EXTERNAL REVIEW-2

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 POMPIDOU CENTRE PARIS

INTRODUCTION:

The Center national d'art et de culture Georges Pompidou was a cultural institution in the heart of Paris
completely focused on modern and contemporary creation, where the visual arts would rub shoulders with theatre,
music, cinema, literature and the spoken word.
Housed in the center of Paris in a building designed by Renzo Piano and Richard Rogers, whose
architecture symbolizes the spirit of the 20th century, the Center Pompidou first opened its doors to the public in 1977.

MISSION:

In a unique location under one roof, the Center Pompidou houses one of the most important museums in the world,
featuring the leading collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe, a vast public reference library with
facilities for over 2,000 readers, general documentation on 20th century art, a cinema and performance halls, a music
research institute, educational activity areas, bookshops, a restaurant & a café.

Its core mission is,

•To spread knowledge about all creative works from the 20th century and those heralding the new millennium.
•To hold public exhibitions, international events.
•Cinema and documentary screenings,
•Conferences and symposiums,
•Concerts, dance and educational activities.

DESIGN PROGRAM AND CONCEPT

In 1970 an international architectural competition was launched based on a program to build a cultural and arts
complex in the centre of historic Paris set out by French President Georges Pompidou.

Piano’s idea sketch

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Type- Culture and Leisure
Architectural style - Postmodern/High-Tech
Structural system - Steel superstructure with reinforced concrete floors
Time- 1971 –1977

THEMES OF DESIGN

• Flexible envelope
• Simple geometric form
• Open piazza
• Steel structure
• Exterior mechanical
• Building circulation

Today, the vast building, located in the center of historic Paris, houses a

•Museum of modern art

•Reference library I
•industrial design Centre,
•Temporary exhibition space
•Children's library and art Centre
•Audio-visual research Centre (IRCAM) and
•Movie screening & restaurants

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CITY & CONTEXT:

the site for the center pompidou is located in the enter of paris, within one kilometer of notre dame cathedral and the
louver museum, on the edge of a densely populated medieval quarter les halles, the famous inner city market nearby.
the center pompidou was planned as a key connection in the renewal of the historic heart of the capital.

PUBLIC REALM:

half the available site area was allocated to public open space in the form of a large piazza. bordering the piazza, rue
st. martin was regenerated so that the activities of the cafes, restaurants and shops spill out into the newly created
public square, fusing the life of the surrounding streets with those of the new building.

STRUCTURE:

the structure forms a permanent steel grid providing a stable framework, into which the moveable parts including
walls and floors can be inserted, dismantled and re-positioned as necessary. the superstructure bays, each spanning
48 constructed of 16,000 tons steel with

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INTERIOR:
freeing up of interior space, for museum activity areas by, regulating the supporting
structure and movement and flow systems, such as the escalators, to the outside of the building.
the lower level of the building contains jorge public areas such as the theatre, shops. reception and café at street level.
above, vast open floors house galleries, outdoor terraces and administrative areas.

FAÇADE DESIGN:

the cladding is a curtain wall of steel and glass, mixing glazed and solid metal panels hung from the floor above to
keep them structurally separate from the facades, and therefore easily changed. the line of the cladding is kept back
from the edge of the building, allowing plenty of space for human interaction, while lending the building an open and
transparent appearance.

circulation: the transparency of the west main façade is given over to vertical and horizontal movement taking
advantage of spectacular views over paris allows people to see what is going on inside the center from the piazza.

circulation devices - escalators, lifts, escape stairs, galleries and corridors - are clipped one facade in a vertical
continuation of the activities in the square below so that visitors c us a place to simply appreciate the view, whether or
not they visit the galleries

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GROUND FLOOR

1. Fórum
2 .General Information
3.lobby
4 .Reception groups ,Educative tellers
5.Children’s gallery
6 .Box office
7 .Wardrobe
8 .Cafe
9 .Library-book centre

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LEVEL 1:

1 .Forum, level -1 4 .Cine 2-Theatre

2 .Hall of rest 5 .Small room
3 .Box office 6 .big room

LEVEL 2:

1.Fondo General- 3 .World of

General fund television
2 .Self education 4.Press room
space 5.Cafeteria for
library

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LEVEL 3:

1 .Audio video space

2.Generel fund
3.Main Library, Reserved cabin

LEVEL 4

1 Contemporary Art collections from 4.Museum gallery

1960’s up to today 5.Antigraphic gallery
2.New media space 6.Audio guide
3.living room(museum) 7.Library

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LEVEL 5

1.Modern Art 3.Terrace sculptures

collections from 4.Terrace sculptures
1905 up to 1960 Laurens
2.Terrace sculptures
Calder

1.Gallery 1 4 .Restaurant
2 .Gallery 2 5 .Library
3 .Gallery 3

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 ACTIVITIES

INFERENCES

•Freeing up of interior space by hanging the circulation devices & services to the building envelop, and creating a
dynamic entity.
•The long spanned structure & variable floor heights can well accommodate the future needs.
•The color code for different service lines makes easy maintenance.
•Every design element is very much flexible and can be changed accordingly for the future needs.
•Huge scales & volumes, different views of city from the circulation spaces, terraced gardens are the big attractions
for the building.
•The integration of plaza with the building makes it very much lively & active.

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LIBRARY

A library is a collection of sources of information made accessible to a defined community for reference or
borrowing. It provides physical or digital access to material. A library's collection can include books, periodicals,
newspapers, manuscripts, films, maps, Prints, documents, microform, Cassettes, videotapes, DVDs, Blue-ray
Discs, e-books, audio books, databases, and other formats.
The following checklist covers the kinds of information that maybe needed to design a library.
User services:
•Opening hours
•Peak-use times
• Hours
•Days of the week
• Times of the year (particularly for educational libraries)
•Numbers of readers (preferably separate figures for each part of the library)

TYPES OF BOOKS:

Bibliographical
•General reference
•Novels
•Children’s books
•Periodicals
•Newspapers
•Music
•Special reference
•Local history
•Arts
•Other departments

SPACE REQUIREMENTS:

•Space for books

•Space for readers
•Space for staff
•Meeting rooms
•Accessibility for disabled
•Space for mechanical operations

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STANDARDS-LIBRARY FLOOR AREA LIBRARY:

BOOK STORAGE: There are two forms of library in relation to book and other material storage: closed
access, where the general users have to ask for the material they need and open access, where some or
most of the material is on open shelves on which the users may use Even in this type of library, however,
some closed storage will be required for valuable stock and for obsolescent material.

BOOK SHELF CAPACITY: The standard 900mm bookshelves have a capacity to hold books, periodicals
and reports. This shelves are assumed to be only three quarters full to allow for expansion and book
movement.

SHELF DEPTH AND SPACING: Depth varies depending on the type of books from 230mm to 400mm

STANDARDS-BOOK STORAGE
CLOSED ACCESS SYSTEMS
• Anything less than 610 mm makes it difficult to bend to reach the lower shelves.
• As space is often at a premium, sliding stacks may be used.
• If used on suspended floors there are also onerous limitations of deflection which could cause jamming.
OPEN ACCESS SYSTEMS:
•Where the public are given access to the shelves the dimensions must take account of the length of stack.
•If long, two people must be able to pass in comfort, Someone in a wheelchair must also be able to pass a standing
person.
•Libraries often have their shelves arranged to form alcoves with books shelved on three sides.

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 Minimum clearance in shelving areas

Accessibility for disabled

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 Space needed for double table Minima for 8 persons reading table

Reading table for children

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 ART GALLERY AND EXHIBTION SPACE

Space for Collection

Space for Exhibits

Space For Work Shops
Food Services
Multi purpose auditoriums

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:
- Visual connections, between areas (vertical and horizontal) to create, excitement and anticipation for the visitor
-The layout of exhibition spaces and the main circulation to these should be flexible and provide opportunities
for the visitor to select multiple routes tailored to the duration and intensity of his or her visit.
-Public lobbies, stairs, and other circulation spaces are usually more architecturally expressive than exhibition
space.

Basic wall patterns used in art gallery

EXTERIOR DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

BUILDING ORIENTATION • Locate the mass building in a manner that maximizes solar
gain and takes into account environmental factors such as wind, rain and water run-off
etc.
shape of building and selection of materials to create exterior "micro climates".
Entrance
floor level should be located as close as possible to natural grade to help facilitate
access for all occupants.

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SIGNAGE AND LIGHTING

Provide necessary signage to mark centre, entrance, parking, fire routes etc.
• Install adequate site lighting.
• Ensure lighting is on a photo electric cell.

STORAGE

• Allow for secure storage and pick up of garbage and recycling material located away from public
areas.
There should be adequate weather protected area for storage of toys and equipment. If possible it is
recommended that storage for outdoor equipment be accessible from both within the centre as well as
from the playground.

INTERIOR DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS:

•Activity areas or playrooms are the key areas where children's program takes place. They must be
designed to ensure safety, provide clear supervision by staff at all times and contain a range of program
areas that are age appropriate and support learning.
•Room should be designed, finished and furnished to encourage children to be engaged in a safe and
comfortable environment.
•The room should include a variety of open spaces along with smaller more intimate spaces.

Avoid rooms with sharp or acute angles that limit program flexibility, Rooms that are "L" shaped can be
difficult to supervise and long narrow rooms may limit natural light.
The room should have both visual and spatial connections to adjoining activity areas.

The mix of age groupings will determine the overall space requirements.
-For a group of 15 to 30 children ages 6 to 10 years located in one space, it is recommended that the
room be set up to provide separate activity are as to promote a small group activity environment,
privacy and a sense of order.
INFANT ROOM REQUIREMENTS
• 3 staff for 10 children
•A play activity room for not more than 10 children with an unobstructed floor area of 2.8m2 per child
•Infants unable to walk are to be separated from other children during active play.
•washing, dressing, toileting, space for isolation, storage.
•Change table

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 Restaurant – critical dimensions

AUDITORIUM
The Auditorium space types are areas for large meetings, presentations and performances.
Auditorium type facilities may include assembly halls, exhibit halls, auditoriums and theaters.
The amount of space required for each auditorium depends on a number of factors but the figures below provide
an approximate guide. The calculations are based on a modern design
Using 110-1.20 meters from seat back to seat back and 550 - 600mm seat widths.

200 seats: 270m2 / 2,900 ft2

150 seats: 190m2 / 2,000 ft2
75 seats: 125 m2 / 1,350 ft2

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Wheelchair requirements for assembly areas:

For good visibility as also for good listening conditions, the successive rows of seats have to r be raised over the
preceding ones with the result that the floor level rises towards the rear.

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 Desktop study

Sendai mediatheque

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SENDAI MEDIATHEQUE

Sendai mediatheque is a center for activities in the fields of art and film,srving as a public facility to help people freely
exchange information with each others through various media .
The sendai mediatheque was in the very first planning stages, conceived as an amalgam of different programs.
•A new building for the sendai civic gallery
•A replacement for sendai public library

The aim of the project is to build:

-An ‘intelligent environment’ equipped with information technologies to meet the demands of the times
-Network sharing capable services to replace static in building services.

Basic Data:

• Architect : Toyo Ito

• Location : sendai city, japan
• Site area : 3,948.72sq.m
• Built -up area: 2,933.12sq.m
• Height of the building : 36.49m
-2 floors below ground+ 7 floors above
ground+roof top
• Structure : steel with R.C.C construction
• Construction duration : 1997-2000
• Construction cost : 13 millions

Sendai mediatheque complex includes:

•Mediatheque
•Library
•Art gallery
•Information service center and
•Visual image media center

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the primary effort was on demolishing the archetypal ideas of an art museum or library to construct a new
idea of architecture called "Mediatheque" utilizing the state-of-the-art. The proposal has always been
prototypic and conceptual rather than formalistic from the very beginning. It consists of three elements:
PLATE
TUBE
SKIN

PLATES: plates means six square slabs, which he attempted diagrammatically express different modes of
communication between people and things that may vary depending on the media used.
TUBES: tubes are 13 tree-like elements that vertically penetrate the plates to organize and integrate the
latter.
They are the flexible structural members acting also as the vertical traffic line and as the space here
engines ( light, air, water, sound etc) and information flow. presence of the tubes creates movements of
natural elements and of electrons in the homogeneous spaces defined by the plates.
SKIN: by skin, he means the elements that separate the inside of the building from the outside. particularly
refers to the skin that surrounds the machine spaces located at the top and the bottom of the building and
the double-skinned façade facing the main street.

SERVICES OFFERED[ BARRIER-FREE ]

visually impaired persons

Textured floor block
Voice guide system
Tactile models
Recorded books

auditory-impaired persons
Public fax machine
Magnetic loop
Body sonic chairs
Flash lamps

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM: The building is composed of 13 independent steel-ribbed shafts (tubular columns: mainly
steel tube truss construction) and 7 steel-ribbed slabs .giving each floor a different floor plan that define building.
Steel honeycomb slab structure (400mm depth: 1.000m grid span) and lightweight concrete(170mm thick) are
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combined to make a steel sandwich panel (50mx50m). Use of thick-walled pipes as single-layer truss structure
NAME:and tough main
realizes a highly transparent ROLLstructure SIGN integrity and rigidity.
NO: .while assuring structural NO
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CLIMATIZATION SYSTEM: The double-skinned facade on the south facing the main street
breathes like the human skin. During summer, the upper and lower opening mechanisms
are released to generate ascending air current inside the double-skinned wall to cool the
wall surface temperature to thereby reduce the need for forced air conditioning. During
winter, the opening mechanisms are closed so that the double-skinned wall can function
as a highly insulating layer of air. Thus reducing the heating needs. These mechanical
technologies are combined and integrated at different levels to make the building as a
functional structure.
LIGHT WELLS, DUCTS, VERTICAL MOBILITY:
The system may be compared to the biological activities of a tree. The tubular column
structures serve as light wells, with rooftop devices to reflect sunlight down the tubes
into the building. Also as connector "pipelines for network cables, wiring, elevators and
stairways.
Natural light is effectively taken into the building by means of an optical mechanism, light
is diffused into the inside spaces on each of the floor by means of prisms and lenses (light
outlet). Artificial lighting means are also arranged inside the tube.

Each orientation is treated differently, to deal with the conditions of light throughout the day. The south façade is
composed of a double glass skin that acts as both acoustic barriers to the busy street, and as protection against
excess solar gain during the day.
On the west façade , a large braise soleil (sun breaker) is implemented that reduces the impact of the direct
afternoon sun.

DESCRIPTION OF ALL FLOORS:

BASEMENT 2ND FLOOR:

This is an area to store various equipment and supplies for sendai mediatheque, such as book conservation stacks, a
repository, exhibition equipment and a machine room.
Surface area: 3,017.46 sq.m
BASEMENT 1ST FLOOR: The basement of sendai mediatheque is divided into three areas. They are the management
section on the north side, a pay parking lot in the middle and an area on the south for preparing workshops.
Surface area: 1,017.40 sq.m
GROUND FLOOR:
area: 2399.13 sq.m
-Entry
-Open square
-Administration office
-Cafeteria and book shop
-Way to parking

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 Ground floor: Cafe, shop,
information desk, “open square” multi-
purpose event venue

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 First floor: Multimedia library,
children’s library, inquiries for sight and
hearing impaired, meeting room,
current newspapers and magazines

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 Second and third floors: Reference library,
lending library, reading room .

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Fourth floor: exhibition gallery for the citizens of sendai.

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 Fifth floor: Exhibition gallery displaying plastic arts.

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 Sixth floor: cinema, meeting rooms,
administration, viewing and lending library
of cassettes and DVDs.

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PARKING:
there is a pay parking lot for visitors to the mediatheque with a capacity of 64 vehicles
BARRIER-FREE FACILITIES:
information on facilities, equipment and appliances
Multi-usage toilets designed to best meet the needs of physically impaired persons.
INFERENCES:
-The spaces have their own identity by having different colors, flooring and lighting.
-Variation in floor heights is to create different volume of spaces and segregate them according to their usage
-Integration of services in the structural system to have maximum utility of interior space.
Usage of double skin façade to create micro climate conditions
-Segregation of heavy sound areas from the silent areas by placing them in different levels
- Integration of interior with the exterior by using the concept of transparency.
-Provision of barrier free facilities for the easy access and usage by the physically challenged people.
-The double height entrance space adds to the aesthetic appeal

AREA ANALYSIS FROM THE DESKTOP STUDY:

• Entrance space - 500sq.m
•Library- 600sq.m
•Exhibition space - 400sq.m
•Multimedia library - 450sq.m
• Administration - 100sq.m
•General services - 350sq.m
•Toilets - 50sq.m
•Child care- 100sq.m

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