Cl1- Ba3 N2

● Ca2+ Cl21-
● Reduce ratio if possible

Write the formulas for these Write the formulas for these
● Lithium sulfide ● Ammonium chloride
● tin (II) oxide ● barium nitrate
● tin (IV) oxide
● Copper (II) sulfate
● Iron (III) phosphide
● gallium nitrate
● Iron (III) sulfide
● ammonium sulfide

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 Roman Polyatomic? Yes
Numeral?
Group
1A, 2A Poly
Yes No Yes No
or 3A? atomic?
Charge Charge Formula Charge
from from and from
name table charge table
from
memory Yes Yes No
No

M+X Nm-Y Metal Name Name +ide

Metal (charge)
MYNmX Ionic
Ionic

Things to look for

● If cations have (), the number is their
charge. Not how many.
● If anions end in -ide they are probably off Molecular Compounds
the periodic table (Monoatomic)
● If anion ends in -ate or -ite it is polyatomic Writing names and Formulas
● The positive piece always gets written first
● Hydrogen- it depends on where it’s at
– If it is second, it’s a nonmetal -hydride

Molecular compounds Easier

● made of just nonmetals ● Ionic compounds use charges to
● smallest piece is a molecule determine how many of each.
● can’t be held together because of ● Molecular compounds name tells you
opposite charges. the number of atoms.
● can’t use charges to figure out how ● Uses prefixes to tell you the number
many of each atom

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 Prefixes Naming
● 1 mono- ● 6 hexa- ● To write the name write two words
● 2 di- ● 7 hepta-
● 3 tri- ● 8 octa-
Prefix name Prefix name -ide
● 4 tetra- ● 9 nona- ● Exception - we don’t write mono- if there
● 5 penta- ● 10 deca- is only one of the first element.
● No ao oo double vowels when writing
name, io, oi, and ai are okay.

Name These Write formulas for these

● N2O ● diphosphorus pentoxide
● NO2 ● tetraiodine nonoxide
● Cl2O7 ● sulfur hexaflouride
● CBr4 ● nitrogen trioxide
● CO2 ● Carbon tetrahydride
● BaCl2 ● phosphorus trifluoride
● aluminum chloride

Name 1 Name 2

Prefix Prefix
Yes

No
No
Does Name 2
have a prefix?

Yes
Nm Nm

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 XxYy

Yes

No
Yes
Is X a
metal?
Prefix+name Prefix+name+ide
No (no mono)

Molecular

Bases
● Produce hydroxide ions when dissolved
in water.
Acids and Bases ● OH-
● Must have hydroxide in them,

Writing names and Formulas connected to a metal

● Same name and formula rules as other
ionic compounds
● Ca(OH)2 Calcium hydroxide

What is the name of KOH What is the name of Pd(OH)2?

A) Potassium hydroxide A) Palladium hydroxide
B) Potassium(I) hydroxide B) Palladium(I) hydroxide
C) Potassium monohydroxide C) Palladium(II) hydroxide
D) Potassium hydroxide D) Palladium dihydroxide
E) Potassium oxygen hydride

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 What is the formula for What is the formula for
barium hydroxide? iron(III) hydroxide
A) Fe3OH
A) BaOH
B) FeOH3
B) BaOH2
C) Fe(III)OH
C) Ba(OH)2
D) Fe(OH)3
D) BaHO

Acids Naming acids

● Compounds that give off hydrogen ions ● If the anion attached to hydrogen is
when dissolved in water. ends in -ide, put the prefix hydro- and
● Must have H in them. change -ide to -ic acid
● will always be some H next to an anion. ● HCl - hydrogen ion and chloride ion

● The anion determines the name. ● hydrochloric acid

● H2S hydrogen ion and sulfide ion
● hydrosulfuric acid

Naming Acids Name these

● If the anion has oxygen in it ● HF
● it ends in -ate or -ite ● H3P
● change the suffix -ate to -ic acid ● H2SO4
● HNO3 Hydrogen and nitrate ions ● H2SO3
● Nitric acid ● HCN
● change the suffix -ite to -ous acid ● H2CrO4
● HNO2 Hydrogen and nitrite ions
● Nitrous acid

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 Writing Formulas Write formulas for these
● Hydrogen will always be first ● hydroiodic acid
● name will tell you the anion ● acetic acid
● make the charges cancel out. ● carbonic acid
● Starts with hydro- no oxygen, -ide ● phosphorous acid
● no hydro, -ate comes from -ic, -ite ● hydrobromic acid
comes from -ous ● diagram

Name 1 Name 2 No
Hydro- ?
Is Name 2
acid? Yes
No
Yes

No -ic acid?
Charge
No from
Does Name 2 table
Yes No

have a prefix? -ate -ite

Yes

Nm-Y

HYNm

XxYy
Oxygen?
Is X Yes
hydrogen? Yes

No -ate?
No
Yes No
Is X a Yes
metal?

____ ic acid ____ ous acid Hydro____ ic

No acid

Acid

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 Name H2C2O4 Name HClO2
A) Hydrogen carbon oxide A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Hydrogen carbonate B) Hydrochlorous acid
C) Hydrogen Oxalate C) Chlorous acid
D) Carbonic acid D) Chloric acid
E) Oxalic acid E) Hydrogen chlorine dioxide

Write the formula for Write the formula for

nitrous acid hydrochloric acid
A) H3N A) HCl
B) HNO B) HClO
C) HNO2 C) HClO2
D) HNO3 D) HClO3
E) HNO4 E) HClO4

● Threesamples of a substance
Law of Definite Proportions containing sodium (Na) and Oxygen
● Each compound has a specific ratio of (O), were prepared in different ways.
elements. Show they follow the law of definite
● It is a ratio by mass. proportion
● Water is always 8 grams of oxygen for Sample Mass of Na in Mass of O Total mass
each gram of hydrogen. sample in sample
● Because it has a definite ratio of atoms A 0.757 g 0.263 g 1.020 g
B 1.149 g 0.399 g 1.548 g
C 1.025 g 0.357 g 1.382 g

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 Law of Multiple Proportions
● If two elements form more than one
compound, the ratio of the second
element that combines with 1 gram of
the first element in each, is a simple
whole number.
● The ratio of the ratios is a whole
number.
What?
● Water is 8 grams of oxygen per gram of
hydrogen.
● Hydrogen peroxide is 16 grams of
oxygen per gram of hydrogen.
● 16 to 8 is a 2 to 1 ratio.
● True because you have to add a whole
atoms, you can’t add a piece of an atom.
● Water is H2O
● Hydrogen peroxide is H2O2

● Two different compounds are formed by Summary

the elements carbon and oxygen. The
first compound contains 42.9% by mass
carbon and 57.1% by mass oxygen.
The second compound contains 27.3%
by mass carbon and 72.7% by mass
oxygen. Show that the data are
consistent with the Law of Multiple
Proportions.
● Make all the decisions.
● First determine type of compound
● Then figure out name or formula
● Acid = H to start
● Metal = Ionic
● No H, No metal = molecular
● Only molecular get prefixes
● Roman numeral is NOT how many
● Hydro means no O

Summary 38.Name these acids

● Periodic table a) H2C2O4 b) HF c) HClO2 d) H2CO3
39.Write formulas for these compounds
– Grouped by properties
a) nitrous acid b) hydroselenic acid
● Metals- make cations c) phosphoric acid d) acetic acid
– 2 types those with () and those without 43. Name these compounds
● Nonmetals make anions a) AlF3 b) SnO2 c) Fe(C2H3O2)3
– Three types d) KHSO4 e) CaH2 f) HClO3
g) Hg2Br2 h) H2CrO4
• Without O -ide
44. Write formulas for these
• With O -ite and -ate a) Phosphorus pentabromide
● Only electrons can move to make ions b) Carbon chloride
c) potassium permanganate

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43. Name these compounds
a) AlF3 b) SnO2 c) Fe(C2H3O2)3
d) KHSO4 e) CaH2 f) HClO3
g) Hg2Br2 h) H2CrO4
44. Write formulas for these
a) Phosphorus pentabromide
b) Carbon chloride
c) potassium permanganate
d) Calcium hydrogen carbonate
e) dichlorine heptoxide
f) trisilicon tetrahydride
g) sodium dihydrogen phosphate

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