EXPRESSING CONTRAST

These sentence connectors are used to emphasize the fact that the second point contradicts

with the first. (Konektor kalimat ini digunakan untuk menekankan fakta bahwa poin kedua bertentangan

dengan yang pertama).

o Unexpected Result
Adverb Clauses (meskipun) (a ) Even though it was cold, I went swimming.

even though ( b) Although it was cold, I went swimming.

although ( c) Though it was cold, I went swimming.

though

Conjunctions but . . . anyway ( d ) It was cold, but I went swimming anyway.

but . . . still ( e ) It was cold, but I still went swimming.

yet . . . still ( f ) It was cold, yet I still went swimming.

Transitions Nevertheless (namun) (g ) It was cold. Nevertheless, I went swimming.

Nonetheless (meskipun begitu) (h ) It was cold; nonetheless, I went swimming.

however. . . still (namun … ( i ) It was cold. However, I still went swimming.

masih)

Prepositions (meskipun) ( j ) I went swimming despite the cold weather.

Despite ( k) I went swimming in spite of the cold weather.

in spite of (l) I went swimming despite the fact that the weather w

(terlepas dari kenyataan itu) (m) I went swimming in spite of the fact that the weathe

despite the fact that

in spite of the fact that

o “This" is the opposite of “that." ("Ini" adalah kebalikan dari "itu".)

Ex: Mary is rich, but John is poor.

John is poor, but Mary is rich.

  EXPRESSING CAUSE AND EFFECT
Cause and effect is a relationship between events or things, where one is the result of the other or
others. This is a combination of action and reaction. (Sebab dan akibat adalah hubungan antara
peristiwa atau hal-hal, di mana satu adalah hasil dari yang lain atau yang lain. Ini adalah kombinasi aksi
dan reaksi.)

o Using Because Of and Due To (karena, disebabkan oleh)

1. Because of the cold weather, we stayed home
2. Due to the cold weather, we stayed home.
3. We stayed home because of the cold weather.
4. We stayed home due to the cold weather

o Using Therefore, Consequently, and So (karena itu, akibatnya, jadi)

1. Al didn’t study. Therefore, he failed the test.
2. Al didn’t study. Consequently, he failed the test.
3. Al didn’t study, so he failed the test.