Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045

Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011

Contract Number Page 1 of 28
Revision 1

SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

This specification has been revised as indicated below and described in the revision record on the following
page. Please destroy all previous revisions.

Revision Date Originator's Reviewed/Checked By Pages

No. Name & Initials Name & Initials
A 13-Jan-11 K. Rachel T. Wood All
0 13-Jan-11 K. Rachel T. Wood All
1 14-April-11 K. Rachel T. Wood All

APPROVALS SIGNATURES DATE

Lead Engineer
Engineering Manager:
Client Approval:

ISSUED FOR : Construction X Other Issued Approved

Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
Contract Number Page 2 of 28
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

Record of Revisions
Revision Date Description
No.

A 13-Jan-11 Issue Table of Contents for Client Review

0 13-Jan-11 Issue for Client Review

1 14-April-11 Issued Approved

Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

1.0 GENERAL .....................................................................................................................................................4

2.0 REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................................6

3.0 EXECUTION.................................................................................................................................................8

4.0 GENERAL DESIGN...................................................................................................................................10

5.0 INSULATION AND ACCESSORY MATERIALS .................................................................................12

6.0 PREPARATION FOR INSULATION ......................................................................................................14

7.0 INSULATION APPLICATION – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS........................................................15

8.0 INSULATION APPLICATION FOR PIPING AND RELATED ITEMS .............................................16

9.0 WEATHERPROOFING OF INSULATED PIPING AND RELATED ITEMS ...................................19

10.0 INSULATION APPLICATION FOR EQUIPMENT (EXCEPT TANKS)............................................19

11.0 WEATHERPROOFING OF INSULATED EQUIPMENT (EXCEPT TANKS) ..................................20

12.0 INSULATION AND WEATHERPROOFING FOR ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TANKS............22

13.0 QUALITY CONTROL ...............................................................................................................................22

14.0 SAFETY AND HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................................24

15.0 INSULATION MATERIALS SCHEDULE..............................................................................................24

16.0 WEATHERPROOFING AND FASTENERS SCHEDULE....................................................................25

17.0 INSULATION AND WEATHERPROOFING APPLICATION SCHEDULE .....................................26

18.0 FASTENERS APPLICATION SCHEDULE............................................................................................27

19.0 INSULATION THICKNESS CHART ......................................................................................................28

Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

1.0 GENERAL

1.1 Scope

This specification covers the general requirements for materials and application of external thermal
insulation for piping and equipment operating from ambient to 1,200°F (649°C), which are located
aboveground and either inside or outside of buildings.

The insulation systems specified herein are designed for:

1. Control heat Losses

2. Protecting personnel from hot surfaces

3. Minimizing heat gain during fire conditions

4. Noise attenuation and control

1.2 Clarification to the Scope

The insulation requirements for the following items shall be evaluated on a case-by-case basis and are
not described in this Specification. The insulation contractor shall propose appropriate methods of
insulating each of the following for approval by the Engineer, if any of them are included in the work.

1. Insulated surfaces which are subject to foot-traffic

2. Equipment surfaces with external structural members whose size frequency and position may
cause insulation application difficulties (Examples: Ducts, and exterior surfaces of heat recovery
steam generators)

3. Surfaces where accumulation of water is possibility

4. Roofs of field fabricated aboveground storage tanks

1.3 Exceptions

The requirements of this Specification are not applicable to the following insulation systems:

1. Insulation systems for surfaces operating above 1,200°F (649°C)

2. Insulation systems in underground service

3. Exterior insulation systems for surfaces with temperatures at or below the dew point (Cold
insulation systems)

4. Refractory systems and/or internal insulation systems for process piping and equipment
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

5. Insulation systems for HVAC equipment

6. Insulation systems for field erected storage tanks

7. Insulation systems for vessels and equipment where there are extreme and frequent temperature
cycles

1.4 Terminology

 CONTRACTOR - the insulation contractor or equipment supplier if insulation application is part

of the purchase order.

 ENGINEER - the engineer responsible for development or maintenance of this Specification.

 EQUIPMENT - cylindrical shapes of more than 24" outside diameter for which preformed
sectional pipe insulation materials are not suitable. Subject to the size, this category of items
include items such as pressure vessels, shop fabricated tanks, heat exchangers, reactors, piping and
process equipment including attachments thereto such as nozzles. This definition does not include
boilers and heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs).

Note: Cylindrical shapes of 24" or smaller diameter shall be treated as pipe. Refer to definition
of PIPE.

 FLANGE - flanges of PIPE and EQUIPMENT.

 OPERATING TEMPERATURE - the temperature of the external metal surfaces during operating
conditions calculated or noted on the P&IDs, line list and drawings. Where a range is noted for
the operating temperature, the upper limit of the range shall be considered as the operating
temperature for hot service. Temperatures reached during upset conditions and steam-out
temperature shall not be considered as the operating temperature. Steam-out temperature and heat
tracer temperature shall not be considered as a basis for the insulation thickness selection for
traced pipe and equipment.

 OWNER - the Project owner or its authorized representative.

 PIPE/PIPING - cylindrical shapes with outside diameters of 24" NPS or smaller which can be
insulated with preformed sectional pipe insulation materials. Subject to the size limitation of 24"
outside diameter, this category includes piping with or without heat tracer, pipe fittings, valves,
flanges, in-line pipe accessories, vessels, shop fabricated tanks, heat exchangers, reactors and
process equipment including attachments thereto such as nozzles.

 TANKS - Storage tanks that are field fabricated.

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 WORK - Supply of consumable and installed materials, supply of all labor, supervision, testing
instruments, application equipment, and each and every item of expense required to install a
complete insulation system.

2.0 REFERENCES

The latest revision, including addenda, of the following references in effect on the latest date of this
Specification form a part of this Specification. Except as modified by the requirements specified in this
Specification or on the drawings, all Work performed shall comply with the following references. Any
conflicts between the following references and this Specification shall be resolved by the ENGINEER.
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
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2.1 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) Standard Specifications, Test Methods,
Practices and Guides

A167 Stainless and Heat Resisting Chromium Nickel Plate Sheet and Strip

B209/B209M Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Sheet and Plate

C449 Mineral Fiber Hydraulic-Setting Thermal Insulating and Finishing Cement

C450 Fabrication of Thermal Insulating Fitting Covers for NPS Piping and Vessel Lagging

C450 Practice for Prefabrication and Field Fabrication of Thermal Insulation

C547 Mineral Fiber Preformed Pipe Insulation (Class 5)

C553 Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Commercial and Industrial
Applications

C610 Molded Expanded Perlite Block and Pipe Thermal Insulation

C647 Guide for Properties and Tests of Mastics and Coating Finishes for Thermal
Insulation

C692 Evaluating the Influence of Thermal Insulations on External Stress Corrosion

Cracking Tendency of Austenitic Stainless Steel

C795 Thermal Insulation for Use In Contact With Austenitic Stainless Steel

C871 Chemical Analysis of Thermal Insulation Materials for Leachable Chloride,

Fluoride, Silicate and Sodium Ions

C892 High Temperature Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation

C929 Handling, Transporting, Shipping, Storage, Receiving, and Application of Thermal

Insulation Materials for use in Contact with Austenitic Stainless Steel

C1086 Glass Fiber Mechanically Bonded Felt Thermal Insulation

2.2 Specifications

MQ-SP-M-4038 Specification – Painting

MQ-SP-M-4044 Acoustic Insulation for Equipment

Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
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3.0 EXECUTION

3.1 Responsibilities

The EQUIPMENT SUPPLIER is responsible for supply and installation of the complete design,
materials and installation of complete insulation system for the following items:

1. Steam Turbines

2. Boiler Units, including deaerators and related equipment

3. Heater Units

4. Steam Generating Equipment

The EQUIPMENT SUPPLIER is responsible for supply and installation of the insulation supports on
all pieces of equipment regardless of the party responsible for the application of insulation systems.

The pipe fabricator is responsible for installing insulation supports for all vertical pipe fabricated in the
shop.

The CONTRACTOR is responsible for supply and installation of other required insulation supports.

The CONTRACTOR is responsible for supply and installation of the complete insulation systems for
the following items:

1. Piping

2. Equipment other than those items listed to be insulated by the EQUIPMENT SUPPLER.

3. Ultrasonic testing plugs to be installed during installation work at the jobsite as directed by
Owner’s Inspector.

The CONTRACTOR shall submit the following documents for review and approval by the OWNER:

1. Technical data sheets for all insulation

2. MSDS (Material Safety Data sheets) for all materials of the insulation systems and consumable
materials

3. Details of insulation supports

4. Data on all component items and items which will be fabricated by the CONTRACTOR

5. Quality control procedures

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3.2 General Scope of Insulation Application Work

CONTRACTOR shall furnish and install insulation on piping and equipment specified to be insulated
on equipment drawings and piping isometrics.

CONTRACTOR shall take on-site measurements for fabricating flexible insulation covers.

CONTRACTOR shall supply, tag, and install removable flexible insulation covers. Where piping is
flanged at an equipment nozzle, the flexible insulation cover shall also cover the equipment flange.

CONTRACTOR shall supply and install insulation supports on equipment and vertical pipe as required
during insulation application. Welded supports are not allowed to be installed on any pipe and
equipment at site that has been heat-treated.

CONTRACTOR shall remove and replace any damaged existing insulation and weatherproofing.
CONTRACTOR shall also dispose of any removed insulation.

CONTRACTOR shall install metal flashing where it is practical. Mastic flashing shall be limited to
those areas where metal flashing is impractical as determined by the ENGINEER.

CONTRACTOR shall keep a copy of this specification, latest technical data sheets of the specified
products, application instructions and material safety data sheets at each work location.

CONTRACTOR shall supply and maintain necessary storage facilities for all insulation materials and
accessories. The storage temperature shall be in accordance with the product manufacturer's
recommended storage temperatures.

The insulation materials and application shall comply fully with this specification. CONTRACTOR
shall not use any material, which has not been approved in writing by the ENGINEER.
CONTRACTOR’s requests for material substitutions and alternate methods shall be accompanied by
technical justification and benefits to the OWNER. Requests solely for the convenience of the
CONTRACTOR may not be reviewed or approved by the ENGINEER and the CONTRACTOR shall
not keep any work on "hold" pending potential review and approval by the ENGINEER. Any approval
given by the ENGINEER for alternate materials and methods is subject to change if performance of the
alternate product or application method is later found to be inferior to the specified materials and
methods. In such cases, the CONTRACTOR shall revert back to the originally specified materials and
application procedures to comply with the specification. The CONTRACTOR shall also remove and
replace installed alternate materials if so directed by the ENGINEER at no cost to the OWNER.

If hydrotest is not completed before application of insulation, unless otherwise directed by the
OWNER, CONTRACTOR shall leave all weld joints open during installation of insulation. After
completion of hydrotesting, CONTRACTOR shall insulate those sections in accordance with this
Specification.

CONTRACTOR shall institute and maintain a quality control program and supporting documentation
to assure compliance with the Specification and generally accepted good workmanship practices of the
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

industry regardless of inspection by the OWNER. The quality control program shall include all items
described in this Specification as a minimum. The documentation shall be available for review by the
OWNER on demand and without notice. Lack of documentation shall be a just cause for the OWNER
to have the insulation systems removed and replaced by the CONTRACTOR and all related costs shall
be to the account of the CONTRACTOR.

4.0 GENERAL DESIGN

4.1 Identification of Insulation Requirements

The type and extent of insulation requirements shall be identified using the following codes on the
P&IDs, pipe line list, equipment drawings, and piping isometrics.

HC Heat conservation
PP For protecting personnel from surface at or above 140°F (60°C)
AC For noise attenuation and control
ST For insulation over steam tracer
ET For insulation over electric tracer
FP For minimizing heat gain during fire conditions

Note: Insulation code AC indicates that weatherproofing jacket over the insulation shall have an
acoustical coating/jacketing per specification MQ-SP-M-4044.

4.2 Determining the Operating Temperature

For non-jacketed piping and equipment, the normal operating temperature of the substrate metal shall
be used.

For steam-jacketed piping and equipment, the jacket fluid temperature shall be considered as the
operating temperature.

For refractory lined items, the metal temperature during normal operating conditions shall be
considered as the operating temperature for insulation purposes if external insulation is specifically
required.

For heat traced PIPING and EQUIPMENT, the operating temperature for the heat tracer shall not be
considered the operating temperature unless otherwise stated by the ENGINEER.

For heat exchangers, the average of the inlet and outlet temperatures of the particular side (shell or tube
side that is being insulated) shall be considered the OPERATING TEMPERATURE except for
personnel protection. For personnel protection, the higher of the inlet and outlet temperatures for the
particular side shall be considered.

For vertical equipment having fluid temperature variations over the equipment length, the operating
temperature of the fluid under the relevant insulated section shall be used and the insulation thickness
may be varied as required over the equipment length.
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4.3 Determining the Insulation Thickness

Tracer and steam-out temperatures shall not be used to determine thermal insulation thickness.

A. INSULATION CODES HC, PP, ET & ST

The insulation thickness shall be determined by using the operating temperature and Insulation
Thickness Chart.

B. INSULATION CODE AC

For acoustic insulation, see specification MQ-SP-M-4044, Acoustic Insulation for Equipment.

C. INSULATION CODE FP

Insulation used as fireproofing shall be a minimum of 4” thick expanded perlite applied in two
layers of 2” thickness each layer, and weatherproofed with 0.010” (0.25 mm) thick, Type 304
stainless steel jacketing.

4.4 Insulation Support

Welded type supports shall be installed in the fabrication shop prior to heat treatment of piping or
equipment.

The use of welded supports by the CONTRACTOR at the jobsite is not allowed. An exception to this
requirement is when the item to be insulated is not heat treated and written approval is given by the
ENGINEER that welding of insulation supports may proceed.

Unless otherwise specified, the insulation supports shall be Type 304 stainless steel for stainless steel
surfaces and carbon steel for carbon steel surfaces.

The width of the supports shall be 1/2 the insulation thickness for single layer insulation. For multiple
layers, the width shall be 1/2” less than the total insulation thickness.

Insulation supports for piping shall be provided and welded-on by the piping fabricator.

Insulation supports for vertical equipment shells shall be welded rings. Support rings shall be on
12’-1” centers. They shall be welded on and provided by the equipment fabricator.

Insulation supports for equipment bottom heads: The supports shall be welded clips suitable for
attaching 3/4” bands, supplied by the fabricator.

Insulation supports for horizontal shells with diameters greater than 8’-0” shall be supplied by the
fabricator.
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Insulation supports for heads of horizontal shells with diameters greater than 8’-0” shall be supplied
by the fabricator.

Insulation supports for storage tanks: The first support ring shall be the bottom base plate. Tanks
14’ O.D. and greater shall have vertical round bars extending one-half the insulation thickness away
from the tank shell spaced on 15 foot centers around the circumference of the tank shell. The bars
shall run within 6” of the top of the tank to within 6” of the tank bottom.

5.0 INSULATION AND ACCESSORY MATERIALS

5.1 General

Items specified or referenced by manufacturer's name and/or number are intended to describe the type
and quality level of the product, and are not intended to be restrictive or to exclude similar items
offered by other manufacturers. All alternative brand name substitutes must be approved by the
ENGINEER prior to use.

All insulation and accessories must be free of asbestos, lead, and other hazardous substances.

Insulation materials shall be non-corrosive, whether wet or dry, and suitably inhibited for application
to steel surfaces. Insulation materials for application to stainless steel shall comply with ASTM C795.

All insulation materials shall be suitably packaged and stored in moisture-proof containers until
installation. Insulation materials, which become moist or damp to touch shall be discarded and are not
permitted to be applied. Drying of moist and damp insulation and its use thereafter is not permitted.

Insulation materials shall be stored in containers at a designated covered area.

Sheets of metallic jacket shall be kept dry to prevent staining.

Mastics shall be stored at temperatures recommended by the Manufacturer.

Materials to be applied over stainless steel shall be handled, transported, shipped, stored, and applied
per ASTM C929.

Materials shall be new and shall be used before the expiration date.

Sealants, mastics and adhesives shall be supplied in factory sealed containers.

Multilayer expanded perlite pipe insulation shall be ordered factory nested.

A chemical analysis shall be provided in accordance with ASTM C871 for all materials to be used on
stainless steel substrates.

The chemical analysis shall not vary by more than 50% from the chemical analysis of the production
lot tested in accordance with ASTM C692.
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

Use of materials other than those specified in this specification requires prior written approval of the
Engineer.

Requests for substitutions of materials shall be included as an alternate in the proposal.

All mastics, cements, adhesives, caulks, labels, marking pens and tapes that come in contact with
stainless steel shall have a maximum leachable chloride content of less than 50 ppm when tested in
accordance with ASTM C871.

5.2 Flexible Insulation Covers

Flexible insulation covers shall be a quilted construction of a layer of thermal insulation between a
stainless steel foil and silicone impregnated or Teflon coated fiberglass cloth. The materials of
construction from the hot side shall be:

1. Knitted stainless steel wire mesh

2. Stainless steel foil, 0.002” (0.051 mm) thick

3. Thermal insulation, 2” thick (ASTM C1086)

4. Silicone impregnated or Teflon coated fiberglass cloth

5. Knitted stainless steel wire mesh

6. Stainless steel or Teflon coated sewing thread

Insulation material shall be 2” thick fiberglass, unsupported needled felt thermal insulation per ASTM
C1086.

Silicone impregnated fiberglass cloth shall have a weight of one pound per square yard and contain a
minimum of 25% silicone by weight, Alpha Maritex Style # 3259-2-SS or approved equal.

Teflon coated fiberglass cloth shall have a weight 0.98 pounds per square yard and a thickness of .008
to .010” (0.2 to 0.254 mm), Energy Control Systems Inc. E.C.S. # 13d or approved equal.

All materials shall be quilted together on maximum of 9” centers with stainless steel quilt anchors and
outer seams shall be sewn together with stainless steel or Teflon coated thread. Sewing shall be double
straight stitched with a minimum of 7 stitches per inch.

The covers shall be of a minimum number of pieces with joints located to eliminate any water
penetration into the insulation or towards the hot facing. The weight of any single piece of the cover
shall not exceed 30 pounds.

The covers shall be constructed so that their natural seam is positioned on the gravitational bottom of
the fitting.
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The covers shall fit tight to the fittings and protrusions and held in place with Velcro straps or belt
loops. They shall be of sufficient width to overlap the adjacent weatherproofing by a minimum of 5”
on each side of the fitting.

Each piece of the cover shall have an embossed metal tag permanently attached with applicable
information such as equipment or pipeline number, size, rating, fitting type.

Valve covers shall include the bonnet cover.

Rainwater Protection: The entire cover shall be covered with a silicone-coated fabric to prevent rain
water from entering the insulation at the seams. The rain protection cover shall extend 6” beyond the
insulation cover and be secured in place with drawstrings.

6.0 PREPARATION FOR INSULATION

6.1 Uninsulated Items

The following items shall not be insulated unless noted otherwise on the drawings or herein.

1. Code inspection plates

2. Drains
3. Dummy supports
4. Flanges in hydrogen service
5. Gauges
6. Internally insulated piping and vessel components.
7. Name plates
8. Pressure taps
9. Pumps
10. Rotating equipment (except steam / gas turbines and boiler feed water pumps)
11. Stampings
12. Steam discharge lines (discharging to atmosphere or closed systems)
13. Steam traps
14. Steam turbines (standby service)
15. Strainers
16. Thermowell bosses
17. Union (except instrument line unions)
18. Valves (except in steam, steam condensate, boiler feed water service or heat traced).
19. Vents
20. Weep holes

In addition to the above limitations, insulation shall not be applied to flanges and valves when the
following conditions apply:

1. Flange bolting is of a low strength category, per ASME/ANSI B16.5

2. The service is classified as category M, per ASME/ANSI B31.3
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3. The system contains H2S in concentrations of 1% or higher

4. Flanges have internal insulation
5. Flanges are in hydrogen rich service above 700 PSI (4830 kPa)
6. Flanges and valves are subject to severe thermal shock.
7. Flanges are located where access is confined, e.g., inside vessel skirts
8. Service is infrequent
9. Flanges are in steam and / or condensate service when used for winter proofing only
10. Flanges are inaccessible for fire fighting

Unless otherwise specified, insulation shall not be applied until completion of the following has been
verified:
 Hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure testing
 Application of required substrate protective coating systems, including touch-up or previously
applied coatings
 Installation and testing of required tracing systems

7.0 INSULATION APPLICATION – GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

7.1 Personnel Protection

Safety insulation shall be applied only if the installation of protective barriers such as guards or metal
mesh is not practical. If safety insulation is required, it shall be limited to surfaces operating at or
above 140°F (60°C) which are within 3’ horizontally and 7’ vertically from accessible areas. The
extent of safety insulation shall be as indicated on the piping isometrics and / or equipment drawings.

For all lines with operating temperatures of 140°F (60°C) and above, guards or screens may be used as
an alternative to insulation. The guards or screens shall be stainless steel, diamond pattern, expanded
metal mesh.

Galvanized guards and screens shall not be used.

Personnel protection by means of insulation is not preferred on piping when the piping system is used
only intermittently. Installation of signs, guards, or screens is preferred in this situation.

Personnel protection insulation is not normally required on vessels and heat exchangers.

7.2 Moisture Protection of Insulation

Rain shields shall be installed at all vertical, or inclined more than 45 above horizontal protrusions and
nozzles. The rain shield may be formed by cutting 0.040” (1 mm) thick aluminum sheet in the shape of
a washer. The inside diameter cut piece shall be 1.25d and outside diameter shall be 2.5d where d is
the diameter of the projection through the insulation. It shall be slit radially, formed as a cone around
the projection with its base on the insulation weatherproofing and edges held together with a self-
tapping screw. The base of the rain shield shall be adjusted so that rain water will freely drain without
entering the insulation system. Substitution of flashing compound for rain shield is not allowed.
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Metal flashing shall be installed at the bottom insulation support of insulated shells of vessels, tanks
and equipment. The flashing shall start 4” under the vertical weatherproofing, cover the bottom
support ring width and bent 90 over the edge of the insulation support ring. (Caulking between
insulation weatherproofing and insulation support ring is not allowed as a substitution for metal
flashing).

Heavy fillets of flashing compound shall be applied at all points where metal flashing is not practical
and insulation is exposed to weather or where there is a possibility of water ingress into the insulation
system.

8.0 INSULATION APPLICATION FOR PIPING AND RELATED ITEMS

8.1 General

Insulation materials and accessories shall be as specified in Section 15.0, Insulation Materials Schedule
and Section 16.0, Weatherproofing and Fasteners Schedule.

Insulation and weatherproofing for piping and equipment shall be as specified in Section 17.0,
Insulation Materials and Weatherproofing Application Schedule. Insulation and weatherproofing shall
be secured with fasteners as specified in Section 18.0, Fasteners Application Schedule.

Insulation thicknesses for insulation codes ET, HC, PP and ST shall be as specified in Section 19.0,
Insulation Thickness Chart.

The Application of the base insulation materials and the weatherproofing shall be in accordance with
the requirements stated in the applicable sections of this Specification.

Quality control and quality assurance of the insulation materials and application shall be in accordance
with the quality control section of this Specification.

Insulation shall be stopped short of flange connections at a distance of the bolt length plus 1” to permit
removal of the bolts without damage occurring to the insulation.

Insulation shall be applied without gaps and voids. Any gaps and voids, when present, shall be filled
with material similar to the adjacent insulation material.

All joints in the insulation shall be tight.

8.2 Piping

The insulation inner diameter shall be at least equal to the size, which will accommodate the pipe
system and the tracer without causing any gaps at the insulation joints. The insulation shall not be
grooved or compressed to accommodate the tracer(s).
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Tracer union connections shall be located outside the insulation. Tracer loops, which extend outside
the insulation shall be insulated with insulation tape using a 50% overlap, and weatherproofed with
waterproofing mastic.

Pipe shall be insulated with preformed pipe cover. Where preformed covers are not commercially
available, block and board insulation may be used.

Pipe insulation shall be secured with wire if the insulation outside diameter is less than 6". Bands
(1/2” wide) shall be used when the insulation outside diameter is more than 6". The maximum spacing
of wire shall not exceed 9” and bands shall not exceed 12”. Securement of fittings shall be as required
to hold the insulation segments tightly together.

The circumferential joints in the second and succeeding layers of insulation shall be staggered by
approximately 6” from the circumferential joints of preceding layers.

One of the longitudinal joints in the pipe insulation shall be located as follows:

1. Single /1st layer: 3 o'clock position

2. 2nd layer: 4 o'clock position

3. 3rd layer: 5 o'clock position

Double layer insulation, with all joints staggered, shall be applied when the insulation thickness is 3.5”
or greater.

Insulation for pipe with shoes shall be continuous without any cut back. Insulation, other than
acoustical insulation, for pipe resting directly on supports shall be cut back a distance of 6” from the
support only on the side of the pipe anchor.

Gaps and voids in the insulation shall be filled with insulating cement and allowed to dry. If the size
and/or the number of cracks in the rigid insulation are excessive, the ENGINEER may direct the
CONTRACTOR to remove and replace such segments.

Insulation expansion joints shall be installed in single layer rigid insulation systems such as expanded
perlite insulation systems to compensate for pipe expansion.

Unless otherwise indicated on the drawings, the following may be used as a guide for expanded perlite
insulation system. An insulation fiber strip, noted in the following paragraph, shall be cut from a 2”
wide piece of fibrous blanket insulation. The thickness of the strip shall be equal to the insulation
thickness on the pipe. The insulation strip shall be capable of withstanding the operating temperature
of the pipe system.

Expansion joints shall be one inch wide. Each expansion joint shall consist of 2” wide strip of mineral
fiber blanket located between 2 adjacent sections of insulation. The strip shall be compressed to a
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Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

minimum 1” from its original 2” dimension. The outer surface of the insulation fiber shall be flush
with the rigid insulation.

For operating temperatures above 300°F (149°C), the insulation expansion joints shall be installed on
18 foot centers starting with the pipe anchor (or tee for branches) and then from elbow thereafter.

8.3 Pipe Elbows

Screwed pipe elbows shall be insulated with preformed fitting covers, or insulating cement to the
thickness equal to the adjacent pipe insulation thickness.

Welded pipe elbows shall be insulated with preformed elbow insulation covers where commercially
available and mitered elbow covers where not.

Pipe insulation, miter cut to fit the elbows is an acceptable alternate to the preformed rigid elbow
insulation cover.

Insulation elbows whose outside diameter is less than 6" shall be secured with wires. Elbows whose
outside diameter is 6" larger shall be secured in place with at least three bands, located on each end of
the elbow, and in the middle.

8.4 Pipe Supports

Where the pipe is supported by a shoe and requires acoustical insulation, the entire shoe shall be
insulated with acoustical insulation and a Teflon pad shall be placed between the shoe and the
supporting steel.

Where the pipe is supported by spring hangers and hanger rods and requires acoustical insulation, the
pipe shall be fully insulated, weatherproofed, and placed in a preformed cradle before being supported.

Insulation inside the cradles shall be a load bearing type insulation such as expanded perlite.

Single layer insulation system(s): Insulation expansion joints shall be installed on both sides of the
cradle for operating temperatures above 300°F (149°C).

Multiple layer insulation system(s): Circumferential joints of cradle and pipe insulation shall be
staggered by a minimum of two times the total insulation thickness on both sides of the cradle. The
circumferential joint in the outer layer shall be at a distance of 6” from the cradle.

8.5 Pipe Expansion Joints

Pipe expansion bellows shall be insulated with flexible insulation covers per paragraph 5.2.

Pipe insulation shall be stopped 6” short of the bellows location. Flexible insulation covers shall be
installed over the bellows protective cover and overlap the adjacent pipe insulation by a minimum of
2” on both sides. The thickness of the cover over the protective cover of the expansion bellows shall
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

be same as the thickness of the pipe insulation. The longitudinal joint shall be tightly laced with
stainless steel wire. The joint shall be tight without any gap. The flexible cover shall be secured in
place with a stainless steel band located on each end.

9.0 WEATHERPROOFING OF INSULATED PIPING AND RELATED ITEMS

9.1 General

Metallic jacket circumferential sections shall be overlapped a minimum of 3”, arranged to shed water,
and located at 3 o'clock or 6 o'clock position. Longitudinal overlaps shall not be staggered.

Metallic jacketing over insulated piping shall be secured with bands located on 12” centers. Each
circumferential overlap shall be banded.

The metal fitting covers shall be tightly fastened with screws located on 3” maximum centers.
Overlaps on adjacent pipe jacket shall be arranged to shed water.

Gaps in metallic jacketing shall not be present at the intersection of the branch and header on tees and
stub-ins. Metallic jacketing overlaps and seams shall be arranged in such a way to avoid moisture
penetration into the insulation.

Metallic jacketing over vertical pipe shall be supported on 4” long S-clips constructed of 3/4” bands.
The clips shall be equally spaced with one clip at the overlap. The minimum number of S-clips shall
be 2 for pipe sizes 6" NPS and smaller, and 4 for pipe sizes over 6" NPS.

A watertight metallic termination cover shall be installed where pipe insulation terminates. Overlap of
the cover over the adjacent metal jacket shall be secured with sheet metal screws installed on 3”
centers. The extension of the covers shall be held in place with a band.

At each overlap of metal sheets on horizontal pipe, the overlap must have sealant between the sheets to
prevent ingress of rainwater into the insulation system. Also flashing or caulking compound shall be
applied at all other possible sources of moisture penetration.

Weatherproofing over expansion joint bellows shall be marked as follows:

"DO NOT STEP ON. INSULATED PIPE EXPANSION JOINT"

10.0 INSULATION APPLICATION FOR EQUIPMENT (EXCEPT TANKS)

10.1 General

Vessels, heat exchangers, and equipment shall be completely insulated. Insulation on the support skirt
for vertical vessels which are not fireproofed shall be 2’-0” below the tangent line or to the top of the
fireproofing if the skirt is fireproofed.
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

Insulation shall be applied to fit the contour of the equipment surface with all sections of the insulation
staggered and held in place with bands as required to maintain there insulation without gaps.

The bottom head shall be insulated. Piping inside the skirt shall be insulated if the rest of the pipe is
insulated and insulated and traced if the rest of the pipe is insulated and traced.

The insulation on the shell shall be secured with 3/4” wide bands applied at maximum spacing of 12”
unless otherwise noted on the drawings. Each band shall have breather springs to accommodate
expansion and contraction of the shell. The number of springs per band shall be calculated as follows
(fractions should be rounded up to the next whole number):

Number of springs = 0.00030*D*(OT-21) for carbon steel shells

= 0.00045*D*(OT-21) for stainless steel shells

Where D = Diameter of the shell in feet

OT = Operating temperature, °F

Banding of insulation over the heads of horizontal equipment and top heads of vertical equipment shall
be as follows:

A floating ring, large enough to clear the center nozzle flange, if one exists, shall be made from a
¼”diameter stainless steel rod. This ring shall be placed in the center of the head. A girth ring, made
from 2 bands shall be installed on the shell at approximately 12” away from the tangent line of the
head. Bands shall be run radially from the floating ring to the girth ring. The radial bands shall be
spaced at 12” maximum centers on the girth ring.

Stiffener rings shall be insulated. It is imperative that the insulation joints be fabricated to form a tight
fit and banded together tightly. The insulation thickness must be maintained on the entire surface of
the stiffener. The insulation shall be banded to the shell at the top, middle, and bottom of the stiffener.

Insulation shall be applied behind the nameplate mounting brackets and access ways, when possible.

11.0 WEATHERPROOFING OF INSULATED EQUIPMENT (EXCEPT TANKS)

11.1 General

All weatherproofing and fasteners shall be as specified in Section 16.0. Insulation and
Weatherproofing Application Schedule shall be specified in Section 17.0. Fastener Application
Schedule shall be specified in Section 18.0.

Metallic jacketing overlaps and seams shall be arranged to shed water.

At each circumferential overlap of metal sheets on horizontal equipment, the overlap must have sealant
applied between the sheets to prevent ingress of rainwater into the insulation system. Also, flashing or
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Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

caulking compound shall be applied at all other possible sources of moisture penetration. Seams shall
be watertight and weather tight.

Circumferential overlaps at the top tangent lines, transitions, and stiffeners shall be a minimum of 6”.
All other circumferential overlaps shall be a minimum of 3”.

On Vertical vessels and equipment, S-Clips shall be used to keep the jacket sheets from sliding down.
The length of the S-clip shall equal the overlap. They shall be spaced on 2’-0” centers but not less than
3 per each metal sheet.

Strapping assembly: The strapping system for the insulation jacketing to be fastened to insulated
shells shall consist of an assembly of 25’ long individual ¾” wide bands, held together with
compression springs and closed seals. The strapping system shall be installed on the jacketing of the
shell insulation at 12” maximum centers. One strapping assembly shall be located on each
circumferential overlap, which shall pass through the S-clips. All other strapping assemblies shall be
supported by J-clips, fastened to the jacket with screws, to prevent them from sliding down. The J-
clips shall be spaced on 6’-0” maximum centers but not less than 4 per each strapping assembly.
When tensioning the strapping assembly, each spring unit shall be compressed a total of 0.5” (0.25” for
each half of the spring unit).

Band seals shall be closed type. Wing type seals are not permitted.

Screws shall be installed as follows at the following maximum centers:

1. On the longitudinal overlap at 6” centers

2. On the overlaps of gores 3” centers

3. On the overlaps of flashing rings 3” centers

Top and horizontal heads of equipment: A minimum of 6” shall be turned down and overlap the shell
jacketing. The jacketing shall be formed to fit the contour of the insulation. All seams shall be made
up using a lock-seam construction and be secured with screws spaced on 3” centers. The head
jacketing overlap shall be fastened to the jacketing on the shell with sheet metal screws spaced on 3”
centers. The head jacketing shall also be secured in place at the circumferential overlap with a band.

Transitions and stiffener rings: All seams shall be made up by lock-seam construction with screws
spaced on 3” centers. The jacketing shall extend under the upper shell jacketing a minimum of 6” and
down over the lower shell jacketing a minimum of 6”. The overlap shall be fastened to the jacketing
on the shell with sheet metal screws spaced on 3” centers.

Vertical shells: Longitudinal overlaps of corrugated metallic jacket sections shall be a minimum of
one and one half corrugations but not less than 3”. Longitudinal overlaps of non-corrugated metallic
jacket sections shall be a minimum of 3”.
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
Contract Number Page 22 of 28
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

Horizontal shells: Sheets of corrugated and non-corrugated metal jacketing shall be placed parallel to
the longitudinal direction, overlapped a minimum of 3”and installed to shed rainwater.

12.0 INSULATION AND WEATHERPROOFING FOR ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TANKS

12.1 General

Shop fabricated tank insulation panels may be used for insulating and weatherproofing aboveground
storage tanks subject to the OWNER/ENGINEER'S approval. Complete details of the panels shall be
submitted for the ENGINEER'S approval prior to use.

If roof insulation is required, the CONTRACTOR shall submit a proposal to insulate affected tank
roofs based on the size, shape and flex, operating temperature, and roof stiffeners for each tank.

Insulation for roof walk areas shall be expanded perlite block.

If panel systems are not economical for the tank shells the insulation and weatherproofing materials
shall be as noted in this Specification.

Application of the insulation and weatherproofing shall be similar to that of vessels except the banding
shall be anchored to the vertical tie rods.

13.0 QUALITY CONTROL

13.1 General

The CONTRACTOR is solely responsible for all quality control activities and documentation.

The CONTRACTOR shall have in effect at all times, a quality control program, which clearly
establishes the authority and responsibility of those responsible for the quality system. Persons
performing quality control functions shall have sufficient and well-defined authority to enforce quality
requirements that initiate, identify, recommend, and provide solutions to quality problems and verify
the effectiveness of the corrective action.

A copy of the CONTRACTOR’s quality control program shall be submitted for the Engineer's review
and approval prior to starting insulation application.

The insulation system shall be inspected during the following stages by OWNER or OWNER’s
REPRESENTATIVE:

1. At the time of material receipt

2. Before applying the insulation

3. During insulation application

Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

4. Before and during weatherproofing

13.2 Quality Control of Materials

Verify materials received at the site are same as the specified or approved materials. Such checks shall
include verification of labels, material safety data sheets, delivery receipts, and thicknesses.
Unspecified, unapproved, and damaged insulation, weatherproofing, and accessories shall be removed
from the site.

Ensure that storage of materials will protect them from being damaged by moisture, wind or any other
atmospheric factors.

Ensure that the insulation is clean, dry and fit for its intended purpose before weather-proofing is
applied.

13.3 Quality Control - Before Applying Insulation

Quality control activities shall include at least the following prior to insulation application:

1. If the pipe or equipment to be insulated is heat treated, inform all insulators that welding of
insulation supports is strictly prohibited.

2. Verify that pressure tests have been completed.

3. Verify that surfaces to be insulated are clean and dry.

4. Verify that painting at protrusions through insulation has been done, if required.

5. Inspect the insulation supports for correct location, type, width, and length.

13.4 Quality Control - During Insulation Application

Quality control activities shall include at least the following during insulation application:

1. Make sufficient checks to verify that the materials applied are the same as the specified or
approved materials.

2. Verify the insulated items, insulation code, thickness and weatherproofing.

3. Verify that the insulation surface is uniform without gaps and voids.

4. Inspect for tightness of joints and fasteners.

5. Inspect the location of bands.

6. Verify that the insulation at the bellows type expansion joints is properly installed.
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

7. Verify the insulation segments are properly staggered especially at cradles and at changes in
directions.

13.5 Quality Control - Before and During Weatherproofing

Quality control activities shall include at least the following prior to and during weatherproofing:

1. Verify that the insulation is completely dry and free from gaps.

2. Inspect for proper overlaps of metal and flashing.

3. Verify the application of sealant at the circumferential overlaps of metal jacketing on horizontal
pipe and equipment.

4. Verify that the location of bands, screws, S-clips, J-clips, and breather springs are as specified.

5. Ensure the moisture protection and weatherproofing at cut outs, protrusions, and locations where
moisture could enter the insulation is appropriately applied.

14.0 SAFETY AND HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS

The CONTRACTOR shall take appropriate preventive measures and precautions to reduce personal exposure
to hazardous dust and fibers. All such measures shall fully comply with the local, state and federal
regulations regarding health and safety.

All insulation must be labeled to identify that no asbestos is present.

All bands (strapping) shall be blue to identify “non-asbestos containing materials”.

15.0 INSULATION MATERIALS SCHEDULE

Material Operating Applicable Product

Temp Limit Standard Reference
Expanded perlite - Pipe cover and flat block 1200F/649C ASTM C610

Glass fiber felt 1200F/649C ASTM C1086

Insulating cement 1200F/649C ASTM C449

Mineral fiber - preformed pipe cover 1200F/649C ASTM C547

Mineral fiber - blanket 1200F/649C ASTM C553

Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

16.0 WEATHERPROOFING AND FASTENERS SCHEDULE

Material Description
Aluminum jacketing ASTM B209, aluminum alloy 3003 or 5005-H14 with
factory applied polysurlyn moisture barrier
Thicknesses: 0.016” and 0.020” (nominal)
Finish: smooth or stucco embossed
Corrugations: 3/16”, 1 1/4”
Aluminum fitting and termination covers ASTM B209, aluminum alloy 3003 or 5005-H14 with
factory applied polysurlyn moisture barrier, 0.024”
minimum thickness
Acoustical jacketing ASTM B209, aluminum alloy 3003 or 5005-H14 with
factory applied acoustical coating 0.010” thick viscoelastic
film adhesive having STC rating of 23 and weighing 0.537
lbs./sq. ft. The metal thickness shall be 0.016”.
Product reference: Childers Muffl-Jac Lead Free
Stainless steel jacketing ASTM A167 Stainless steel jacketing 0.010” thick, Type
304
Bands (strapping) to be colored blue AISI Type 304 SS, annealed tempered
1/2” wide by 0.016” for insulation OD ≤ 24"
3/4” wide by 0.020” for insulation OD > 24"
Wire Soft annealed Type 304 SS, 16 gauge
Seals - wing type AISI Type 304 SS, hard temper, wing type 0.032” thick, to
match the band width
Seals - closed type AISI Type 304 (18-8) hard temper stainless steel to match
band size, 0.032” thick
S-clips AISI Type 304 SS 3/4” by 0.020” thick
Product reference: Childers S clips
Breather springs AISI Type 304 SS, 4” long by 1” wide by 1/8” thick
Product reference: Childers Chil-Springs, RPR Insul-
Mate
Compression springs Compression springs shall be assembled from components
of Type 304 stainless steel and similar to Childers MITY-
SPRING compression springs
Screws AISI Type 304 SS, self tapping, slotted hex head with
neoprene backed washers, #8 by 1/2” long
Flashing compound Flexible nonshrinking permeable type, resistant to 200F
Product Reference: Childers Chil-Joint CP-70
Sealant Non-shrinking, permanently flexible sealant
Product reference: Childers Chil-Joint CP-70 Sealant
Insulation Tape Fiberglass woven flat tape, 1/8” thick by 2” wide
Product Reference: LEWCO Specialty Products FT60
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

17.0 INSULATION AND WEATHERPROOFING APPLICATION SCHEDULE

The materials listed below are applicable to insulation codes AC, HC, PP, ST, ET and FP1.

Items to be Insulated Insul. Base Insulation Weatherproofing

Codes Band
Material Thick- Corrugation Seals
ness
Access ways, flanges, All Flexible N/A N/A N/A N/A
flanged fittings, flanged Insulation
valves, flanged channels, Covers
heads of heat exchangers,
instruments, pumps, relief
devices
PIPING AND FITTINGS
Pipe , all sizes HC, PP, Expanded Perlite Aluminum 0.16” 3/16 Wing
ST, ET,
FP
AC Mineral Fiber Aluminum 0.020” 3/16 Wing
Screwed fittings HC, PP, Insulated cement Aluminum 0.024” None Wing
ST, ET, or preformed
FP fittings
Welded fittings HC, PP, Expanded Perlite Aluminum 0.024” None Wing
ST, ET,
FP
AC Mineral Fiber Aluminum 0.024” None Wing
Bellows type expansion All Flexible Silicone or None Wing
joints Insulation Teflon
Covers Cloth
VESSEL AND HEAT EXCHANGERS
Top heads All Expanded Perlite Aluminum 0.020” None Closed
Bottom and horizontal All Expanded Perlite Aluminum 0.020” None Closed
heads
Vertical shells All Expanded Perlite Aluminum 0.020” 1-1/4 Closed
Horizontal All Expanded Perlite Aluminum 0.020” 3/16 Closed
FIELD FABRICATED ABOVEGROUND STORAGE TANKS
Shells, bottom 18” HC, ST, Cellular Glass Aluminum 0.020” 2-1/2 Closed
ET
Shells, above lower 18” HC, ST, Mineral Fiber Aluminum 0.020” 2-1/2 Closed
ET

Note 1: See Paragraph 4.3.D for insulation and weatherproofing materials when Insulation Code FP is indicated.
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
Contract Number Page 27 of 28
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

18.0 FASTENERS APPLICATION SCHEDULE

Insulated Item Insulation Insulation Weatherproofing

Outside
Fastener / Max Springs Fastener Max Springs
Diameter
Seals Spacing Spacing
Pipe and elbows ≤ 6" Wire 9” N/A ½” bands, 12” None
Wing type
> 6" and Bands / 12” NA ½” bands, 12” None
≤ 24" wing type Wing type
Pipe fitting and All sizes N/A N/A N/A Screws 3” None
termination
covers
Equipment shells All sizes Band / 12” Expansion 3/4” bands, 12” Compressio
(Horizontal and Closed type Closed type n type
Vertical) type
Equipment heads All sizes Bands / 12” None 3/4” bands, 12” None
(Top, bottom, and Closed Closed type
horizontal) type
Equipment - All sizes N/A N/A N/A Screws 12”
longitudinal
overlaps of
metallic jacketing
Equipment - All sizes N/A N/A N/A 3/4” bands, None Compressio
circumferential Closed type n type
overlaps of
metallic jacketing
Equipment- head All sizes N/A N/A N/A Screws 3” None
cover overlaps on
shell jacket gores,
flashing rings
Power and Water Utility Company for Jubail and Yanbu (MARAFIQ) Master Specification MQ-SP-M-4045
Project Name Date: 14 Apr 2011
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SPECIFICATION FOR HOT INSULATION

19.0 INSULATION THICKNESS CHART

The following table is valid for the following design conditions:

Insulation: Expanded perlite

Emissivity: 0.30
Ambient Temperature: 70F
Wind Velocity: 7 miles per hour
Weatherproofing: Aluminum
Maximum Allowable Surface Temperature: 140F
This chart requires recalculation and adjustment for other design and economic factors. The following chart
contains the maximum operating temperature in F up to which the indicated thickness is suitable. (Example: A 6"
NPS operating at 650F will require a 3” thickness.

NPS Operating Temperature F

Inches 251 351 451 551 651 751 851 951 1051 1151
to to to to to to to to to to to
250 350 450 550 650 750 850 950 1050 1150 1250
1/2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 2.5 3.0 4.0 4.5
3/4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.5 4.5
1 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.0
1-1/2 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 5.5
2 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.5 6.0
3 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 6.5
4 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.0 6.5 7.0
6 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.5 8.0
8 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 8.0 8.5
10 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.5 8.0 9.0
12 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.5 9.0
14 1.5 1.5 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.5 9.5
16 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.0 7.0 9.0 9.5
18 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 8.0 9.0 9.5
20 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 8.0 9.0 10.0
24 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 4.5 5.5 6.5 8.0 9.5 10.5
30 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.5 6.5 8.0 10.0 10.5
36 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 10.0 11.0
Equipment 1.5 2.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 10.0 11.0
Note: Right side of heavy lines require DOUBLE LAYER, TRIPLE or QUADRUPLE LAYER application
of insulation