Republic of the Philippines

NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE

SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

ASSESSMENT FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE

MUNICIPALITY OF ESTANCIA

A Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of
Northern Iloilo Polytechnic State College

In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirements

For the Grade 12 Curriculum
S.Y. 2019-2020

by

Maryanni V. Cudilla, Carla M. Lanay

Wilhem B. Apid, Paul A. Asupra
Airen A. Biboso

February 2020
 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Solid waste management is reducing and eliminating adverse

impacts of waste materials on human health and the environment to

support economic development and superior quality of life

(Leblanc, 2019). Solid waste management is one of the most vital

issues in the contemporary urban environments particularly in

developing countries. It remained difficult and undisputable

environmental problem worldwide and due to increase in human

population, industrial and technological circulation result in a

corresponding increase in the rate of utilization of the highest

point of development in the production of huge amount of waste.

Handling of waste is discriminated and undisciplined behavior of

proper disposal of waste that lead to environmental degradations,

destructions of habitat on different species of animals and poses

great risk to public health (Pattnaik & Reddy, 2010).

Managing waste can be challenging for industrial, commercial

and institutional sectors. Organization must deal with a wide

variety of materials, large volume of waste and behavior of

individual. There is no specific action that will best fit in the

 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

needs of sector organization. However, a strategic solid waste

management planning approach will to define solid solution

(Zavodska,2010).

Another factor that can help lessen the garbage is through

recycle. Recycling is well-known for its environmental benefits,

which include resource conservation, energy conservation and

reduces in water and air pollution (New Jersey Wastewise Business

Network, 2013).

According to Davies, et al, (2005), solving the problems in

solid waste is influenced by varied factors. According to

previous researches human behavior and personality are some of

the factors on the problems of solid waste management. Practical

reasons for behavior are primarily related to factors such as the

provision of facilities in accessible locations, the time

available to deal with waste, their life-stage and the size of

household. Explanation for behavior that invoked responsibilities

is referred to a concept of wider societal duty (even duty toward

that respondents felt they had citizens). Proper waste management

is considered one part of this civic city. In some cases, the

influence of cultural norms was suggested as an explanation for

waste management behavior. Most respondent felt that improved

education both formal and informal, about positive waste

 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

management behavior was pivotal for reducing the amount of waste

produced and dealing with it more benignly. However, they were

also clear that the target audience and information has to be

provided from sources that are trusted by the recipients to be

effective. (Davies, et al, 2005).

Furthermore, solid waste management gives the protection

towards the danger that can be caused due to the improper waste

disposal and it will also give knowledge about the difference

that the implementation can make in the community.

The purpose of the study is to know the impact of solid waste

management in 3 selected barangays in the Municipality of

Estancia.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

This study will be anchored to the Theory of Planned

Behavior. It is a theory that links one’s belief and behavior.

Based on this theory, the intention toward behavior, subjective

norms, and perceived behavioral control, together shape an

individual’s behavioral intentions and behavior. By this account,

the immediate causes of human social behavior are neither

mysterious nor outside conscious awareness. Behavior is performed

not automatically or mindlessly but follows reasonably and

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NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

consistently from behavior-relevant information available to us

(Ajzen, 2012). Implementation of solid waste management requires

behavioral control of the people in the community. In order to

develop an effective program encouraging recycling and

segregation behavior, intentions of the people to recycle and

segregate must be known.

Community mapping is an effective tool for understanding a

community but it does not address possible ways to change

people’s behavior (Apinhapath, 2014). The Theory of Planned

behavior is the basis for this study of segregation and recycling

behavior for it offers method for changing the habits of the

people. Solutions must be done in collaboration of everyone.

Figure 1 presents the paradigm of the study.

Independent Dependent
Variables Variable
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NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

Area of residence Solid waste management

Figure 1. This figure shows the relationship of the variables.

Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the 3

barangays in the Municipality of Estancia regarding the impact of

solid waste management to the residents.

Specifically, it sought answer to the following

questions.

1. What are the factors that even though rules and policies are

implemented in every barangay, wastes are still improperly

disposed?

2. What are the possible contributions of the residents in

order to help their barangay progress?

3. What is the impact of solid waste management in every

selected barangay?
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NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
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Estancia, Iloilo

4.What is the impact of solid waste management in the lives of

every respondents?

5.What are the possibilities in percentage (%) that community

will follow the implemented rules?

Hypothesis

Based on the questions provided above, the researchers

made an alternative hypothesis.

There is a significant difference on the assessment for

implementation of solid waste management in the municipality of

Estancia when surveyed according to the area of the residents.

Significance of the Study

This study has bearings to the following:

Barangay Officials. The result of this study may provide

them concrete and sufficient information about the status of the

solid waste management in their barangays. This study may give

an idea on how to determine the areas where solid waste

management is poorly practiced. As a result, it will encourage

the barangay officials to look for solutions in order to solve

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NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

problems effectively based on the comprehensive solid waste

management ordinance of the municipality.

Municipal Officials. Through this study the Municipal

Official may acquire information about the solid waste

management status in the land. There is an existing ordinance

known as Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Ordinance which

aims to reduce the flow of garbage in order to make the town

clean and habitable. This study may provide necessary measure to

improve the program. As a result, it may give honor not just to

themselves (Municipal Officials) but also to the community.

Community. This study may help decrease the solid waste

problem in the community. Through this study, the respondents

may live peacefully in a habitable place wherein the area is

free from any health risks that is caused by improper waste

disposal and for them to appreciate the beauty of nature.

Students. This study may change the environmental

perspective and concerns of the students. It may help the

students love and protect the environment because this is the

only planet that can shelter human beings and support life.

Future Researchers. The result of the study may help other

researchers to have an idea or reference in their own study

about solid waste management.

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NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study is primarily focused in one of the main

problems of the Municipality of Estancia which is the solid

waste management. The researchers are going to select 3

barangays according to their waste generation rates. The names

of the barangays are as follows: Barangay Botongon, Barangay

Zone 2 and Barangay Zone 3. In barangay Botongon and Barangay

Zone 3, the researchers will randomly choose 30 respondents each

and another 40 respondents in Barangay Zone 2 with the total of

100 respondents in all. Then, the researchers will utilize open

–question questionnaire to make an account and as an assessment

to serve data analysis and further evaluation regarding to the

solid waste management.

This study will be conducted randomly in every barangay in

the Municipality of Estancia.

Definition of Terms

For the purpose of clarification, the following terms were

defined conceptually and operationally:

Assessment is the action or an instance of making a

judgement about something (Merriam Webster, 2020).

In this study, it refers to the method of classifying or

identifying one’s way of thinking and determine the ideas that

 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

are given out by the are given out by the people in the

community.

Implementation is the carrying out, execution, or practice

of a plan, a method, or any design, idea, model, specification,

standard or policy for doing something, as such, implementation

is the action that must follow any preliminary thinking in order

for something to actually happen (Ehrens, 2015).

In this study, it refers to the process of executing a

plan so that concept will become a reality.

Recycling is regarded an efficient measure to reduce the

cost of collection, transportation, and treatment of waste

(Apinhapath, 2014).

In this study, it refers to the alternative that can help

lessen the amount of solid waste that are being disposed

improperly in the community and for the people to appreciate the

usefulness of some things that are being thrown away.

Residents refers to the people who living in a particular

place usually for a long period of time (Merriam webster, 2020).

In this study, it refers to the respondents of the random

places of barangay of municipality of Estancia, Iloilo.

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NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

Solid Waste Management is the one thing just about city

government provides for its residents. While service level,

environmental impacts and costs vary dramatically, solid waste

management is arguably the most important municipal service and

serves as a prerequisite for other municipal action (Hoornweg,

et. Al,2012).

In this study, it serves as a factor that can help the

people improve the cleanliness and orderliness of the

municipality in order for it to provide a healthy community for

all.

Solid Waste Materials it includes garbage, construction

debris, commercials refuse, sludge from water supply or waste

treatment plants, of air pollution control facilities and other

discarded materials (Idaho Public Health, 2020).

In this study it refers to the discarded and unwanted

solid materials that should be disposed and managed properly.

These materials include kind of papers, food scarps, empty

bottles, tin cans, leaves, waste tires, electronic waste and

others that are sound scattering in their residences.

Waste Management is a commonly used name and defined as

the application of techniques to ensure an orderly execution of

the various functions of collection, transport, processing,

 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

treatment, and disposal of waste (Energy from Toxic Organic

Waste for Heat and Power Generation, 2019).

In this study, it serves as a factor that can help the

people improve the cleanliness and orderliness of the

municipality in order for it to provide a healthy community for

all.

CHAPTER II
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NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

Review of Related Literature

Solid Waste Management

Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to

the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It is also

offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to

garbage or trash (CEF, 2017). According to Britannica, "Solid

Waste Management" is the collecting, treating and disposing of

solid material that is discarded because it has served its

purpose or it’s no longer useful (Conserve Energy Fortune,

2020).

Solid waste management is defined as the discipline

associated with control of generation, storage, collection,

transport or transfer, processing and disposal of solid waste

materials in a way that best addresses the range of public

health, conservation, economic, aesthetic, engineering, and

other environmental considerations. In its scope, solid waste

management includes planning, administrate, financial,

engineering, and legal functions (Leblanc 2019).

Solid waste has various sources which produce foul smell

if it is not stored and treated properly and can pollute the

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NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

surrounding air and can seriously affect the health of humans,

wildlife, and the environment. The following are the major

sources of solid waste: a. Residential where garbage from these

places include food wastes, plastics, paper, glass, leather,

cardboard, metals yard wastes, ashes and special wastes like

bulky household items electronics, tries, batteries, old

mattresses and used oil; b. Industrial where industries are

known to be one of the biggest contributors of solid waste. They

include light and heavy manufacturing industries, construction

sites, fabrication plants, canning plants, power and chemical

plants; c. Commercial where facilities and buildings are yet

another source of solid waste today. These refers to hotels,

markets, restaurants, go downs, stores and office buildings.

Some solid wastes generated from these places include plastics,

food waste, metals, papers, glass, wood, cardboard materials,

special wastes and other hazardous wastes; d. Institutional

where it centers like schools, colleges, prisons, military

barracks, and other government centers. It also produce solid

wastes like glass, rubber waste, plastics, food waste, wood and

etc.; e. Construction and Demolition Area, in this sites

produces solid waste like steel materials, concrete, wood,

plastics, rubber, copper wires, dirt, and glass; f. Municipal

Services, produce solid waste which include street cleaning,

 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

wastes from parks and beaches, wastes water treatment plants,

landscaping wastes, and waste from recreational areas including

sludge; g. Treatment Plant and Sites, it produces among solid

wastes like plastics, unwanted specification products, and metal

parts; h. Agriculture is one main source of solid waste as it

produce agricultural wastes, spoiled food, pesticide containers,

and other hazardous materials; i. Biomedical where it refers to

the hospital and biomedical equipment and chemical manufacturing

firms. Some of these solid waste produced include syringes,

bandages, used gloves, drugs, papers, plastics, food waste and

chemicals (Conserve Energy Future, 2017).

Related Studies

Solid Wastes

According to the study of Torbert, Gebhart, and Busby

(2011), one possible method to relieve this waste problem is to

reduce the volume of municipal solid waste or utilize waste in

methods other than landfilling. Collection and composting of

organic food, processing, and landscape wastes as well as paper,

glass and metal recycling have made significant contributions to

reducing waste volume, but landfill utilization requirements

still exceed landfill capacity. Processes and equipment to

 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
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facilitate the rapid separation, volume reduction, and

conversation into reusable products have been developed and

tested in limited capacities.

In the study of Bernardo (2008), in a barangay in Manila,

household commonly generated the types of wastes are

food/kitchen wastes, papers, PET bottles, metals, cans,

boxes/cartons, glass bottles, plastics and other wastes (mixed

wastes). She said that they didn't perform composting and

burning wastes. The household rely on garbage collection by the

government. Collection is done twice daily, except Sundays, and

household members bring their garbage when the garbage truck

arrives. However, there are those who dumb their garbage in no

designated pick-up points, usually in a corner of the street.

The dumbed garbage becomes a breeding ground for disease causing

organisms.

Another study in disposal a solid waste conducted by Gogoi

(2013), the proper disposal of solid waste of any kinds is

essential for the preservation of the living environment and the

maintenance of a high level of public hygiene. The effects on

the environment of the treatment and disposal of waste therefore

have enormous significance on the maintenance of quality on life

and measures to reduce the problem have to be taken in the best

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possible way to keep the Guwahati City as a clean and healthy

place for citizens.

Adan et. Al (2018) study entitled, Assessment of the

Implementation of Solid Waste Management in Municipal of

Dinalupian, waste do not only destroy aesthetics, they pollute

the environment. The perception on waste management by citizenry

or communities also poses great problem because it depends on

whether there is a strong, weak (or no existent) environmental

standards. These standards are mostly associated with developing

or developed cities that works according to the standards in

achieving an aesthetic environment. This is because most times,

individuals or communities see waste management as the

responsibility of the government without considering the role of

communities or citizens in achieving a good living environment.

 Republic of the Philippines
NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
Estancia, Iloilo

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study will utilize descriptive research design to

determine the impact of solid waste management in the three (3)

selected barangays in the Municipality of Estancia.

Descriptive research design is a purposive process of

gathering, analyzing, classifying, observing, describing,

documenting and tabulating data about prevailing conditions,

aspects of situation, beliefs, process and trends as they

naturally occur. This involves the collecting of data that will

provide an account or description of individuals, groups or

situation (Hungler, 2011).

The researchers will utilize questionnaire as an

instrument to determine, analyze, interpret the impact of solid

waste management in the three (3) selected barangays in the

Municipality of Estancia.
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Estancia, Iloilo

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of this study will be the 100 (100%)

randomly-selected residents of the three (3) selected barangays

in the Municipality of Estancia. The respondents will be

classified according to their sex and economic status.

Table 1 shows the distribution of the respondents.

Table 1

Distribution of Respondents

Category Frequency (f) Percentage (%)

Entire Group 100 100.0
Sex
Male 50 50
Female 50 50

Locale of the Study

Poblacion Zone 3, Poblacion Zone 2 and Botongon are

barangays in the Municipality of Estancia, in the province of

Iloilo. Poblacion Zone 3 represented 2.16% of the total

population of Estancia, 7.51% from Poblacion Zone 2 and 9.69%

from Botongon.
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NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
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The population of Poblacion Zone II grew from 3,589 in 1990

to 3,644 in 2015, an increase of 55 people. The latest census

figures in 2015 denote a negative growth rate of 0.61%, or a

decrease of 120 people, from the previous population of 3,764 in

2010. On the other hand, the population of Poblacion Zone III

fell from 1,105 in 1990 to 1,050 in 2015, a decrease of 55

people. The latest census figures in 2015 denote a negative

growth rate of 1.44%, or a decrease of 83 people, from the

previous population of 1,133 in 2010 while the population of

Botongon grew from 2,767 in 1990 to 4.703 in 2015, an increase of

1,937 people. The latest census figures in 2015 denote a positive

growth rate of 1.48%, or an increase of 350 people, from the

previous population of 4,353 in 2010 (PhilAtlas, 2020).

Figure 2. Map of the locale of the study.

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Data Gathering Instrument

In this study, the instrument which will be used is open-

question-questionnaire which will be subjected to validity test

and reliability test among the 100 randomly selected respondents

in the three (3) selected barangays of Estancia. The open-

question questionnaire will be composed of two (2) parts. Part I

will be about the personal information of the respondents; Part

II will be about the impact of solid waste management in their

barangay by delivering a talk about solid wastes.

Data Gathering Procedure

Prior to this study, the researchers will send a letter of

request to the officials of the three barangays namely: Barangay

Botongon, Poblacion Zone II, and Poblacion Zone III of Estancia.

After the approval of the request, it will serve as a permission

that the barangays allow the researchers to conduct the desired

study in the certain area wherein great mass of solid waste is

produced. The validated and reliability tested questionnaire will

be personally supervise by the researchers among the 100 randomly

selected respondents to gather enough data regarding the

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practices of the respondents on solid waste management on their

barangay.

Statistical Data Analysis

The data gathered for this study will be subjected to

appropriate statistical tools namely:

Frequency and Percentages. These will be used for the

distribution of respondents.

t-Test and One-Way ANOVA. These will be used to determine

the significant difference.

Cronbach’s Alpha. This will be used for the reliability test

of the open-question-questionnaire.

Mean and Standard Deviation. These will be used to determine

the different styles of practices preferred by the randomly

selected respondents.