D B O O K

A R S H A LS HAN
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 WWW.ATCUAE.AE CONTENTS

F1 Marshalling
Marshals Handbook
Part I 4
1. Introduction 4
2. Organisations involved with the sporting side of a FORMULA 1 ™ Grand Prix 4
3. Formula One Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix Event Details 4
4. Regulations relevant to the Meeting 5
5. Main Components of the Circuit 5
6. Parts of Circuit of Specific Interest to Marshals 6
7. People Involved in Organizing the Race 8
8. Officials Teams 10
9. Rules and Behavior expected of all Marshals 12
10. Personal Equipment 15
11. Marshals / Officials Safety 17
12. Radio Communication 29
13. Written Reports 34
14. Closed Circuit TV (CCTV) 38
15. Emergency 38
16. Fire & Safety 50

PART II - ROLES OF SPECIALIST OFFICIALS 55

17. Post Chiefs 55
18. Incident Offciers 59
19. Flag Marshals 61
20. Trackside Marshals 63
21. Pit Lane Marshals 65
22. Startline Marshals 69
23. Fire Marshals 71
24. Boundary Riders 71
25. Scrutineers 74
26. Water Rescue 75

Appendix 1. Sector briefing Template 76 Appendix 5. Forms commonly used by Marshals 89

Appendix 2. Pit Lane briefing Template 81 Appendix 6. First Aid 89
Appendix 3. Medical Team safety Briefing 88 Appendix 7. Glossary 90
Appendix 4. F1 Start Marshals briefing Notes 89 Appendix 8. Communication 96

MAPS - Circuit deployment maps 98-101

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Part one
Part One
1. Introduction
Formula 1 is the most prestigious
series of motor racing in the global
calendar. The championship consists of
approximately 17 rounds held between
March and November each year at
venues around the world. Ten teams
field two cars each giving a field of 20.
The points system is prone to change,
but essentially, the most successful
driver is crowned World Champion at
the conclusion of the season.
2. Organisations involved
with the sporting side of
a FORMULA 1 ™ Grand Prix
The Promoter - is the body responsible
for the commercial and technical
aspects of the event.
The Organiser - is responsible for the
circuit activity at the Grand Prix. This is
usually the ASN, or a body contracted
by the ASN to act on its behalf.
Federation Internationale de
l’Automobile (FIA) - is the international
controlling body for automobile sport
throughout the world. Some FIA
officials come to each FORMULA 1™
event to give guidance to the local
officials, and to provide consistency
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around the world. The Race Director
is the senior FIA operations official at
the event.
Formula One Management (FOM) -
is the body through which the Formula
One Constructors Association (FOCA)
conducts its administration of Grand
Prix. FOM is the commercial unit of
the FORMULA 1™ scene, representing
the Constructors and the Teams. It is
headed by Bernie Ecclestone.
The National Sporting Authority
(ASN) - is the affiliate of the FIA and
is responsible for the control and
administration of motor sports in the
territory.
Race Organizing Committee -
comprises The Clerk of the Course,
Secretary of the Meeting and
representatives from various bodies
having an interest in the event. It holds
overall responsibility for the race,
associated events, demonstrations
and parades and coordinates planning
and ensures that the requirements of
each organization are catered for.
3. Event Details
Event Information
The date given for the event is that of the
Grand Prix (GP), although the event can
be considered to commence two days
earlier with Free/Untimed Practice,
Timed Practice and Qualifying (to decide
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the grid positions for the Grand Prix).
The Grand Prix is supplemented by
support races which involve their own
various practice sessions, qualifying
etc and races may be scheduled on the
Saturday and the Sunday.
Circuit Information relevant to
the meeting:
All involved should be aware of the
following basic data for the GP. The
GP is approx 300 km, and runs a
maximum of 2 Hours (should any
delays be incurred).
Number of Laps:
55
Circuit Length:
5.554 Km
Race direction:
Anticlockwise
Numbers of turns:
21
Max speed:
317kmh. 290 kmh Pit Straight
Support Races
(a) GP2 Asia Championship
(b) Mobil One Porsche Super Cup
(c) Chevrolet Super Car Middle East
4. Regulations relevant to the
Meeting
All events at the meeting are subject to
the International Sporting Code of the
FIA. In addition the Formula 1 World
Championship has its own regulations,
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PART ONE
both technical and sporting, which
detail how the championship events
are to be conducted for the year.
All can be found at www.fia.com for
those who are interested.
All other events are conducted under
Supplementary Regulations issued by
the organisers. These Supplementary
Regulations refer and defer to series
regulations where Support Events
are a part of a series involving other
circuits. Where the support events
are not a part of other series, the
Supplementary Regulations will detail
how the events are to be conducted.
A short time before the Meeting,
further Supplementary Regulations
may be issued to detail additional and
last minute regulations relating to the
support events. If changes or additional
regulations need to be issued at the
Meeting, official Bulletins will be issued
which will have the same authority
as the Supplementary Regulations,
provided they are approved for issue
by the Stewards of the Meeting.
5. Main Components of the Circuit
Turns - Turns are numbered
sequentially around the track in race
direction, with turn 1 being the first
turn after the start line.
Use this format at all times when
identifying a position around the track.
It is also important to specify whether
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Part one
a position is on the Left or Right of
a driver on the track. A separate
numbering system applies to Marshal
Posts, emergency vehicles, medical
posts and other positions or locations
around the track, also access gaps in
the protective barriers.
Marshal Posts - There are two types of
marshal posts around the circuit.
Marshal Control Posts where all
facilities are to be found. (Flags,
Observers, Track Marshals etc).
These will normally headed by
a Senior Marshall called a “Post
Chief”.
Marshal Posts where one or more
facilities are to be found. (Usually
Track Marshals or a Medical Post),
but from where no flag signals are
shown.
Mirror Posts - These are located
before a specific Marshal Post and
mirror the Yellow Flag signal only of
the relevant Marshal Control Post.
These Mirror Posts are set up where
there may not be a clean line of sight
for the driver in respect of a particular
Marshal Post and will have judicial
and sporting authority with respect to
Yellow Flag signals.
How Marshals Posts are manned -
Marshals’ posts are located around the
circuit and will normally be manned
by a Post Chief, Incident Officer, Flag
Marshals and Track Marshals.
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P
 ost Chief - is responsible for the
safety and direction of the team
of marshals on the post. The Post
Chief should brief marshals at
the start of the day, ensure the
equipment has been checked,
report any deficiencies to race
control, arrange the pairing up
of his/her team, They verbally
inform Race Control of incidents
within their sector and follow that
up with a written report handed to
the Clerk of the Course, when he
drives round the circuit at the end
of a session. Reports may cover
driving standards and behavior,
mechanical problems etc. The Post
Chief will also coordinate any clear-
up operations and track checking.
Incident Officer - is regarded as the
eyes and ears of the Clerk of the
Course, I/O’s report on incidents
during racing and practice, usually
by radio in the first instance,
they are the hands on manager
of trackside incidents whilst
continually updating Race Control
of the incident situation.
Recovery Vehicles: (Flashing Lights)
Usually a combination of Tow trucks,
“JCB” mobile cranes, tilt tray units,
4WDs with recovery roles allocated
by Race Control depending on the
vehicles to be recovered.
Either loaned by commercial
operators, or owned by marshals
or the circuit.
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Radios connecting these units will
be detailed to the crews prior to
the event, but in all cases, they will
be responding to initial directions
from Race Control. At an incident
site, the cranes will be then being
subject to Post Chief direction as
to movement and relocation of
stranded cars.
Equipment Team Vehicles :
Service or supply utilities or 4WDs to
deliver drinks, food, spare equipment
etc. Most events will have 2 or 3 of
these. Also Tracks Sweepers.
Other Vehicles:
Course Car - (red & green lights
on roof)
Positioned in the Pit Lane or
approved position by the Race
Director.
Closes the track with a red light
showing before each session or
race on the track, checking that
the track is completely ready for
competition at the same time.
Opens the track with a green light
showing after each session and
race on the track.
May be used on an open track to
collect report forms from around
the track.
Some circuits use Course Car 1 for
opening & closing, and Course Car
2 for other uses (VIP etc.).
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Safety Car - (3 flashing lights on roof·
green light to rear if possible)
Normally positioned at Pit Exit
Is used during racing if a problem
arises which requires the cars on
the track being controlled but not
where the race needs to be stopped
totally - the race is resumed when
the Safety Car is withdrawn.
In major events, will be positioned
at the front of the grid to complete
a final closing lap at the 5 minute
signal, or lead car for a rolling
start.
Can be used on an open track for
other duties if needed.
Stewards Car - often provided, usually
without signs or with “STEWARDS”
written on sides.
6. Parts of THE Circuit of Specific
Interest to Marshals
Race Control - is the Race Director
and the Clerk of Course’s office while
the track is in use. It is located on the
ground floor at the start of the pit lane.
Race Control is the place into which all
the circuit information is fed, and from
where the decisions and instructions
are issued. The Race Director and the
Clerk of Course are the Senior Official
at the track, responsible for conducting
the event according to the program.
The Race Administration Office -
is next to Race Control. It is the sporting
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Part one
administration centre for the event, and
the location of the office of the Secretary
of the Meeting. The Secretary of the
Meeting is a Senior Official responsible
for the sporting organization of the
event. The race documentation will
be handled by the Deputy Secretary
(Race Administration) from the circuit.
The Deputy Secretary of the Meeting
(Support Races) will administer the
Support Event activities from the same
location.
Pit Lane - is where all the International
teams are located. Access to the Pit
Lane is strictly restricted to the correct
pass holders only, except during
Support Races, when the local teams
are given restricted access.
GP Paddock - this area contains all the
support facilities for the international
teams and is located behind the
Pit Lane garages; access is again
restricted to pass holders only.
Support Paddock - is the paddock
area for all vehicles and teams in the
support races. It’s located between
Turns 10 and 11 on the outside of the
circuit with direct access to the circuit.
Medical Centre - is a fully equipped
medical facility for the treatment of
injured drivers, team members, and
officials. It is located next to Race
Control by the Pit Entrance. The
Medical Centre and all other medical
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facilities for the event are under the
control of the Chief Medical Officer. The
Medical Team meets there each night
and morning for their team briefings.
Radio Communications office -
see marshals final instructions for its
specific location.
7. People Involved in Organizing
the Race
A Grand Prix is a round of the FIA
Formula One World Championship
which is owned by the Federation
Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA).
The series is managed by Formula
One Management (FOM) on behalf
of the Formula One Constructors
Association (FOCA) who owns the
commercial rights to the series.
The FIA sends a number of experienced
race officials to provide continuity to
the series, and to provide guidance to
the local officials in the carrying out of
their roles.
There are three Stewards appointed
by the FIA to oversee the conduct of
the event according to the regulations.
Other stewards will carry out similar
roles in respect to the Support Events.
The senior operations race official
sent by the FIA is the Race Director
(currently Charlie Whiting). Others
include the FIA Technical Delegate
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who is the senior Scrutineer, the FIA
Medical Delegate who advises the
Race Director and oversees the local
Medical Team organization and the
FIA Medical Rescue Coordinator
who is responsible for on-the-ground
responses to incidents.
The Race Director shall work in
permanent consultation with the
Clerk of the Course who is a national
appointee, and have over-riding
authority in a number of matters
concerning the conduct of the
FORMULA 1 event, including starting
and stopping of activity on the track,
use of the Safety Car, scheduling of
activity and discipline of the FORMULA
1 competitors and drivers.
The Clerk of the Course is the senior
local operations official and his
role is primarily to control all race
activities, and other activities where
circuit safety and functioning may be
involved or impaired, in accord with
the regulations and scheduling drawn
up for the Meeting. All other officials
are responsible to the Clerk of the
Course in respect of the conduct of
track activities.
The Clerk of the Course will have a
Deputy and a number of Assistants
who will assist him in the carrying out
of his duties, including the conduct of
the support events if required. While
generally answerable to the Clerk of
the Course at all times, the Clerk of
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PART ONE
the Course may delegate executive
responsibility to them at times. The
Clerk of the Course, his Deputy and
his Assistants will work within Race
Control as their base.
The Secretary of the meeting is the
senior administrative race official
and is responsible for the sporting
organization of the meeting, and for all
announcements required in connection
therewith.
In simple terms, the Secretary of the
Meeting is responsible for the planning
and organization of the Meeting, and
the Clerk of the Course is responsible
for the conduct of all track activities.
The Secretary of the Meeting is
supported by a Deputy Secretary
of the Meeting, and there will be a
number of Assistant Secretaries,
each with delegated specific duties -
race administration, organization of
officials, equipment and facilities, and
support categories. These assistants
will be based in the Support Paddock
while the Secretary of the Meeting and
his deputy will work from the F1 Race
Administration area.
The Emergency Coordinator will
assist the Clerk of the Course by
coordinating responses to incidents
and other emergencies on the track.
He will work in close cooperation
with the Chief Medical Officer who is
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Part one
responsible for the provision of all
medical services and responses at
the circuit.
The track is divided up into a number
of Sectors, each under the control of
a Post Chief. In each sector will be the
area of track controlled by a Marshal
Post. The Post Chiefs will act as an
Assistant to the Clerk of the Course,
responsible to the Clerk of the Course
for the readiness and organization
of all marshals in their sector. They
will each have an Incident Officer to
assist them.
Other Senior Officials include but are
not limited to:
Chief Pit Lane Marshal - in charge
of Pit Lane, Pit Entry, and Pit Exit.
Chief Grid Marshal- in charge of
gridding for races.
Chief Incident Officer- overall
responsibility for the incident
handling track marshals and
specialist disciplines i.e. Fire, JCB
Snatch & Rescue.
Chief Support Paddock Marshal -
in charge of managing the Support
Paddock
Chief Flag Marshal - responsible
to the Clerk of the Course for the
flagging signals shown to drivers.
Chief Scrutineer - responsible for
the scrutiny of both F1 and Support
race vehicles.
Race Control officials - manning
the race control radio channels and
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relaying messages to and from the
Clerk of the Course.
8. Officials Teams
The officials that make up the sporting
organisation of the Meeting are divided
into a number of teams; each team
has a role to play and its own hierarchy
of authority within the team. In total,
these teams involve up to six hundred
officials at the event.
The individual teams are listed below.
The name of the team is used when
instructions are being issued, for sign-
on purposes and for the collection of
equipment, credentials and uniforms.
Team 1 - Race Control - includes all
officials working from Race Control
and also those who are in direct
contact with Race Control.
Team 2 - Race Administration -
covers the Secretary of the Meeting’s
assistants, and others specifically
involved in the administration of the
racing and the race organization
including Marshal Services.
Race Administration also covers
Equipment and Services - the team
that handles the supply of equipment
to the various locations around the
track and anything that needs to be
done, but which isn’t part of someone
else’s job.
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Team 3 - Medical - comprises of
specially trained doctors, nurses and
paramedics which are available to
provide medical intervention at any
time and any place around the circuit.
They are based in the Intervention
Vehicles, on foot in some areas, and at
the Medical Centre. Each Intervention
vehicle is manned by an experienced
driver, a paramedical officer, and a
doctor, and is equipped with portable
medical equipment.
Team 4 - Stewards - Comprises of
both F1 Stewards and Support Race
Stewards.
Team 5 - Flag Marshals - is the team
of officials appointed to each Marshal
Post around the circuit to give flag
signals to the drivers while they are on
the track.
Team 6 - Scrutineers - is made up of
Scrutineers whose duty is to check
all cars for safety and eligibility at the
beginning of the Meeting (and at other
times if required), to examine any cars
involved in accidents prior to being
permitted to return to the track. The
Scrutineers work from the Support
Paddocks, the Scrutineering Bay, and
the Pit Lane as appropriate.
Team 7 - Grid/ Pit Lane Marshals - are
the marshals who set up the starting
grid before each race, and control
vehicles and people in Pit Lane during
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PART ONE
events. They also control the Pit Exit,
acting under direction from Race
Control.
Team 8 - Fire Marshals - are the
trained Fire Marshals with regular
motor sport experience. Some are
allocated to maintain a protective cover
on Pit Lane, and others are on the Fire
Units, strategically placed to respond
around the circuit.
Team 9 - Track Marshals - is the
team of general marshals around the
circuit, based at the Marshal Posts.
Their duties include helping stopped
drivers, assisting the Fire & Medical
personnel, using the flags if requested,
sweeping the track and assisting the
Recovery crews.
The Track Marshals are expected to
check the track thoroughly between
each session in order to remove all
debris which could cause a hazard to
the next competitors using the track
Team 10 - Post Chiefs / Incident
Officers - is the team of senior
trackside officials, one being in charge
of each Post / Sector of the track.
Team 11 - Paddock Marshals - is
the team controlling the Paddock
areas and the access gates out to the
restricted areas.
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Part one
Team 12 - Boundary Riders - is the
team of Motorcycle Riders whose
primary role to return stranded drivers
back to the paddock area, but they are
available to assist Race Control with a
wide range of other duties that require
mobility.
Team 13 - Start / Finish - are the
marshals involved in the start and
finish of races.
Team 14 - Recovery - are the trailer
teams and their assistants, whose job
it is to recover the “dead vehicles” from
around the circuit as soon as possible,
and return them to the Paddock, or
Scrutineering Bay as appropriate.
Team 15 - Safety / Course Car -
consist of the drivers and observers in
the safety and course cars.
Team 16 - Communications / Post
Chief - comprises some of the Race
Control staff and all the Post Chief
around the track. The team’s task
is to observe all happenings around
the circuit and report them to Race
Control.
Certain other teams are, or may
be outsourced to specialist third
parties. This includes the group of
timekeepers working from the timing
tower above Race Control, overlooking
the Start /Finish line. Their task is to
record the time taken for every lap of
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every competitor during all qualifying
sessions and races, and to produce the
printed results of each race.
9. Rules and Behavior expected of
all Marshals
Marshals hold great responsibility
and are expected to follow high
standards in respect to their conduct
and professionalism. To this end it is
important that all Marshals make the
effort to follow the basic rules for all
officials as set out below.
9.1 Marshal’s Code of Ethics
Place safety and welfare above
all else.
Accept responsibility for all actions
taken.
Be impartial.
Avoid any situation that may lead to
a conflict of interest.
Be courteous, respectful and open
to interaction.
Seek continual self improvement
through training, performance
appraisal and regular updating of
competencies.
Be positive role models in behavior
and personal appearance.
Maintain an equal opportunity and
harassment free sport practice.
9.2. Basic Rules for all Officials
Marshals are one of the public faces
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of motor sports - particularly in the
Paddock, the Pits and at Trackside
and where they are more likely to have
direct contact with spectators and
could be caught on TV, with possibility
of being seen by millions of people.
There are some basic rules that all
officials must abide by so that we have
an orderly, safe and well-controlled
team. Failure to follow these basic
rules may result in a change of duties
or in serious cases, the removal of
“official credentials” for the Meeting.
Cameras - Officials must not carry
cameras while on duty, and may
not take photographs unless given
permission by their senior officials.
Officials on the Grid and in the Pit Lane
must NOT take still or moving pictures
at any time.
Autographs/ Photo Opportunities -
Officials while on duty may not seek
autographs or photo opportunities from
competitors, nor take work-breaks
waiting outside the F1 GP paddock
in the hope of seeing competitors.
The appearance of officials must be
professional at all times, and they
must remain focused on their duties,
whether they are trackside, in Pit Lane
or in the Paddocks
Mobile Phones/ Radios - Phones and
private radios must not be switched
on or used while an official is on duty,
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except where specific permission is
given by a senior official.
Alcohol / Smoking - Officials may not
drink (or be affected by) alcohol prior
to events finishing each day, nor may
they use any drug which is likely to
affect their alertness or judgment.
Officials may not smoke while on duty
and trackside officials may not smoke
at all while the track is closed for
racing.
Sign-on - Officials must sign-on and
check with senior officials where they
are allocated for the day and what their
role will be. If leaving their designated
post at any time, officials must first
advise their senior official. They are on
duty from sign-on until relieved each
evening, regardless of weather or
other circumstances. Because of this,
officials must prepare themselves for
all extremes of weather.
Time Keeping - A key factor in the
success of the event is the discipline
to comply with what is required of you.
The actual circuit activity is detailed in
the Minute by Minute schedule which
is issued to each official at the start
of the meeting. Keep this schedule
with you at all times, and continually
check a page or two ahead of what is
happening so that you are aware of
the next activities scheduled. You must
ensure you are where you have to be,
at the time you are required.
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Uniforms - Uniforms must be worn
as supplied at all times and Tabards,
which are issued at the event. The
uniform remains the property of the
promoter. Overalls must be handed in
at the end of racing on Sunday.
You are required to be impartial so
clothing, including caps, must not
include the insignia of any of the teams
racing at the event.
Credentials - Passes/Tabards must
be worn at all times. Take care not to
lose these as replacements are not
available and under no circumstances
must they be lent or given to anyone
else.
Safety Barriers - Officials must
remain behind the safety barriers at
the all times while the track is secured
for competition, unless they are
directly involved in emergency work,
in which case they should be exposed
for the minimum time necessary to
complete the task. Even whilst behind
the barriers, officials must be alert for
potential movement of the barriers
when hit, and the potential for debris to
travel over or through the mesh debris
fence panels during an incident.
Sitting Down when track is “Live”
- While the track is “Live” (closed for
racing) all persons must stand up, remain
alert and face oncoming traffic unless a
specific duty requires otherwise.
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Be Alert and Do not get distracted
- At all times, officials must be alert
and facing the race traffic in order
to anticipate incidents and avoid
debris and other dangers which may
not be contained by the barriers.
Scanners and giant TV screens can
be a distraction and must be used or
watched with great caution.
Danger - Officials must remain alert
to assist and protect themselves,
then their fellow marshals, then
competitors and others from danger.
All officials have a Duty of Care to do
this at all time.
Incidents - Do NOT ask competitors
involved in incidents for autographs
and/or photo opportunities as this
may aggravate an already distressed
individual, particularly if the incident
involves contact. It also looks
unprofessional to the public.
Do not discuss the incident with the
driver or the public as this may affect
potential evidence should you be
required to attend a stewards hearing.
Under no circumstances should any
statements or opinions regarding any
incident be offered to television or the
press.
Briefings - Each morning, all officials
(except for the Medical Team) will
gather at the Officials’ Muster Tent
for a general briefing, following which
they then proceed to their individual
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areas of duty for the day. This area
may be a Sector, the Timing Room,
the Scrutineering Bay, or other. It
is here that the individual Senior
Officials take control and brief their
team with details of their specific
duties and working procedures, and
de-brief them at the end of each day.
The Senior Officials then meet each
night to discuss the day’s problems
and to collect any information for
the following day. Unless instructed
otherwise, the Medical Team will have
a separate briefing at the Medical
Centre each morning.
Officials must attend all briefings
specified for them, unless authorized
otherwise by their senior officials.
They must accept and follow all
instructions given to them at these
briefings and also those issued at
other times by Senior Officials of the
Meeting. If you miss a briefing, report
to your senior official for details before
moving to your post or proceeding with
your duties. Do not vary any of your
instructions unless required to by your
senior officials, or by Race Control.
Injuries and III Health - Officials must
immediately report any injuries or
illnesses they have suffered which may
affect their ability to fill their duties
either through their senior marshals,
or direct to the Medical team so that
the injury is identified, checked, and
recorded. If at any time you are unable
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PART ONE
to carry out your duties because of
personal limitations or because of ill-
health, report to your senior official or
to Secretary of the Meeting.
Hazards - They should also report any
hazards around the circuit which they
believe result in risks to the personnel
and the event-
Health & Safety (H&S) -Officials must
abide by the event H&S Policies, which
are drawn up to protect the interests of
all persons attending the Meeting.
Injury and Medical Problems - Officials
injured or suspected of being injured
or suffering a medical problem which
may affect their ability to perform their
duties during the Event must report to
the Medical Team as soon as possible.
Medical conditions not reported and
recorded during the Event may not be
covered by the insurance provided by
the organizers.
10. Personal Equipment
Motor racing is about competition
between competitors in whatever
conditions exist at the time. It rarely
stops because of weather and
consequently we have to be prepared
to continue our roles in spite of the
conditions we face. You should be
prepared for the worst case and
remember you can always take off
an extra layer of clothing if you are
too hot.
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Part one
Some of the equipment will be provided
by the Organizers. The following items
would normally be necessary.
10.1 Clothing & General Comfort
If possible wear natural fibres (Cotton
and Wool) – Particularly next to the
skin. Man made fibres can melt, even
under protective overalls – causing
nasty burns.
Remember that you are on duty
for long sessions and the following
suggestions, based on experience, will
assist your comfort and well being and
reduce the onset and effects of heat
and /or other climatic influences.
Provision of rest breaks.
Provision of adequate supplies of
cool drinking water, prior to, during
and after the event. It is suggested
that the consumption of 100-200ml
of water at frequent intervals is
of benefit. Dehydration is a major
threat and once the symptoms are
recognised, it is usually too late
to counteract by simply drinking
water. Therefore, be aware and
keep drinking small amounts
throughout your duty time.
Provision of food. Always take a
reasonable supply of your own, in
case the “organised” arrangements
should fail to materialise!
Provision of shade.
Provision of suitable personal
protection equipment e.g. ear plugs,
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sunscreen, sunglasses, goggles/
safety glasses (sand and dust).
Rotation of officials e.g. changing
of tasks at point where possible
and practical without causing
disruption to the event.
Removal of personal protective
equipment (balaclavas, heavy
protective clothing etc) when
appropriate at events e.g. between
races.
Wearing of loose clothes may be
beneficial.
If you feel the onset of sunstroke you
should seek medical assistance
Keep arms and legs covered at all
times.
Wear thick gloves and carry or
have access to spare pairs. Wet
gloves can cause scalding injuries
if handling hot exhausts etc.
Strong hiking, or work boots are
recommended. It is often easier to
kick debris off the track than to pick
it up. Trainers provide little or no
protection and should be avoided.
Hats/Caps should be worn for
protection from the sun in hot
weather and to limit heat loss in
cold weather.
Waterproof clothing should be
available if there is any risk of rain.
Choose colors that will not be
confused with signaling flags.
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10.2. Wet Weather
The Progressive responsive steps the
organization must consider are:
When such weather is expected
in the next hour or so, marshals
should be warned directly and over
radio, to put on water/wind proof
clothing and protect equipment
and belongings on the ground.
They should be warned again as
weather closes in.
All marshals should monitor their
team-mates and to report recognised
problems, or to seek opinion from
local medical team members.
Prepare medical centre and
marshals muster area for influx of
wet marshals. Organize transport
able to reach marshal posts and
return affected marshals to medical
centre initially for evaluation, then
to muster area if that is considered
appropriate by the medical team.
Arrange medical team to receive
and treat marshals as they are
brought in, and have one medical
team member proceed to muster
area to monitor requirements there.
Have other sympathetic’ marshals
attend the muster area as well.
Investigate additional available
clothing such as overalls to replace
wet clothes.
Monitor accurately the number
of marshals brought in, and keep
close check on remaining marshals
- their number and condition.
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PART ONE
11. Marshals / Officials Safety
Marshals are there by their own choice
and must bear responsibility for their
own welfare and that of those around
them. The prime consideration must
be to protect themselves from danger,
then their fellow marshals, then the
drivers and others in trouble.
The following information applies to
all officials at this event and will help
Marshals participate safely.
The Clerk of Course is the senior
operations official. Most instructions
will come from Race Control with his
authority, or from senior officials who
have been so authorized within their
area of expertise.
11.1. Marshals / Officials Code
of Safety
The following points must be constantly
adhered to throughout the course
of the event, to ensure the highest
possible safety for the marshals at
the event.
Remain behind at least one barrier
of protection. Unless your specific
duty requires it (i.e. flag marshals
while flagging) do not station
yourself less than 1 meter from the
approach side of any gaps in the
debris fencing if they are present,
or the primary protection barrier
(including the crawl spaces in
debris fencing) nor behind any such
PAGE / 17
Part one
gaps, nor in any position less than
twelve meters from the departure
side of any such unprotected gaps
in the protective barriers.
Marshals who are injured or
suffering any health disorder, must
report to a medic since their ability
to perform their responsibilities
may be affected.
Do not lean on guardrail, concrete
blocks, or debris fences - they
are designed to move when hit by
competing vehicle.
At all times, stand up, remain
alert and face oncoming traffic
unless your specific duty requires
otherwise. Do not crowd into any
narrow part of the Marshal Zone.
Be prepared for any situation that
may arise, even on warm up or
slow down laps. Be prepared for
fast moving traffic of any nature,
at all times. Flag Marshals should
use flag signals if necessary for all
vehicles, not just those which are
racing at the time.
Have in place an escape Plan.
Do not be distracted by the giant
TV screens these can take your
focus off your immediate area of
responsibility.
Remember to take care of yourself,
then your fellow marshals, then
the competitors, then any others in
trouble.
Work as a team.
Follow instructions of the senior
officials.
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Do not move in front of barriers
unless an incident dictates or
instructed to so do.
11.2. Safety Briefing and Site
Induction Applicable to all Marshals
When first arriving at your post for
the day, check the general area and
equipment. Report any problems,
apparent danger, or shortages to
Race Control or the responsible
officials. Read and understand the
instructions on equipment such as fire
extinguishers.
With or without a Post Chief or Senior
Marshal to take charge, have a
meeting with other marshals at your
post. At this meeting, you should:
Discuss the experience and duties
of each marshal, and also their
general location during events -
giving thought to the need for all
marshals to be protected by the
safety barriers and debris fences
where appropriate.
Discuss the location of equipment
such as fire extinguishers which
should be placed where visible
and available to others but not in
anyone’s way.
Plan escape routes in conjunction
with the other marshals and
discuss warnings to be given to
each other if necessary - whistles
or hand signals.
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Do not leave bags and equipment
where they may delay your escape
by blocking an escape route or by
causing falls.
11.3. “Closed” and “Open” Tracks
The Course Car is used between each
session to indicate which state of readiness
the track must be in before each practice,
qualifying, warm-up and race.
Closed Track
The Course Car will do a track-closing
lap, displaying red flags or red lights
on its roof to indicate that the track
must be prepared as if for racing.
While the track is closed all marshals
and medical staff must be standing
and alert behind barriers, ready to
respond to an incident or an instruction
from Race Control. This applies to ALL
trackside personnel marshals, medical
team, and emergency vehicles and
their crews. In addition, no smoking or
the use of mobile phones or cameras
by marshals is allowed while the track
is closed.
When the track is closed, control
at all times is the same as if racing
was proceeding. No one may cross
a “closed” track or be in front of the
barriers unless their duties require it
or they have been specially instructed
to move in front of the barriers by Race
Control.
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PART ONE
Open Track
When a session has concluded, the
Course Car will proceed on an opening
lap with green lights flashing, thus
opening the track. When the Course
Car has passed your position officials
may relax and move about behind and
in front of the barriers, but ensure that
some marshals at the post remain
alert and watchful and be ready to
come to attention immediately, if
circumstances change.
Photographers may cross an Open
Track but only under your direction.
Between practice sessions and races
the track must be checked for any
debris left on circuit and, if necessary
cleaned up by picking up or sweeping.
Get every available official to help and,
if any problems are found that you
cannot rectify, report them to the Post
Chief.
Track Marshals must also assist
the Recovery Team with their work
in recovering stranded vehicles by
pushing them to the track edge.
General Points
If the Course Car lights are not
functioning, red or green flags may
be displayed on the car instead, these
having the same meaning as lights of
the same colour.
Post Chief’s must remain on the Radio
loop all times, and warning flags
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Part one
should still be used, when the track is
“Open”, to warn vehicles of a danger
ahead - perhaps marshals sweeping
the track, or a stopped vehicle being
recovered
Demonstrations and Parades
Demonstrations are non-competitive
displays of vehicles on the track, where
the track is closed and where the
speed is usually close to competition
speed, and this may or may not be
controlled by a course car setting
the pace. Drivers must be attired as
if for racing and passengers are not
normally permitted.
A Parade is a display of vehicles at a
tightly controlled speed, and usually
on an open track and led by a Course
Car. Passengers may be permitted
and drivers are not usually required to
wear helmets and racing attire.
11.4. Safety in Pit Lane
The pit lane is a part of the racing area
and must be treated as such at all
times.
During competition (which includes
all practice sessions) competitors
may drive into pit lane for service and
out again onto the race track. At such
times, the competitors have right of
way and all other personnel must keep
out of their way.
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All persons in the pit lane must have
the correct credentials for the area,
and if remaining in pit lane they must
stand as close to the garage wall as is
possible, and in a position where they
can see any oncoming traffic. When a
car is making a pit stop, all personnel
must keep clear of the car and the
working crew, and be aware that the
car may be driven quickly out of the
bay at any time. Do not interfere with
any car or equipment in the pit lane.
While watching a stopped car at any
time, watch must continue to be kept
for other cars at the same time.
When moving along the pit lane,
try to keep eyes and ears open for
approaching vehicles, and move out of
the pit lane as soon as possible. Do not
stand or walk in the fast lane which is
the marked lane closest to the race
track. This is reserved for moving
vehicles.
Only officials and working pit crew
members are permitted on the
signaling platform (Pit Wall).
Officials will endeavor to assist you
while in the pit lane, and you must
take notice of their warnings and
instructions.
11.5. When an Incident Happens in
Your Vicinity
If an incident occurs in your vicinity,
protect yourself from flying debris
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by moving away or dropping below
barriers as time and circumstances
permit NEVER TURN AWAY FROM
AN INCIDENT (it may follow you). Be
prepared to use pre-planned escape
routes. Warn your fellow marshals.
Do not move in front of barriers unless
instructed to do so by your senior
marshal, or unless your duties require
you to do so.
If it is necessary to move in front of
barriers:
Check that the appropriate flag
signals are being shown for your
protection.
Double check that there is a
need for you move in front of the
barriers.
Take care when climbing or getting
down from barriers.
Check the movement of marshals
and vehicles around you, and
ensure that all the likely equipment
is being carried to the incident - fire
extinguishers, strops or slings;
Try to approach any incident with
the oncoming traffic in front of you
at all times.
Be aware that dust, smoke or
extinguisher clouds can prevent you
from seeing oncoming traffic, and
also prevent them from seeing you.
Where possible keep a stopped
vehicle between you and oncoming
traffic (but do not stop between
a stopped vehicle and close-by
barriers).
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PART ONE
Do not stand close to any stopped
vehicle during racing, even if behind
or on top of barriers because of
chance of debris if the stopped
vehicle is hit by another vehicle
Check with senior officials or
specialists at the incident scene in
case they need your assistance.
Assist with moving/pushing the
vehicle to a place of safety, as
directed by the Incident Officer or
Post Chief.
Remain exposed for the minimum
time necessary to complete your
task then get back behind the
barriers (except for fire marshals
who may need to stay with a
stopped vehicle in case of fire) -
when returning from an incident,
ensure that one of the team has
full view of race traffic.
11.6. Marshal Zone Safety
Procedures
Tabards must be worn by all persons
in the Marshal Zone. Persons with
tabards must also have a reason
to be in the marshal zone - the
tabard alone is not enough. Only
a senior marshal may authorize a
non-tabard person to be there, and
then it must be for a particular and
acceptable reason.
Persons must not congregate
in such a manner that access
along the marshal zone is unduly
restricted, nor should equipment
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Part one
or personal gear be placed where
it restricts movement along the
zone.
Unless a specific duty requires it
(i.e. flag marshals while flagging
or photographer while working)
no person should be stationed less
than 1 meter from any secondary
block or between any primary and
secondary block (where access
gaps are built into the barriers).
The barriers are designed to move
if hit.
While in the Marshal Zone, no
person should be in a position that
interferes with the marshal’s ability
to carry out their duties. They must
face the oncoming traffic in order
to anticipate an accident or debris
which may pass through or over the
barriers, and they must stay back
from barrier blocks or guardrail
which may move if hit solidly. No
person should stand where they
are not protected by a debris fence
or barrier; unless their specific duty
required them to be away from such
barrier for any period of time e.g.
fire marshal responding to a fire.
On occasion, personnel other than
marshals may need to move onto an
open track to carry out certain works.
Even on an open track, they should
stay there for the minimum time
required for the work, then leave. At
such times, they must remain aware
that other traffic will be on the track
and non-race activities may be in
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process. If the Course Car passes
with red lights flashing, the workers
must immediately leave the area. If
a problem exists at this time, they
must still leave the area and inform
the nearest senior official about the
problem.
Photographers (or any other
person) may only cross the track
with permission from marshals,
and then, ONLY when the track is
“Open” (not closed for racing).
All marshals must keep an eye
on the spectator fences in case
of collapse or weak areas which
could allow spectator access into
the Marshal Zone at any time.
11.7. Safety, Risk Management and
Health & Safety
Safety, Risk Management & and Health
& Safety are not just “catchwords”.
On event they are integral to our
work and each of us must continually
focus on the need to maintain a safe
environment for all of us to work
in - we must all work at minimizing
any risks that exist or are inherent
in motor sport and do what we can
to ensure that we all enjoy our sport
without incident or injury. The race
track is now considered a “workplace”
by the authorities and there are active
H&S policy and procedures to evaluate
and manage any hazards that are
identified. All injuries must be reported
to the Medical Team.
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All trackside incidents are reported to
Race Control using the communication
systems, with all incidents of any
type involving injury, contact between
vehicles or vehicles & people or
barriers, or of a rule infringement
nature being required to be the subject
of an Incident Report (written).
More attention is paid to Risk
Management these days. This is simply
the practice of identifying hazards and
the resultant risks, assessing them,
and then minimizing or removing the
risk. Report any risks you identify
(preferably in writing, using a Hazard
Report Form, copies of which all Senior
Officials will have) around the circuit -
it may be pre-existing (such as a stake
in the ground). It may be created by an
incident, such as oil being left on the
ground - the response is then to warn
the drivers, remove the oil if possible
and notify Race Control if there is a
problem.
Another risk to be considered is to
your own health and ability to respond.
If you are injured or become unwell
at any time and may not be able to
continue your duties, notify your
senior marshals then report to one
of the medical team for guidance. Do
not struggle through the day and put
yourself, your fellow marshals, and
the drivers at any further risk. Some
injuries require reporting or further
procedures, so it is important that all
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PART ONE
are reported to the Race Organization
so that we can respond properly.
In simple terms, if you are aware of
anything that could create a problem
for anyone at some stage, discuss it
with other marshals, report it to your
senior marshal, and let us see what
can be done to remove the risk.
11.8. Barrier Gaps in First Line
of Protection
The first line of protection is, in most
places, Tec-Pro safety barrier. This
then has a secondary barrier of
Armco with an off-set debris fence.
The first and second line of protection
is designed to move a short distance if
hit solidly by a crashing car.
All access gaps will be easily identified
to those on the track by fluorescent
orange panels, either painted on the
Armoc ends at the gap, or by an orange
panel attached to the debris fence,
near the hole in the debris fence.
Signaling Spot
Flag marshal posts - are dedicated
units allowing for the Flag marshals
to operate in a safe inviroment. These
posts are positioned behind the debrie
fencing or at some locations positioned
behind a dedicated safety fence
Signaling hole
Flag marshal post - dedicated,
reinforced holes in the debris fence
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Part one
below which are triple row guardrail
panels. The blue flag marshal should
be working through the hole and the
yellow flag marshal ready to signal
through the hole if necessary. The
Incident Officer should be back, behind
and protected by the debris fence.
Access Gap
Escape or access gaps in fence line,
made up by offsetting concrete blocks,
linked together by an intermediary
device which joins the end of a concrete
blocks to the middle of the next one,
providing an overlap and maintaining
the integrity of the primary barrier.
The Barriers are secured by normal
block pins. Climbable fences should
always be climbed by facing the fence
and ensuring a good foot “grip”.
A debris fence panel with a reinforced
hole measuring approximately
2500mm wide and 400mm high at the
bottom of the panel, constructed with
an integral, reinforced cage behind
it. Access to the cage is possible only
from the approach side. No person
may be stationed in the cage, or within
1 meter of it. Persons using the cage
to exit the track must then exit the
cage immediately.
Photographer Panel
Debris fence panel with three
reinforced holes in the debris fence
and approximately 2500 mm high x
500mm wide. A second block & debris
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fence panel is located 1.3 m behind
the primary barrier. The departure
side at each panel is blocked with a
debris fence panel connecting the
front and rear panels. Access to the
cages will be possible only from the
approach side. These are designed for
photographers (TV use similar) to use.
No other person should be in the cage
(between the blocks or within 1 meter
of, the secondary block).
A 3 meter offset gap in the first line of
protection to allow access either way
for vehicles. No person should remain
within 1 meter of any part of such
a gap, unless in a vehicle waiting to
move onto the track.
11.9. Track Invasion – During Track
Activities
A track invasion by an unauthorized
person or persons is possible at all
times, usually in order to gain notoriety
or publicity for a cause. Marshals
must continuously be on the alert for
such action, and be prepared to take
appropriate action if at all possible.
The best protection we have is to
prevent unauthorized access to the
Marshal Zone. All trackside marshals
must be on the alert for this, as should
be the security officers whose duties
will include protection of the prohibited
areas.
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If an unauthorized person enters the
Marshal Zone, action must be taken
immediately to remove that person
and have further action taken by
security officer or police if appropriate.
Unauthorized persons can be easily
identified by the lack of any tabard
being worn. These tabards are issued
to all persons requiring access to the
prohibited areas, and can be identified
from a distance away. The tabard
alone is not automatically proof that
the wearer should be in the area, but
it is a good start. The purpose of the
wearer being there should also be
ascertained, usually by observation,
and at times by direct questioning.
Any problem should be referred to
Race Control or to the nearest security
officer. If an unauthorized person
attempts to move through the Marshal
Zone onto the track, all effort must be
made to prevent this for the safety of
the intruder. Race Control must be
notified at the same time and they will
take appropriate action if local action
is not successful. Track invasion at
the end of the race is always an
undesirable threat. The best protection
we have if such an action is threatened,
is to convince the “invaders” to wait
until the Course Car has passed, so
that the track is no longer closed for
competition.
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PART ONE
Flag Displayed at Marshals Posts
(see also 19.2)
Red Flag
This flag will be waved at all flag posts
(on instruction from Race Control)
when a practice / qualifying session
or race has been stopped because of
some emergency or technical issue.
Drivers are not permitted to overtake
after passing a red flag, and must
proceed slowly back to the grid or
Marshalling Area as directed.
The red flag should only be shown at
marshals’ post if:
1. If the flag marshals have seen it at
a previous post.
2. If the flag marshals have seen the
circuit red lights go on.
3. If the flag marshals have seen it at
a following post.
4. On the direct instructions of Race
Control.
Yellow Flag
Single waved: Means slow down. Do
not overtake. Be prepared to change
direction or follow an unusual line.
There is a hazard beside or partially on
the track.
Double Waved: Means Slow down and
take extra care. Do not overtake. Be
prepared to change direction or stop.
The track is wholly or partially blocked.
The post following the incident will
display a green flag to show that the
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Part one
track is clear and free to continue
racing.
After passing any yellow flag/s drivers
must not overtake until they have
passed a green flag marking the end
of the danger zone. Any infringements
should be reported to your observer,
who will need to know:
The numbers of both cars involved
Where the overtaking occurred
(location, between which posts)
Who overtook who - and on
which side.
The time it happened.
The yellow flag is also waved during
a Safety Car period (along with SC
boards being shown).
Marshals must ensure that only the
appropriate signal is given. Under no
circumstances should they exaggerate
a danger. Drivers must have complete
confidence in the signaling and must
then respect it.
Blue Flag
The blue flag is the most difficult to
get right and relies heavily on the flag
marshal’s interpretation. It is used
differently during practice and racing.
During Practice/Qualifying - waved;
Indicates to a driver that they are being
caught or about to be passed.
During the race – waved; this is
normally displayed to a car about to be
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lapped and which should give way at
the earliest opportunity. Failing to yield
when a blue flag is waved can incur a
penalty.
At Pit Lane exit - a blue flag and a blue
light will be displayed when a car is
leaving the pits and likely to be passed
by a car on the track, travelling at
racing speed.
Race Control may also call for blue flags
to be shown in other circumstances.
It should be noted that in many races,
there may be no blue flags displayed
at all.
The skill of remembering which are
the fast and the slow cars, who is at
the front and who is at the back and the
ability to judge when overtaking is about
to take place - can take some time to
acquire. Shape and colour are usually
easier to remember and recognize
than competitor numbers. Helmet
colors may also help. Try to identify
some visual key - particularly for the
vehicles at the back, When it comes to
overtaking, it is the back markers who
will come into view first and the speed
differential will show you whether they
are about to be overwhelmed.
White Flag
The white flag indicates a slow moving
competitor or a course car - rescue
vehicle, fire tender and the like - is
ahead.
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The flag should be waved while the
vehicle is in your sector (the area
between your post and the next flag
post) and held stationary while the
vehicle is in the next sector (the area
between the two following flag posts).
The white flag will be replaced with
the appropriate yellow flag signal if the
vehicle stops.
Green Flag
The Green Flag is waved at flag posts
to indicate the end of a yellow-flag
section of the track, to indicate the
start of sessions on the track, and at
each post during the first lap following
a Safety Car period.
Red and Yellow Striped Flag
The red and yellow striped flag is the
slippery surface flag. It is sometimes
called the “oil flag”.
Drivers take more notice of this flag
than any other, but while it can be used
to indicate limited amounts of gravel
and dirt as well as oil and water.
A yellow flag should be used to indicate
debris, which presents a danger (body
work and exhaust pipes are typical
examples where a yellow and not a red
and yellow flag should be used).
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Flags Shown at the
Start / Finish Line
Black and White diagonal Flag
Shown with the car’s number to show
a driver his driving standards are
being observed, and maybe guilty of
unsportsmanlike conduct or trying to
gain an unfair advantage.
Black Flag with an Orange disc
The black flag with an orange disc is
also displayed with the driver’s number
and indicates some sort of mechanical
problem which the driver may not be
aware of, such as loose bodywork. The
car should call in to the pits on the next
lap for repairs. Open doors, hatchbacks
and petrol leaks are typical reasons for
displaying this flag.
Black Flag
Shown with a driver’s number,
indicates the driver must pull in to the
pits at the end of the next lap. A driver
may be black flagged if he has failed
to improve his driving standards after
being shown the black and white flag,
if he has incurred a stop/go penalty for
a jumped start or illegal overtaking
maneuver.
Chequered Flag
Indicates the end of a practice session,
qualifying or a race.
Digiflag
The Digiflag System is an electronic
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flagging system. It is likely that the
DigiFlag will be the secondary flag
system. This fact needs to be checked
prior to the race. The manual Flag
Marshals must replicate the flags
being shown by the DigiFlag system.
There may be some instances,
most likely at those posts which are
combined Control and Mirror posts,
where a manual yellow flag may be
used rather than the DigiFlag.
The Digital Panel
Digiflag Panels will be mounted
at each Flag Post and at the Start
and Finish Line. The DigiFlag panel
consists of LEDs mounted on a black
edged panel. The panel is lit on both
sides and is hinged so that it will rotate
if impacted, thus reducing damage. It
can also be folded back to avoid being
hit during track maintenance.
The Digiflag panel will also incorporate
the letters “SC”, which will be
illuminated should the Safety Car
be called on track. There are special
panels at the start/ finish line to
represent the three black flags.
The brightness of the panels can be
adjusted to be brighter in daylight or
where there is reduced visibility.
All Digiflags are controlled at the
marshals post, although Race Control
can override the system is required.
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The Marshals Control box
The Marshals Control Box permits the
Flag Marshal to pick the flag, which
is to be exhibited at their post. The
panel also shows what flags are being
exhibited at the previous and following
posts.
Both the Safety Car and Red Flag
signals are operated from the Race
Control. The buttons for these
functions are only operational should
there be a fault in the connection with
the Race Control server.
The Reset button is used to cancel
flags. A special button on the base of
the box enables the speed of flashing of
the panel to be increased so as to alert
the driver on the sense of urgency.
Race Control
Screens at Race Control show the
positions of the DigiFlag panels and the
flags being exhibited at each position.
Some actions will be performed
automatically. For instance if a Marshal
chooses the Double waved Yellow Flag,
the system will introduce a single waved
flag at the previous Post and a Green
flag at the following post. If a Yellow
Flag is shown at a Post with a Mirror,
the same flag will be automatically
shown at the mirror point.
The black flags are operated by Race
Control. The car number can be
entered by keying it into the computer.
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The system maintains a record of all
flag operations (flag, date, time, Post)
and who carried out the operations
(Marshal or Clerk of the Course etc).
Starting Lights
The signal to start is indicated by
all the red lights over the Start Line
being switched off, the time lapse
between switching on the red lights to
extinguishing them is 3 to 5 seconds.
12. Radio Communication
12.1 General
The radio channels and issue of such
are designed to have all marshals within
“shouting distance” from Race Control
instructions. No marshal should be
further than 50 meters away from a
senior marshal with radio contact with
Race Control. This provides us with the
ability to have all marshals alerted or
instructed within seconds of an order
being issued. Likewise, observations
or warnings from marshals in the field
can be transmitted to Race Control
within seconds.
All radio channels at race circuits
combine a number of officials, or
positions, on the one network. If we
are to use these channels properly and
they are to serve their function properly
we must all remember that radio is
strictly a one at-a-time system and
will only serve its full purpose if proper
discipline is used at all times.
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Calls between users on the ground
should be arranged through Race
Control, and then only to transmit
information necessary for the proper
running of the event.
Once you press the transmit button, no
one can interrupt you or use the system.
You must therefore be brief and to the
point. Include only such information
as is necessary to get your message
across and to allow the receiver of
the message to take the appropriate
action.
Collect your radio each morning at the
Radio Communications office before
the general briefing, and return it each
night to the Radio Issue Area or to the
Medical Centre (if part of the Medical
team) before the seniors debriefing.
Report any problems with the unit when
you return it.
Check the “Minute X Minute Schedule”
each morning for the time from which
your channel should be monitored. If
you are tied up with briefings etc. at
that time, or at any other time when you
should be monitoring the radio, give it
to another marshal who must then
remain with you while she/he has the
equipment.
Be careful not to inadvertently have
your button pressed down by Clothes or
other gear - this can disrupt the whole
communication network.
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Part one
Protect the radio from rain by placing
under waterproof gear if possible.
Use a nearby radio or phone to report
battery problems. Spares will be available.
Except in unusual circumstances, the
initial reporting of incidents is handled
by the Incident Officer at the Control
Posts. These reports should not be
made over other channels, unless in
the most unusual circumstances, or by
prior arrangement with Race Control.
12.2 Radios
The radios used at events vary and
instructions relating to the use of the
specific equipment and system will
be made known by the Organiser, to
all who require it. All officials must
pick up their handset from the “Radio
Communications office” at the time
of the first sign on. At the end of each
day the Radio is to be returned to the
“Radio Communications office” for
overnight charging. The Radio can then
be collected on sign on for the next
day. It is important that this procedure
is followed so as to avoid any radios
failing due to no battery power.
Attaching the headphone:
To turn on:
To adjust volume:
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DO NOT change channel:
One to One Call:
All the above functions will be in final
guide with specific information.
12.3 Radio Communication Channels
The main radio communication
channels used by Race Control will
be advised separately with specific
instructions for the event.
12.4 Using the Radio
Preparation
When about to transmit, hesitate for
a second and collect your thoughts
before calling.
Listen, then when the channel is clear,
press the button, hesitate again for a
second, then make the call. Use a clear,
normal voice, with the microphone
close to your lips. If reception is bad,
try moving a meter or two, or away
from buildings and fences.
With respect to reporting reception
levels, judge the standard of reception
and respond accordingly. Don’t say
“loud and clear” simply because that
is what you always say. The system of
reporting signal strength and clarity
on a scale of one to five may be better.
“Reading you five by five” or “Reading
you fives” is the equivalent of loud and
clear. Adjust the numbers accordingly.
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Be prepared to reposition to improve
reception.
Calling In
Press button wait for a second before
speaking.
In the case of individuals as well as
vehicles, radio users should use their
official title or call-sign e.g. Chief Pit,
Medic 1, Yankee Mike One Three or
Papa two (post 2) etc. All radio users
must use their designated call sign at
all times during any communication
traffic.
Boundary riders should use their
call-sign followed by their location
E.g. “Boundary Rider two at Turn 7
outside”.
Identify the intended recipient (usually
Race Control) first, and then identify
yourself. Wait for an acknowledgment
before continuing
“Base, this is ___”. After Race Control
has acknowledged your Call and
indicated to you should proceed with
your message. In this way, you have
alerted the receiver of the message,
identified yourself, and been assured
that the recipient is ready to receive
the message.
If asked to “Hold” or “Wait One” be
patient - other things may be going
on that you are not aware of. Allow a
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PART ONE
reasonable time for a response, and
then transmit a second time.
Message
When identifying yourself or others, do
not abbreviate your call sign
If anything is not understood, request a
repeat of the message - a misunderstood
message can be dangerous.
Be calm, brief and to the point. Do not
waste words or make conversation.
Some guidelines are as follows:
Use numbers for car identification,
NOT competitor’s names, except if
the message relates directly to a
competitor.
Give a clear, precise description
of the incident circumstances,
remembering that Race Control
must make the appropriate
responses on your information
alone. Describe positions accurately
e.g. “100 m. before the apex of Turn
11, on driver’s right”
Advise what services may be
needed e.g. Fire, Medical, etc.
Ambulances are sent by Race
Control for the transport of
casualties, and not as a response
for medical assistance. Do not call
for an ambulance - Call for Medical
or Rescue.
At all times, keep Race Control
informed about the progress of all
emergency responses and activity
in concise, clear messages.
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Part one WWW.ATCUAE.AE WWW.ATCUAE.AE PART ONE

Advise whether the competitor 12.5 Other Radio Terms The Radio Alphabet and Numbers 12.6 Sample Communication
appears to be OK, or if you think, in Procedures
need of further attention. Affirmative Letter Pronunciation
Pronounced A - ffirmative Incident
The Post Chief or Flag marshal will Negative A Alpha Cars 4 and 12 collide at entry to turn
confirm what flags are being shown No B Bravo 3. Car 4 spins to right and stops: Car
during incident, and when the track Understood C Charlie 12 leaves track to left and hits barrier.
has returned to normal. Where as Understand your message. D Delta Flames can be seen.
the Incident Officer will advise Race Acknowledge E Echo
Control of more in-depth incident & I understand your message F Foxtrot Communication
driver information. Relevant G Gulf
Used to break into a communication when H Hotel Post 6
Calls from Race Control you have information relevant to what is I India “Base, this is Papa six”.
If Race Control wishes to speak to being said. J Juliet
you, they will call: “Base to .............. “, Go Ahead K Kilo Base
and your answer should be “Go Ahead Permission granted to speak (usually L Lima “Go ahead Papa six”.
Base. this is Post x or Call sign”. preceded by a call sign). M Mike
Listen clearly to questions asked and Send or Pass Your Message N November Post 6
provide information requested. Permission to pass on message O Oscar “Cars four and one-two have collided,
Go Again, Repeat P Papa car one-two has hit the barrier and is
Follow up Repeat message Q Quebec on fire. We require a fire unit on drivers’
Race Control will usually ask for a Over R Romeo left at Turn 3 – driver is not moving, can
written report if required - in general I have finished what I have to say, but you S Sierra I have a Medic car on stand-by”.
they are needed for vehicle to vehicle, may want to come back to me. T Tango
barrier, or person incidents, where Out.. U Uniform Base
rule infringement has occurred, and This conversation is ended V Victor “Papa six, confirm you require Fire
where further risks remain because of Over and Out W Whiskey Unit at Turn 3 on driver’s left”.
the incident. Is wrong. Don’t use it. X X-Ray
All Radio transmissions MUST be Y Yankee Post 6
Judge the situation and to gain priority controlled and go through Race Control Z Zulu “Affirmative, Fire Unit required”.
over other callers precede your call (Base) and furthermore in the event of
sign with one of the following: an incident all vehicle based systems Please see Appendix 8 Base
i.e. Rescue or Medical intervention Radio Call Signs “Papa six, do you require medical
PRIORITY cars must confirm their arrival at the assistance (Race Control dispatches
A savvier incident which may have the scene. a Fire Unit, and places an intervention
potential or a Life or death situation vehicle on standby”.)

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Post 6 Post 6 If hazards or risks remain after an 1. Identification (call-sign) or Track

“Base this is Papa six”.
Base
“Go ahead Papa six”.
Post 6
“Driver is out of the car and appears
Kilo one-nine, Medical response not
required”.
Base
“Fire unit is on the way, please provide
update. (driver condition, barrier
condition etc)
Base
“Thank you, Papa six, please report
location of vehicles relevant to track,
that requires recovery assistance.”
Post 6
“Base, this is Papa six”.
Base
“Go ahead Papa six. Fire unit has
arrived. Fire is out. Car one-two is off
the track, and will require a full lift.
Car 4 is close to track but considered
in a safe location.
Car 4 requires a straight tow”.
Post 6
“Base, this is Papa 6”.
Base
“Go ahead Papa six”.
“Fire unit has left Turn 3 and is behind
barriers. All marshals are clear and in
a place of safety”.
Base
“Thank you, Papa six - please advise
if Medical is required to collect drivers
following the session”.
13. Written Reports
These reports, usually generated in
writing by the Post Chief following an
on-track incident involving a competing
car, then handed to the course car
between sessions. Although Race
Control may require a Boundary Rider
to collect an important report prior to
a sessions conclusion. The report will
be logged, and a dedicated incident
number is assigned to the report. All
reports relating to that incident are
assigned the same incident number and
are matched up with each other during
the processing of the reports. Reports
of non on-track incidents may also be
generated by authorized officials, using
the same Incident Report Form, and
handled appropriately.
These should be written with the same
approach as for verbal reports - think
clearly about what you want to say, and
then write it down using a minimum of
words. Do not guess, or presume what
caused the accident - just record what
you saw happen. (Facts Only)
accident, mention this in the report,
and include any action you have taken
to check on or remove the risk. This
can include oil or dirt on the track,
damaged fencing or signs, empty fire
extinguisher. If checked & all clear,
say so. This can be written on the back
of the form if more space is needed.
Written reports should be made
(following a verbal report) using an
Incident Report Form whenever
there is car-to-car, car-to-barrier,
or car-to-person contact, where a
person is possibly injured, where rules
are broken, or where Race Control
requests it. Written reports must
include time of incident, a diagram if
relevant, action such as flags taken,
and detail of witness/s.
A Hazard/ Engineering Report Form
can be used for a written report
identifying a hazard or risk to Race
Control if the risk does not arise from
an Incident.
Race Control must be told when a
written report is ready for collection.
13.1 What to Report
The following items are examples that
should be thought about then reported
if considered relevant to required action
from Race Control. If not relevant, do
not report.
Location Post of caller.
2. Type & brief details of Incident.
Car/s number/s - Spin / spin and
resumed / stop and stop.
Leaking fuel/oil/water.
Car ran wide / kerb hopping /
repeated kerb hopping.
Car smoking
Car slow or stopped.
Car in a safe position behind
barriers or not / track blocked or
partially blocked.
Severity of impact –light / medium
or hard.
Location of car.
Driver’s left or right.
Driver condition (or Officials,
Spectators).
Response required of Race Control
- Medical I Fire.
Tow requirements - Flat or lift.
3. Track or barrier condition before,
then following incident.
Debris.
Oil.
Deterioration of track surface.
Damaged fencing.
Flag signals shown to drivers
4. Driver Conduct- unsafe or
reckless, dangerous re-entry.
5. Breach of racing rules- e.g.
Passing under yellow flags.
6. Equipment Checks - missing or
replacements - e.g. extinguishers.
7. Housekeeping - drinks, lunches,
flat batteries, pit stops.

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Part one
8. Service Vehicles on closed track -
tow vehicles, supply vehicles.
9. Unauthorized Personnel -
spectators or photographers in
dangerous locations.
10. Changes in weather conditions.
11. Circuit/ track Clearances
requested by Race Control
12. Radio Checks requested by Race
Control.
Racing information - to receive lap
updates, leaders’ positions listen
to other transmissions - From
Race Control and other Posts.
13.2 Types of Reports
In addition to the radio channels which
are used for all initial transmissions
between Race Control, the system of
written reports provides a “paper trail”
for all matters outside the normal.
All such reports are written by
whichever officials observe what is
being reported, then forwarded to the
Administration Office of the Secretary
of the Meeting in the Support Paddock,
where they are logged and processed.
The most common report is the
Incident Report. This will be used to
detail any appropriate incident, usually
where there is car to car contact, car
to barrier contact, injury or potential
injury, or apparent rule infringement.
Where potential injury is involved,
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the casualty is placed in the care of
the medical team who will write a
Medical Report to detail the Medical
Check, and the results of that test. Any
Medical Report indicating injury will be
mated up with the appropriate Incident
Report, for further evaluation by Race
Control and the Race Administration.
At the same time, the involved car/s
will be inspected by Scrutineers who
will draw up a Technical Report on the
vehicle/s.
Matters which are not the subject of
an Incident Report almost invariably
involve hazards or risks, and so we
call them Hazard Reports. They are
processed in the same manner as
the Incident Reports, except that the
resulting action may require them to be
passed onto engineers, the promoter,
or other body which is in a position to
address the risk exposed.
13.3 Incident Reports from
Trackside Marshals
1. Report (incident and/or technical)
written on site by official.
2. Written Report transmitted to
Race Control, by Boundary Rider
or Course Car.
3. Report logged on Report Log,
by dedicated Race Control
Administration Official.
4. Report form identified by number
from Report Log, and then kept in
Report File.
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5. Some reports may identify a
hazard or potential risk*, these
will be copied and logged in the
Risk File Log as well (using the
same format as the report Log), for
separate processing as a Risk File
Report in addition to processing as
an Incident Report.
6. Reports requiring further
information are followed up with
official generating the report -
using the circuit communications
systems or in person.
7. Reports requiring judicial action
are discussed with the Clerk
of the Course. Any consequent
action deemed necessary is
then proceeded with by Clerk of
the Course or by Race Control
Administration Official.
8. Risk File reports are followed
up during the event to assess
management strategies and
status of risk recognized. Notes
are to be made on report form or
attached thereto.
9. Risk File Log reviewed each
evening and at end of Meeting for
identification and management of
similar risks in future.
10. Report File, including log, passed to
Secretary of the Meeting at end of
Meeting for checking, and further
processing e.g. National Incident
Data Base or Insurance purposes
and filing. The report files are also
available to the Organisers for
their internal evaluation and use.
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PART ONE
13.4 Medical Reports
Medical Report written by treating
medical officer on each person
presenting.
Medical Reports with any injury
noted are forwarded to Race
Control at end of each day, or
earlier if appropriate.
Medical Reports with no injury kept
as separate file in Medical Centre
these are passed to Secretary of
the Meeting at end of Meeting for
checking then to the ASN (ATCUAE)
for further processing e.g. National
Incident Data Base or insurance
purposes and filing.
Medical Report (indicating injury)
logged on Report Log, by dedicated
Race Control Administration
Official.
Medical Report form identified by
number from Report Log, then
kept in Report File.
Medical reports (on injuries)
are collected and mated (where
appropriate or assigned a unique
ID number) with Incident a~d
Technical reports at least by end
of each day - combined medical/
Incident/technical reports
forwarded to the Secretary of the
Meeting for further processing at
end of Meeting, via Stewards of the
Meeting.
If no Medical Team personnel
present at time of presenting with
injury, Secretary of the Meeting
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Part one
or Clerk of the Course to ensure
details of person, type of injury,
and time & detail of incident are
entered on form. Form passed to
CMO as soon as possible.
All Medical Reports are passed
to the Secretary of the Meeting
at the end of Meeting for further
processing.
The Medical report form consists of
a three page carbon copy form, one
copy for the patient or ambulance
if transferred to hospital, a second
copy for the secretary of the meeting
and the third for the circuit owners.
13.5 Engineering / Hazard Reports
Engineering reports are generated
by senior marshals for property,
engineering, and facility problems.
If urgent - Reports collected by
Boundary Rider or Course Marshal
during day and transmitted to the
Administration office of the Secretary
of the Meeting. A copy is generated
for the Circuit Maintenance for
action.
Circuit maintenance log report/
problem and consider priority.
Depending on priority, problem is
discussed with Circuit Engineers.
Solutions implemented where
possible.
If no solution is able to be
implemented during the meeting,
issue is noted for attention in
following year.
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If non-urgent, routine or intangible
issues on reports are handed to
Secretary of the Meeting at Senior
Officials debrief each evening
or collected direct from Senior
Marshal by Circuit official.
Circuit log report/problem and
consider priority.
Depending on priority, problem is
discussed with Circuit Engineers
Solutions implemented where
possible.
If no solution is able to be
implemented during the meeting,
issue is noted for attention in
following year.
14. Closed Circuit TV (CCTV)
Race Control has a Closed Circuit TV
system (CCTV) in place, with enough
remote control cameras around the
circuit for Race Control staff to focus on
and see all areas of the track between
the barriers. While not generally
suitable for watching incidents unfold,
CCTV permits Race Control staff
to see in detail what is happening,
and what is required following an
incident. With this information, they
can assist the trackside response
personnel with advice and by sending
further equipment without having
to be specifically asked. It also puts
them in a better position to anticipate
completion of the response and
subsequent restarts.
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Emergency
15.1. Introduction
Track Rescue Personnel- Personnel
required in the field management of
an incident. Such personnel would or
may include:
1. Rescue and track clearance
marshals.
2. Fire and Rescue marshals
3. Sector, track or flag marshals
4. Track side medical service
personnel.
The definition of Track Rescue
Personnel does not include emergency
service personnel such as Police, Fire
Service, or Ambulance (except in their
contractual role as a part of the Track
Side Medical Service).
15.2. Description & Titles Given to
Various Levels of Track
Emergencies
15.2.1. Incident
An unusual or unplanned event (of
significance) which:
(a) Occurs as a direct result of racing
activity; or
(b) Affects the safety of any person
engaged in racing activity; or
(c) Exposes any deficiency in safety
procedures or facility.
It is the ultimate responsibility of the
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PART ONE
Clerk of the Course to determine
whether an event constitutes an
Incident.
15.2.2. Activated Incident
An incident which requires remedial
action (beyond that normally available
at the scene of the incident) including:
The mobilization of Track Rescue
Personnel or medical intervention.
Or which in the opinion of the Clerk
of the Course or Stewards of the
Meeting, may warrant the stopping
of an event. The stopping of an
event is warranted if the safety
of any person is unreasonably
compromised because of an
incident, and after the routine
responses available (e.g. yellow
flags, Safety Car) while the event
is continued have been utilized or
considered.
15.2.3 Critical Incident
An incident which results in:
(a) Injury (of significance) to a
member of the public; or
(b) Serious injury to any person which
is likely to cause death
15.2.4. Medical Alert
An incident or situation which has not
been declared a Critical Incident, but
which requires the concentrated focus
of the medical team on a response
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Part one
and which may escalate into a Critical
Incident.
15.2.5. Major Incident
A major Incident is an incident, more
likely occurring in the public area
but possibly in the area specified for
competition, which is beyond the scope
of the resources at the venue to cope
with and where there is considered to
be increased danger to personnel if
outside assistance is not sought.
15.3 General Notes for Emergencies
During any emergency situation,
circumstances will dictate whether
the event on the circuit is stopped or
not. The policy is to keep all events
going unless the emergency creates
unacceptable hazards for those who
are continuing to use the circuit, or
for those involved in a response to
the emergency. This policy exists in
the interests of keeping the majority
of the crowd focused on proceedings
on the track, and not the emergency
situation. The final decision will be
made between Race Control, a Police
Officer appointed to such a role and
the event promoter.
All marshals and race emergency
services will usually remain under the
control of their own race operations
hierarchy during any emergency,
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regardless of whether the event is
stopped or not. They are not available
to assist in handling an emergency
in the public area unless authorized
to do so by Race Control. If Race
Control approves the involvement of
marshals in the handling of a non-race
emergency, Race Control must at the
same time be specific about whether
the marshals are being placed under
the authority of another responding
body or whether they will continue to
function under their own authority.
During emergencies on the track,
Race Control may still liaise with and
seek assistance from various other
authorities by contacting that authority
direct or through another source, if
considered appropriate.
15.4. Authority during Emergencies
The normal race hierarchy will
continue to function during emergency
situations. The Post Chief or Incident
Officer will take control of any situation
in his/ her area and will see it through
to restoration of normal conditions
unless a more senior official arrives
to take charge. All Marshals must
remain calm, and assist as required,
also remain close to a senior official
with radio contact with Race Control.
All the emergency vehicles are under
direct control of Race Control and can
only attend incidents when directed
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by Race Control. If such vehicles are
needed, Race Control must be informed
and will direct the appropriate vehicles
to the site. Emergency vehicles will
usually travel to an incident along
the non-track access roads. In some
circumstances they may be directed
by Race Control to enter the track, and
in this case the trackside marshals
should assist them to safely do so.
During the response to any incident,
all marshals must work as a team
to assist and protect each other, if
marshals are not needed. They must
move away from the incident site
and return behind the barriers, but
be ready to re-approach the site if
needed. Stopped vehicles should be
removed to places of safety as quickly
as possible, and the driver encouraged
moving behind the barriers straight
away unless there is a possibility of
injury, in which case they should only
be moved under medical direction.
Casualties likely to be treated while at
the trackside must be protected. This
will happen under direction from Race
Control and the Post Chief.
15.5. Incident Response by Marshals
Marshals must keep in mind the need
to protect themselves and others from
all unnecessary risks, particularly
during emergencies. This includes
only carrying out those procedures
that you are trained and equipped for
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e.g. only designated fire marshals
should attempt to combat fire,
except in exceptional circumstances
and only then if the marshals are
completely confident in their safety
and competence.
Similarly, the Medical Team is appointed
to apply first aid and also carry out
advanced medical procedures, and they
should not be more than seconds away
from attending any emergency. At such
times, the role of the other Marshals is
to protect everyone from further danger
or damage until the experts arrive.
Track marshals and trackside Medical
Crews should not be caught unaware
when an incident occurs. In advance,
work out between your Sector Marshal
and yourselves who will go to the
driver, who will go to the vehicle, who
will check the track and who will be
ready to call dangerous situations to
the other responding marshals.
All equipment should be taken to an
incident unless very obviously that
it will not be needed. Apart from the
fact that further damage or injury
may be caused by not having the right
equipment with you, nothing looks
worse than a marshal having to return
to the post to get equipment that
should have been taken in the first
place. If an incident happens close to
your position, be alert and prepared to
move to avoid a car or debris that could
PAGE / 41
Part one
place you in danger. In responding
to an incident, always check the
oncoming traffic and which flags are
displayed to offer you some protection.
Then approach the incident with the
oncoming traffic in good view. Keep
stopped vehicles between you and the
traffic whenever possible. Get as close
to the incident as you can from behind
the barriers before moving out from
behind the barriers.
Check the driver to see if he/she needs
assistance. If he / she appear to require
medical help, signal for assistance
from the medical team. DO NOT MOVE
AN IMMOBILE PERSON or ATTEMPT
TO REMOVE A HELMET or HEAD/
NECK RESTRAINT SYSTEM UNLESS
REQUESTED TO HELP BY MEDICAL
STAFF
Trackside marshals should not
touch or manhandle any stranded
competitors (injured or not) unless
absolutely necessary. Use simple
gestures to guide them to a safe
location. Keep an eye out for sudden
irrational behavior such as a lack of
direction in their movements. Call for
medical assistance if required.
Never turn your back to oncoming
traffic whether entering or leaving the
circuit or while at the incident scene,
unless another marshal is keeping
watch for you.
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Note that track marshals generally
have no authority to prevent stopped
competitors from working on their
vehicle or from further participation in
practice or races. The track marshals
can only stop them from continuing
after an accident if the vehicle is
leaking fluid or is damaged to such
an extent that it would endanger
other competitors if returned to the
track, or if the competitor appears
impaired in any way. ln this case, he
should be checked by a doctor before
being permitted to continue. If you are
ignored, inform Race Control.
If unable to be started, remove stopped
vehicles from the track and push
them to a safe area behind or on top
of barriers. If they cannot be shifted
and are in any danger of sustaining
or causing further damage by any
subsequent accident, let Race Control
know this.
Race cars should have a battery
isolation switch clearly marked on
the bodywork. Ensure this is switched
OFF.
Do not call for an ambulance etc.
until you have properly checked the
situation, and then call for Medical
assistance - do not anticipate what will
be required.
During emergencies, each Marshal is
responsible for his or her speciality,
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and others must be prepared to assist
but not interfere with this. Medical
team provides the medical response,
fire marshals the fire response.
After an incident, check the track for
any oil/debris if safe to do so, and
inform flag marshals if any problem
is observed. In any case, they should
be prepared to display the slippery
surface flag for any vehicle that stops
on the track until they know the
circumstances. Examine vehicles for
any fluid leaks as well. Also check
surrounding barriers in case they have
been damaged or weakened. Race
Control needs to know of this before
racing is resumed.
Leave the incident scene and return
directly to your protected position as
soon as you have no further reason to
remain exposed to danger in the area.
Observe all incidents. If there is a
collision between a vehicle and another
vehicle or barrier, you may need to fill
in an “Incident Report Form” stating
what you saw, using simple diagrams.
Remember, state only facts, not
assumptions. Note on the report any
remaining problem such as damaged
fencing, debris on the ground, dirt on
the track.
15.6. Fire Protection
The likelihood of fire at a motor racing
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event is remote but still a possibility,
particularly in the Garages and Pit
area and we must all be alert to spilt
or leaking fuel and other fire risks.
Because of this we have fire units
ready to enter the paddocks or pit
area as well as the track, and trained
fire marshals patrolling the area as
well. Fire extinguishers are issued to
each trackside post around the circuit
for use by the trackside marshals.
Marshals should check the equipment
on first arriving at their posts, and
familiarize themselves with its proper
use.
15.7. Medical
Motorsport is a long way from
being one of the most dangerous
sports, but, despite all the protective
measures - roll cages, helmets, seat
belts, fire proof overalls, plumbed in
extinguishers - high speed impacts
occur, cars catch fire and people get
injured.
The circuit has paramedics and doctors
based at various points around the
track, intended to provide first aid to
injured drivers or officials, and to make
an assessment as to whether further
medical aid is required. Specialist
medical teams are positioned at key
points in high-powered vehicles, which
can be quickly driven to a serious
incident
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There are also medical extraction
teams, which carry the equipment
necessary to remove any casualty
trapped in a car. On top of all this
there will be ambulances. At all races,
there will be a medical chase car.
The FIA’s medical chase car can be
driven to the scene of any major injury.
When it arrives at the stricken car, a
warning light system located on the
top of cockpit provides an immediate
indication of the severity of the
accident.
The circuit also has a fully-equipped
medical centre. This includes dedicated
resuscitation facility. Local hospitals
will also be on stand-by during
the course of a race, more serious
injuries can be transferred to them
by ambulance or Medivac Helicopter.
The medical staff has their own radio
network, through which they will liaise
with race control
The Medical Team is well staffed
and equipped to carry out rescue
and retrieval procedures in the event
of an incident and the usual role of
the trackside marshals is to provide
protection for the medical team, and
other assistance if requested.
In the case of an incident, try to approach
the driver from their direction of vision.
Speak to the driver - his response or
lack of it is a key indicator to whether
further assistance is needed.
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Don’t grab a casualty and don’t drag
an unconscious casualty out of a car,
leave it to the Medical Team. The
first can lead to a violent reaction if
they have been hit on the head, the
second could leave them paralyzed,
look out for the quiet casualty. The
more noise a casualty is making, the
fewer problems they are likely have.
A conscious casualty who is speaking
must be breathing.
15.8. Use of Emergency Vehicles
15.8.1 Background to the Role
All Race Meeting organizations have a
variety of Emergency Vehicles present
to respond to incidents, on direction
from Race Control. The number and
type vary depending on circumstances,
but the principles remain the same.
Fire is handled by fire or track marshals
on foot, and by a number of dedicated
vehicles manned by fire marshals.
These vehicles usually carry rescue
and cutting tools as well.
The medical team is comprised of
doctor/s, and paramedics in Intervention
Vehicles stationed around the track, by
ambulances available for transport,
and the vehicles are supplemented by
Medical Ground-posts stationed around
the track at key points (able to respond
on foot without specific direction from
Race Control), and a medical centre.
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All Emergency Vehicles are crewed
by experienced drivers, and other
specialists, one of whom will act as the
vehicle radio operator while he is in the
vehicle. Each vehicle is constantly in
radio contact with Race Control, and
take their instructions from there. The
purpose of all emergency vehicles is to
get expert help to an incident without
undue delay, and as safely as can be
done in the circumstances presented at
the time.
Each intervention or emergency vehicle
is in radio contact with Race Control
and will only respond to emergencies
on the direction of Race Control. The
radio network for medical emergency
vehicles will link each Track Response
Unit to Race Control, to each other,
and also to other medical personnel
and services at all times.
While events (race and practice)
are taking place on the circuit, and
the emergency vehicles are not on
stand-by, it must be possible to place
the vehicle and crew on stand-by
within 10 seconds. The radio must be
manned at all times. On being aware
of an incident which may require the
response from an Emergency Vehicle,
the Race Control Operator will place
the appropriate vehicles on “stand-
by”, meaning that the crew will sit in
the vehicle with seat-belts on and the
motor running, but NOT with lights
flashing. If Race Control requires a
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vehicle to respond, the order will be
given over the radio for a specific
vehicle (identified by allocated title and
number) to “scramble”, meaning that
the flashing lights will be switched on
and the vehicle driven onto the track
when it appears safe to do so.
The location and a broad description
of the emergency will then be given
to assist the crew of the Emergency
Vehicle to be prepared.
Any instructions from Race Control
have the authority of the Clerk of
Course
- They must be obeyed unless
impossible.
15.8.2 The Emergency Vehicle
Driver’s Role
The driver has been selected as
someone who has extensive driving
experience under pressure - not for
their prowess or otherwise as a race
driver. The objective is to get the crew
of the vehicle to an incident swiftly and
safely without becoming a hazard to
the competing drivers and others on
the track.
Remember, in this role you are
an emergency worker with race
experience, not a race driver. Keep cool
- don’t go faster than you can think on
or off the track - make all your moves
positive ones - pre-plan your approach
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Part one
to an incident - park so as to protect
the crews without unnecessarily
blocking traffic - leave room for other
emergency vehicles - be ready to
provide your fire extinguishers to the
fire marshals if you have them - keep
out of the way but be prepared to help
if asked.
All Emergency Vehicle Crews must
be aware of their “call-sign”, and also
read the Notes on Radio Use in this
manual.
You must be familiar with the circuit,
the location of the various facilities
and posts around the circuit and with
the alternative routes to any particular
position. You must be familiar with the
circuit numbering system, which has
each corner after the Start line being
numbered consecutively starting with
Turn 1 being the first corner.
15.8.3 Procedure for Action
At their station, each vehicle crew must
remain with the vehicle in readiness at
all times. They must stay in the vehicle
or very close to it. If Race Control calls
and places a vehicle on “Standby”,
all the crew should be seated in the
vehicle with seatbelts on, and with the
motor running. They should remain in
this position until instructed to “Stand-
down”.
However, if instructed to “Scramble”
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the driver should check the track in
front or check for pre-arranged signals
from a marshal close by, switch on the
flashing lights, then drive out onto the
track in race-direction. You should be
aware of where the incident is; if not
then drive defensively until you reach
an obvious problem, or are signaled to
by the trackside marshals.
You must only “scramble” on
instruction from Race Control. If
sighting an incident which may require
you to move, by all means place
yourselves on “Standby”, but DO NOT
move without instruction.
Although you may have some level
of track experience, you may not be
prepared for the very rapid acceleration
and closing speeds of a Formula 1
car. Accordingly, you are instructed
to stay off the racing line whenever
possible. Generally you should stay
on whichever side of the track you
entered on unless you must swap, and
then only with extreme caution and in
an area where you have the most rear-
ward vision. If possible, change sides
close to the incident in the area covered
by yellow flags. Use traffic indicators
if appropriate but don’t rely on them
(and remember to cancel them when
not needed).
In the emergency business it is better
to get there a few seconds later than
risk another accident and never get
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there. You must choose your speeds
carefully - the general rule is that on
an Open Track. “Suburban speeds”
(60 to 100 kmh) are required, and on
a “closed track” you chose your speed
according to the emergency and the
circumstances. Speed in paddock and
public areas should not exceed 10
kmh unless in exceptional emergency
circumstances, and then only if able to
be done safely.
15.8.4 On arrival at an Incident Site
The radio operator should be able to let
you know exactly where the incident is.
Slow down as you approach, and check
out the situation. If approaching an
incident on the track, if you can judge
where the wind is coming from and
there is the faintest chance of fire, stop
upwind from the incident. If stopping
before the incident, try to create a
safe area for the emergency crew to
work in by parking about ten meters
from the incident and on a slight
angle to the race traffic to deflect any
subsequent impacts. Leave room for
other emergency vehicles, particularly
fire units which may need to get closer
to the incident than you are. DON’T
BLOCK MORE OF THE TRACK THAN
YOU HAVE TO.
While parked at an incident trackside,
leave the lights flashing, the
handbrake on, and close your vehicle
doors. If approaching an incident off
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the track, approach the area closely
and take note of the various access
routes and working area available. Do
not block the marshals’ access to the
track, or the Track post Medical Teams
stretcher access off the track. Park so
that the rear of your vehicle is easily
reachable by a stretcher team.
15.8.5 After the Incident
When the incident is cleaned up, Race
Control will give you directions on
where to proceed to - it may not be back
to where you were originally stationed.
It may be to the next available “gap” in
the fencing. In the next break in activity,
you may be directed to shift to a more
suitable spot, so be prepared.
15.8.6 Looking after Vehicles
The crew is responsible at all times
for the presentation of the vehicle, and
for its preparedness for its intended
use, including but not limited to the
following:
The vehicle must be cleaned daily,
and at other times if unusually
dirty.
The vehicle equipments and
contents must be checked each
morning and any shortages re-
stocked.
The interior of the vehicle must be
free of rubbish, food containers etc.
that will appear unprofessional.
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Tyre pressures must be checked
at the start of the Meeting, and at
any other time when a problem is
suspected.
Radio batteries must be charged
daily, and a spare carried in the
vehicle if available.
15.8.7 Vehicle Lights
Lights
Flashing roof lamps will be operated
only when vehicles are responding to
emergency calls, or when a specific
instruction to do so is issued by Race
Control e.g. during inspections or
parades.
Hazard Warning Lamps
Flashing indicator lights may be used at
any time to indicate that Race Control
Staff or Stewards of the Meeting are
on the track, during emergencies or
during inspection laps,
Flag &/or Lights
The Course Car will show green flags
or green lights during all track opening
laps, and red flags or red lights during
all track closure laps.
15.9. Equipment
Race Control may direct additional
equipment or resources to an incident
at the request of the Sector Marshal
or the doctor, Remember that every
extra person or vehicle sent around
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the track is another hazard and this
has to be considered in every case.
15.10 The Communications Systems
and Procedures
The circuit is well served with
communications systems and it is
critical that each system is used
correctly and that proper procedure is
observed. The prime purpose of each
system is to provide Race Control with
information from around the circuit,
and for Race Control to be able to issue
the appropriate instructions to any
particular official, or team of officials.
No system should ever be used for
side-chat or useless information.
A log of transmissions over each
communications channel is maintained
at all times, so that detail can be cross-
checked at a later time.
An incident will usually be first reported
to Race Control over the Radio, and
then handled by the Post Chief over his
or her radio for more detailed reporting
and requests. This will then leave the
Radio free for the reporting of other
problems around the circuit. Contact
over any of the systems requires the
same concentration. Think about what
you want to say, and then report in
clear and concise detail.
Contact must begin with a clear
identification of who the message is
for, then a clear identification of the
sender (using your position around the
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circuit as the location of the sender -
refer back to circuit numbering).
15.11. Critical Incident
When an Incident is identified as
Critical (indicating a fatality or potential
fatality), Race Control will initiate a
range of actions aimed at preserving
evidence of the incident, and at the
same time address the unique set of
circumstances which tend to arise at
such incidents.
An Incident Controller will be sent
to the incident site, to take charge
of the response and to assist with
preservation of the evidence.
An Incident Coordinator will be
appointed to coordinate the procedural
response to the incident. These officials
may be the Clerk of the Course, the
Secretary of the Meeting, or another
official qualified to assume such a role
while other officials get on with their
specific roles.
This Incident Coordinator will relate
to the civil authorities, to the other
organizations directly involved, and
to other involved persons as they
appear. He will ensure that the media
is catered for, there invariably being
a great media interest and pressure
at such an event. He will ensure that
persons emotionally affected by the
incident will be catered for, whether
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they are officials, other competitors,
family members of the casualty or
others affected by the incident.
The incident site must be returned to
Race Control as soon as possible for
the resumption of activities, usually
when the civil authorities and the
Incident Coordinator are satisfied that
all has been done that is required by
the circumstances.
15.12 The Safety Car
The safety car is very important to
ensuring the race does not suffer from
undue disruption, as its use allows the
race to continue even after a major
accident, or other incident serious
enough to require the presence of
marshals on the track. This obviously
cannot be allowed to happen with cars
running at full speed - or even under
the caution of yellow flags (as a driver
may fail to observe them). Instead
the safety car is deployed and the
pack ‘forms up’ behind it - running in
formation - until the obstacle or other
problem has been cleared away.
The safety car is on standby throughout
a race, ready to be dispatched by
Race Control at a moment’s notice.
State-of-the-art radio and video
equipment enable communication to
be maintained at all times. When the
Race Director/ Clerk of the Course
decide to deploy the safety car it will
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Part one
join the track immediately and from
that point no car may enter the pit
lane and no overtaking is allowed. The
safety car will then allow cars to pass
it until the race leader is immediately
behind it. When signaled to do so, any
lapped cars in among the leading pack
may then unlap themselves, pass the
safety car and proceed around the
circuit to retake their positions at the
back of the field. Once the correct race
order has been restored, the pit lane
will reopen. Throughout the process,
a ‘Safety Car’ board is also displayed
to drivers at the flag points and the
information will also be relayed over
radios from the pit lane.
When the Race Director/ Clerk of the
Course order the safety car to leave the
track again, a similarly exact procedure
is followed. At the start of its final lap
the safety car will turn off its Yellow
flashing lights. Competitors must still
remain behind in formation, but they
know that at the beginning of the next
lap they will be racing again. The safety
car will pull off into the pits at the end of
the lap and - as they cross the line - the
competitors restart their race.
16. Fire & Safety
16.1. General
Any trackside fire would normally be
handled by a trained Fire Marshal.
Other Marshals may be in the vicinity of
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a fire or may be required to assist a Fire
Marshal. For these reasons all Marshals
should have a basic knowledge of fire &
safety and the appliances required to
fight such fires.
Familiarize yourself with the cars
and their safety systems. Find out
where the fuel tank is and the external
extinguisher and fuel cut off switches.
Are they in the same place? Are they
both operated by the same switch?
Are there any other cut offs you need
to know about such as KERS?
16.2. Essentials of Fire Fighting
The priority is to save life and then to
protect property. The most obvious
danger to the driver is burns, but
fires consume oxygen and lack of
oxygen can result in brain damage
or even death before a casualty is
actually burnt. The aim has to be to
get to a burning vehicle and to have
the fire under control - and preferably
extinguished - within 30 seconds.
16.3. The Triangle of Fire
You must have three things in
order to have a fire
Something to burn
Oxygen
Enough heat to raise the material
to its ignition temperature.
Remove any one and the fire will
go out. Therefore you can
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Remove heat with a cool liquid
- water, foam or a dry powder
extinguisher
Remove fuel - turn off the fuel
supply or remove flammable
materials
Remove Oxygen - seal with foam
16.4. Classes of Fire
Class A - Free Burning. (Solid
materials - wood, cloth, paper,
vehicle trim). - Knock down with
dry powder, then use water or
foam to cool.
Class B - Flammable liquids
(oil, spirits, petroleum, alcohols,
greases, fats) - Fight with dry
powder, followed by foam or C02.
Class C - Flammable Gasses.
(Propane, butane, natural gas) -
Fight with dry powder and C02
Class 0 - Electrical Fires.(Any
electrical equipment) - Isolate the
source of power before using dry
powder or C02
Category developed by
extinguisher manufacturers
Chubb - Vehicle Protection - Knock
down with dry powder, cool and
seal with foam.
16.5. Fire Extinguishers
Marshals posts are usually equipped
with one or more pairs of Dry Powder
(blue) and AFFF Foam (white)
extinguishers, The powder and foam
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is forced out of the extinguisher by
pressurized gas which can either be in
a sealed cylinder which is punctured
when the trigger is squeezed or by
compressed gas stored inside the
extinguisher itself.
Stored pressure extinguishers operate
marginally faster than sealed cylinder
extinguishers as the gas has to
escape from the sealed cylinder into
the body of the extinguisher before
the powder or foam can be forced
out. Stored pressure extinguishers
have gauges which show whether the
pressure is sufficient. Sealed cylinder
extinguishers will not have a gauge.
Most On-Board extinguishers are
foam based, They are designed to
deliver twice as much as foam to the
engine bay as the cockpit and may
be thermally triggered. It can take
time for the liquid to reach the trigger
temperature. On-board extinguishers
may not work if the car is upside down.
On-board extinguishers are either fired
mechanically (by pulling a handle) or
electrically (by pressing a button or
flicking a switch).
Currently, fire extinguishers are colour
coded by painting the whole of the
extinguisher; however, the European
Union has decided that all new
extinguishers must be red or unpainted
stainless steel and their type will be
identified by a colored label, following
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the existing coding system. You may
find both types on circuit.
Extinguishers that are faulty must be
reported and replaced. Lay them down
on the edge of the track for collection
at the end of the day or leave them
as requested by the circuit Know the
difference between the electrical cut
off and extinguisher symbols. Always
isolate the power supply to stop fuel
being pumped into a hot engine. Don’t
hesitate to use on-board extinguishers.
They direct the extinguishing to where
it is most needed.
16.6. Types of Fire Extinguisher
Blue bottles (Dry Powder) –
Marshals Post
Filled with a powder which is propelled
by compressed air or Nitrogen, stored
in the extinguisher itself or C02,
stored in a sealed cylinder inside the
extinguisher which is punctured when
the trigger is squeezed.
Use the Dry Powder extinguisher first,
delivering short bursts of powder from
12 feet away, at the base of the fire to
knock the flames down. Dry powder
extinguishers provide cooling and, if
the powder is Monex, interfere with
the chemical reaction sustaining the
fire.
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Crean bottles (Light Water Foam or
Aqueous Film Forming Foam (AFFF)
- Marshals Posts
Filled with a mixture of water and a
detergent type liquid and propelled
by compressed air which is also
stored in the extinguisher or a sealed
cylinder inside it. Now used in onboard
extinguishers to replace Halon (below).
Once the flames have been knocked
down by the marshal(s) with the dry
powder extinguisher(s), marshals with
foam extinguishers move in to seal the
site of the fire and any fuel spills. Foam
should be allowed to fall onto the site of
the fire to cool and form a film excluding
air from fuel. Foam extinguishers do
not work so well with methanol fires as
the foam dissolves in the methanol and
does not form a film.
Black Bottle - Carbon Dioxide
Sometimes found in the pits or in
Race Control.
Disperses too easily to be effective in
motor sport context. Care is needed
as you can get cold burns, particularly
from the trumpet as the liquid C02
turns into a gas.
Red Bottle - Water. Used to provide
fire cover in stands, race control etc.
Solely for “Class A “ fires - Fires
involving cloth, wood and paper.
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16.7. What Burns on a Car
Fuel
Petrol is not the only fuel used in
racing. Some older cars and Indy cars
are fuelled by methanol which was
originally introduced because it could
be supercharged without risk of pre-
ignition. Methanol cools the engine as
it evaporates at a lower temperature
than petrol and auto ignites at far
higher temperature than petrol. so it
can undergo massive compression.
Methanol is harder to ignite than
petrol and burns with a clear flame.
which cannot be seen. A methanol
fire can be extinguished using dry
powder extinguishers, but the fuel
breaks down AFFF foam. Methanol is
both toxic and a narcotic which can be
absorbed through skin. Like petrol it
can cause painful burns.
Brakes
Brake fires are caused by the
temperature of the pads causing
the brake fluid to ignite. If the brake
assembly is not cooled the fluid will re-
ignite. This is one of the few occasions
where a foam extinguisher alone is
the best way of fighting the fire. Brake
discs are usually large enough to take
the thermal shock of rapid cooling
without shattering - but that remains a
possibility so stand well back and take
additional care.
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Turbos
Turbo fires also involve high
temperatures, however, rapid cooling
could well lead to the turbine in the hot
end Shattering, firing metal shrapnel
around. Although using a. dry powder
extinguisher will almost certainly mean
an engine rebuild. it is the safer option
in these circumstances. Beware of
reignition.
Exhausts
Be particularly aware of the possibility
of grass fires in hot, dry weather when
a car pulls off the circuit. Knock down
with powder and follow up with foam
as usual.
Metal
Magnesium can be used to reduce the
weight of metal components such as
wheels and bulkheads. Metal fires
give off an intense white light and
produce white smoke particles. Under
no circumstances should you use a
water or foam extinguisher on a metal
fire. It will make the fire more intense.
The best way of fighting a metal fire is
to cover the burning item in sand to
exclude air.
Trim
Some plastics and rubber compounds
used in trim leave behind an
exceedingly corrosive acid when they
are burnt. There is no alternative to
hospital treatment if you get the acid
on your skin. Simply flushing the skin
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with water is inadequate. Beware of
the fumes given off by burning trim.
Bodywork
Glass Reinforced Plastic (Fibreglass)
can catch fire and may give off
dangerous fumes so extra care
is required. Fight the fire in the
conventional manner with dry powder
extinguishers, followed by foam.
Tyres
Tyres are highly unlikely to catch fire
unless the vehicle has been alight for
a considerable period of time. Burning
tyres give off an acrid, black smoke
which you should avoid inhaling. A
large amount of water will be needed
to put out burning tyres and a watch
will need to be kept on the vehicle for
a significant time to ensure there is no
re-ignition.
16.8. Some General Hints on
Fighting Fires
Act as a team: gives a quick burst.
1. Approach with the wind behind you
to avoid smoke and powder getting
blown in your face.
2. Stop about 10 to 12 feet away from
the blaze. Don’t get too close as the
powder of the extinguisher could
spread burning fuel.
3. Take the pins out.
4. Marshals with Blue (Dry Powder)
extinguishers go first to knock
the flames down and are followed
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by marshals with White (foam)
extinguishers.
5. Don’t run through flames.
Extinguish ground fires as you
approach.
6. Priorities:
If the driver is trapped inside, the
cockpit area is top priority
If the driver is out but on fire, get
him down on the ground. pat and
smother the flames or use an
extinguisher.
If the driver is out and safe
concentrate on the seat of the fire.
7. Don’t cover your colleagues with
flames, powder or foam.
8. Watch out for flashbacks, under
body fires, fires in the engine bay
and in the boot. Don’t throw open
a bonnet or boot. One marshal,
wearing protective gloves and
keeping low, should crack open the
lid with their back to the car while
the other inserts the pipe of the
extinguisher into the opening and
9. Once the flames are out. Damp
the car down and keep watching.
Extinguishers are a must when
clearing up a car that has been on
fire.
10. Some rubber compounds and
plastics which have been burnt
can produce powerful acids which
cause severe injuries if you get them
on your skin. If you feel a burning
sensation go to a circuit medical
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centre or a hospital casualty unit
and tell them you may have been
into contact with acids produced by
burnt rubber compounds.
11. Report the number and type of
extinguishers you have used so
that they can be replaced. Include
partially used extinguishers in your
tally and don’t trust them for use
in a later blaze. Leave them lying
down on the edge of the track at
the end of the day.
PART II - ROLES
OF SPECIALIST
OFFICIALS
17. Post Chiefs.
17.1 General
The basis of control for all trackside
marshals while they are at their posts
is the Post Chief. Each Post Chief is the
senior official in their area of the track
and has the authority of an Assistant
Clerk of Course in his/her sector and
is responsible to the Clerk of Course
for all activity in the sector. For the Yas
Marina circuit each Marshal Post is a
Sector as well. All vehicle crews and
doctors in the Sector are part of the
team and should as far as possible, be
included in the Post Chief Briefing.
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PART ONE
It is the Post Chiefs job to see that
their sector is set up and equipped
to carry out all the routine functions
required, and to cope with whatever
emergencies may happen. If all works
well, the Post Chief should have little
to do during the day. In reality, it never
works that way and the whole team
has plenty to do to fill in its time.
For all routine activities, the sector
should be set up to function without
you giving directions. The marshals are
all experienced officials, and provided
they are dispersed and equipped
properly they will get any job done.
17.2 Qualities Required of a
Post Chief
Leadership
Remember that leadership is
something you do WITH people - not
TO them.
Begin by briefing your team. As a Post
Cheif, you should ALWAYS brief, but
DON’T always give the same briefing.
Tailor the briefing to the experience
level of your audience, the circuit, the
post and the programmed of races.
Use your briefing to build your
team, create confidence, establish
guidelines, stress safety issues and
remove uncertainty, if someone is
doing something wrong it is your job to
put them right, but use diplomacy and
tact where ever possible.
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Part one
Safety Officer
Check the equipment and the post.
Report any deficiencies or hazards.
Stand back from an incident. Direct
your team and keep an eye open for
developing danger. Always remember
the danger does not stop when the
racing is over.
Communicator
Communicate with your team, Incident
Officer and Race Control. Report
anything to the Post Chief that you
think they should know about or may
have missed.
If there is an incident to be dealt with
or a car to be recovered after a session,
develop a plan and communicate it to
the team.
Trainer
One of the most important roles
of a Post Chief is providing on post
training for officials at your post and
particularly for new recruits, who may
also benefit from spending time with
the Incident Officer. You should find
out the experience of people at your
post and be prepared to cover all the
essentials, including hands on fire,
safety and incident handling training.
The major training role for Post Chiefs,
however, is probably training, Flag
marshals and trainee Incident Officers;
it is difficult for fellow Flag Marshals
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to help new colleagues, unless there
are three or more on a post and one
can watch what a new Flag Marshal is
doing from the same direction, Try to be
positive, Highlight the things someone
is doing well before being critical. Ask
them what they find most difficult to
create an opening for a suggestion.
Old Hands can help with training, but
may need their memories jogging
so always debrief after an incident.
Explain and invite observations on how
incidents are handled.
Post Chief Briefings
Each morning, and at other times
when appropriate, you are required
to brief your Team regarding their
duties for the day, any particular last
minute instructions to be issued,
overall safety in the Sector with regard
to activities and positioning, and any
other matter relative to the Sector. A
briefing template has been issued to
each of you, and all points on it should
be covered at each briefing.
All marshals must be stationed in
positions where they are protected by
the concrete blocks/debris fence, unless
their duties require them to move out
from a protected area (such as with flag
marshals on flag duty or track or fire
marshals responding to an incident),
and then only for the minimum time
required to complete their duty.”
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The on Post Check List
The On Post Check list will include the
following
Communications - Phone, radio
and signals
Everyone usually remembers to
make a phone or radio check, most
emphasize what a whistle means if
their team should hear it, but few
reinforce the use of recognized hand
signals. Make sure the Sector Marshal
or you yourself establish what hand
signals to expect.
General information to Race Control
should be transmitted over the Post
Chief’s radio channel, manned by your
Chief, and you should ensure that this
system is used whenever possible. Try
not to duplicate messages as this can
lead to time-wastage and confusion. If
Race Control wishes you to handle a
particular incident over the radio, they
will request it if you decide that you
should handle the incident yourself,
let Race Control and your Post Chief
know this.
Emergency Vehicles – Manning
and Access
Check that emergency vehicles are
present, manned, and ready and have
the access they need on and off circuit.
The vehicles are under your control.
Experience may tell you whether there
should be a vehicle at a gap, however,
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if you are ‘phoning in at the start of the
day, it is worth mentioning the absence
of any vehicles.
Marshals- Details, experience
and gear
You should ensure you have details of
all the marshals and other officials on
your post. Checking their experience
and those they have the proper gear
can be delegated, but you should
ensure you are happy with the way
marshalling teams are split up.
Post Conditions and Circuit Facilities
Walk the area near the post. Is it
level and dry or potholed and boggy?
Are the barriers capable of being
quickly scaled; is the debris fencing
compromising safety? Any problems
must be reported.
As this is a new circuit each time we
use it, we may have to spend time fine
tuning the facilities by checking or
even shifting spectator fences, and by
rearranging vehicle parking positions.
Do this on the Thursday, and include
detail of changes in your reports.
Sector Sign on sheets/Marshal
Evaluation
The Sector sign-on sheets should be
checked off each morning and then
handed to the office of the Secretary of
the Meeting on the Sunday night before
you leave the circuit. Any specific notes
you wish to write can follow later. What
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Part TWO
we are particularly interested in are
marshals who due to any number
of reasons are unable to carry out
their specific duty. We also need to
specifically know about marshals who
you consider are capable of carrying
out higher duties e.g. promising Post
Chief.
In the Case of Incidents and
Emergencies
It is at times of incidents and
emergencies that the Post Chief must
become more involved, taking charge
of the incident area and ensuring that
all procedures are conducted in a
correct and orderly manner.
The Post Chief should not “interfere”
with specialist groups except to
ensure that they work within the
overall structure in the best manner
that circumstances will permit. If
emergency vehicle are required to be
shifted at an incident site, speak to
the driver. He may be under specific
instruction from Race Control, or
have valid reasons for his placement
of the vehicle. While an incident is
being handled, and more particularly
afterwards, the area must be kept free
of all “hangers-on” and unnecessary
marshals.
Movement of Vehicles
All movements of vehicles are
controlled by Race Control, and all
vehicles must receive instruction before
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moving on to the track. Please do not
send any vehicle on to the track until
checking with Race Control except in
an extreme emergency. Similarly you
should not stop a vehicle from moving
unless you believe that the movement
is a mistake, or is blatantly dangerous.
If there is any doubt, check with Race
Control before taking action. When
emergency vehicles are directed to an
incident in your Sector, ensure that the
Yellow Flag marshal, or another if more
appropriate, is ready to wave down the
emergency vehicle and indicate to it
where the incident is.
Whilst Cranes and Tow Trucks cannot
move without instruction from Race
Control, they can anticipate action and
get ready - engines running, slings
ready etc. Encourage them to do this
at all time. Practice sessions are also
necessary - moving across gravel
traps, dropping the sling in the right
place, and communications between
driver and crane-chaser.
17.7 Post Chief’s Personal
Equipment Checklist
Post Chief needs to ensure that they
have the necessary equipment to
carry out their duties and in particular
to make the necessary reports. This
includes:
 Pens, pencils and paper
Watch set to race time
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Programmed/ minute by minute
Report Pad
Circuit diagrams
Serious Incident form
17.8 Reports
The making of reports is covered
in more detail in Appendix 5 of this
manual. Some further details are
included below
Verbal Reports
Give Race Control
1. Post details
2. Car number(s)
3. What’s happened
4. Action taken
5. Action needed
6. Time
Not all the information required
for a verbal report may be instantly
available, but Race Control will
welcome an incomplete report, with
a follow up, particularly if the verbal
report enlarges on what they can see
on circuit cameras.
You may not know the car numbers,
but you can give an initial view on a
potentially serious incident which
your team is about to deal with and
Race Control an early indication of any
action they may need to take.
Ensure that in the event of a rescue
unit or doctor being scrambled they
are made aware of the way the incident
occurred as impact details can give
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indications of potential injuries and
the need for alternative extrication
strategies.
Written Reports
Written reports should contain:
1. All the details you gave in your
verbal report ie Flags displayed
2. Sketch (basic form)
3. Conditions
4. Damage
5. Recovery
You may also need to include details
of the recovery, particularly if further
damage results and details of damage
to the circuit should be included, even
if it is slight - say a tire wall rebuild.
Written reports should be factual and
not contain opinion. You may wish
to enlarge upon your written report
verbally when the Clerk of the Course
or his deputy comes round to collect
your report.
Making a Sketch of the Incident
Static Information
Circuit and Barriers
Personnel
Flag and Marshals Posts
Direction of Traffic
Dynamic Information
Position of car(s) - start, contact
and finish
Path of car(s) between those points
Flag signals
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Part TWO
18. Incident Officers (I/0)
18.1 Roles of Incident Officers
Incident Officers are the eyes and
ears of the Clerk of the Course. At
its simplest, that means they are
responsible for submitting impartial
reports on racing incidents which occur
in their sector, but the role of an Incident
Officer is far more extensive than that.
they play a vital safety role and also
have an important training role.
18.2 Communication Systems
The circuit is well served with
communications systems. It is critical
that all the systems are used correctly
and that proper procedure is observed
at all times. The Incident Officers are all
on the one radio channel, with all Posts
being active at all times. Because of this,
conversations other than necessary
messages are not permitted.
Routine housekeeping business such
as requesting extra drink, or brooms
etc. should be done between sessions.
From about five minutes before any
session until the session is finished,
the loop should be only used for
matters which are relevant to what is
happening in the area at the time - on
the track, or crowd emergencies, etc.
The Incident Officers radio channel
(ES1, Race Radio) is to be used for
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all regular reports and requests, and
for initial reporting of incidents or
accidents. Depending on the nature of
the incident.
18.3 Setting up
Upon arrival at your Post acquaint
yourself with your fellow marshals and
identify the Post Chief. Turn on your
radio and wait for contact from Race
Control. Establish your own contact with
Race Control if you are concerned that
this should have already happened.
Prior to the start of any session or
race, Race Control may request a
“Track Clearance”. A starting point will
be nominated by Race Control, and all
Posts will then advise in ascending
numerical order, the track status
between them and the next Post e.g.
“Yankee Mike one-zero - Track clear”,
or “Yankee Mike one-zero - Hold -
track being swept”, etc.
18.4 Manning the position ofIncident
Officer
From the time specified in the “Minute
X Minute”, an Incident Officer must
man the equipment at all times unless
Race Control instructs otherwise. If
you are instructed by any official to
move at any time, you must obtain
permission from Race Control before
complying (unless for reasons of
impending personal danger).
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If two Incident Officers are present at
a Post, they should roster themselves
over the day, with the I/O not on the
radio ready to pass on messages and
to collect more detail from the track
and the other marshals at the Post.
Changing the radio from one I/O to
the other should be done at least 10
minutes before any session or race,
to avoid last minute delays in Track
Clearances etc. A check call to race
control should also be carried out.
During practice or racing, place
yourself in a position that enables
you to pass on messages to other
marshals at your Post as quickly as
possible. Any Incident Officer not on
the radio should assist with this. The
other marshals will appreciate being
told of information from other Sectors
as well. Try to keep them informed
whenever it does not jeopardize your
duties. When Race Control is closing
the track in preparation for an event, let
your fellow marshals know. Listen to
all other messages on the I/O channel
- the questions and answers may also
answer your thoughts and queries,
and save you making the same call.
19. Flag Marshals
19.1 Positioning
Flags must be displayed clearly and in
plenty of time, if they are to be of any
use at all. It is pointless showing a flag
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as the cars pass you.
Before racing starts take the
opportunity to look at the flag post
from the driver’s point of view. Work
out when the post comes into view
and when the driver stops looking at
the post. On a corner this can be well
before the car reaches you as the
driver is already looking into the bend.
Always stand facing your fellow flag
marshals and never stand back to
back. If you are facing the traffic your
reactions are vital to the marshal
facing in the other direction. In an
emergency, pull them out of the way
if there isn’t time for them to react to
your shout.
If you are on your own do NOT stand
with your back to the traffic. Stand
sideways on or slightly towards the
traffic and check for incidents behind
you by glancing over your shoulder
regularly. Don’t be afraid to ask the
Incident Officer to shout if something
happens and you miss it.
If there is more than one flag marshal
on a post, the marshal with the
yellow flag stands with their back to
the traffic, the marshal with the blue
flag faces the traffic and a third flag
marshal would hold the green flag and
stand back, behind the marshal with
the blue flag.
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Part TWO
Rotate yellow flag marshal to green,
green flag marshal to blue and blue
to yellow in long races, that way the
green flag marshal can get up to
speed on where the race leaders and
the slow cars are before taking over
the blue flag.
Try to keep the next flag point in view
or, if that is not possible, flick your eyes
regularly towards the next flag point to
check for signals.
Make sure all of the flag is displayed,
at a right angle to the drivers’ line of
sight.
If it is necessary for another flag point
to respond to your signal - to display a
green flag to mark the end of a hazard
zone, to put out a Safety Car Board,
or to display the red flag, E.G hold the
flag in such a position that they can
see and respond to it, before moving it
into the drivers’ line of sight.
19.2 Detailed uses of Flags
Use flags to “talk” to the drivers
Flags can be waved lazily or vigorously
depending on the urgency.
In windy weather, move the flag quickly
in the direction of the wind and more
slowly against it to achieve a clear
signal without wrapping the flag around
the pole. In high winds, the best way of
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“waving” a flag is to hold it as if you
were displaying a stationary signal, and
then move your arms.
Don’t use or wave flags unnecessarily
- it just leads to them being ignored by
drivers. If you see a driver move over or
indicate to another to pass, don’t bother
with a blue flag· unless you fear the
driver being overtaken may not realise
more cars are about to overtake.
Don’t downgrade a flag signal simply
because you cannot see any cars. One
of the worst crimes a flag marshal can
commit is to withdraw a waved yellow
flag while there are no cars in view
and then represent it again when cars
appear. If, instead, you move from a
vigorous wave to a leisurely wave while
there are no cars, the odd car that
surprises you will get the message,
and you will rest your arm at the same
time.
Be prepared to use a flag to force a
signal at another marshals’ post. For
example, display a green flag to indicate
to a preceding post with restricted view
that they should be displaying a yellow.
The green could be waved for a short
while to indicate they need to wave the
yellow if a car is out of their view, but in
a dangerous position. Withdrawing the
green indicates to the advanced post
that it is now safe for them to withdraw
the yellow.
If you need to display more than one
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flag on a post - for example a yellow
and a white flag, while a vehicle is
being snatched or an emergency
vehicle is passing to attend an incident
at the following post - one marshal
should hold one flag high and another
should hold the other flag low to avoid
one getting obscured by the other.
20. Trackside Marshals
20.1 General
As Trackside Marshals with various
roles to fill, you have been given the
task of ensuring that the competition
can proceed with the utmost safety
for all participants, that the track
is maintained in a clean and safe
condition at all times, and that there
is immediate help available for any
participant with problems.
You may be called to take over other
positions track side such as the
Incident Officer or a Flag Marshal. To
this end you should be conversant with
those roles such as your own. The best
way to become a competent, efficient,
experienced official is to regularly
practice your skills and to expand your
knowledge by learning other roles by
attending training, on site practice and
observing the various roles.
20.2 Getting Prepared
Getting organized at the start of each
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day is very important. Be prompt for
sign-on, collect lunches and drinks and
be ready for the general briefing. Take
notes if required and ask questions if
you are unsure. Above all, listen. After
the briefing, make your way to your
allocated position. Gather with your
Post Chief and other team members;
listen to the sector briefing and roll call.
Setup the sector as required by your
Post Chief and or Incident Officer. Walk
and check the track for objects (nuts,
bolts, stones/dirt, vehicle bits, oil etc).
With the Post Chiefs help, organize
yourselves into teams with agreed
leaders, and discuss the exact
positioning and responses for each of
you. Discuss hand signals within the
sector. Clarify at what stage do the
medical teams or fire teams respond.
Each morning or when scheduled, be
ready for the track inspection by the
Senior Officials. This may seem trivial
to you but we cannot start until they
are satisfied that all is in readiness and
they take their track inspection duties
seriously. At the scheduled time, line
up at your posts so that you can be
identified as marshals.
20.3. Safety
As a trackside marshal you will be close
to the action. Safety is of paramount
importance. The first responsibility
at an event is, of course, to look after
yourself. By this we not only mean
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Part TWO
protecting yourself from the prevailing
weather conditions but focusing on any
element that can contribute to your
safety. Make sure you have adequate
clothing and footwear, protection from
the sun, rain and cold, protection from
competition vehicle noise, plenty of
water to drink, and extra food if you
need it. Check your equipment before
you go to your post.
At your post, always place yourself
in a safe position behind the 1st Iine of
protection (safety wall), and even from
there be prepared for the possibility
of debris or a vehicle reaching your
position. Plan your entry and exit points
onto and off the track. Check the run-
off areas of the track for danger (holes
etc); be aware of the positioning of flag
and communication points around you,
and the location of fire extinguishers
and other personnel and equipment
(Medical, vehicles etc) in your area.
Also look after the safety of your fellow
marshals and help protect them from
risks as well. If you or any of your fellow
marshals are injured or incapacitated,
the risk of danger may be increased for
the drivers and your fellow marshals.
20.4. Communications
Each trackside sector has a range
of communication systems whereby
contact is maintained with other
sectors, and with Race Control. The
senior official in the sector will have a
Race Control radio, emergency vehicles
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and crews will have radios on an
emergency channel, and the Incident
Officer or Radio/Flag Marshals will
maintain contact with Race Control
over their own radio channel.
There is a number of “Hand
Signals” that Track Marshals use to
communicate urgent messages. Study
the diagrams below to ensure all
Marshals are familiar with them.
20.5. Track Cleaning
For some events, no material may
be used for cleaning up oil spills on
the track. Race Control will issue
instructions on this. At other times,
the very minimum amount of oil-mop
may be used to soak up spilt oil or
fuel off the track, and the track should
be swept well, after the oil has been
soaked up.
20.6. Protection of Property
In addition to looking after the
competitors, at your post you need to
protect your own property and that of
your fellow marshals. Appoint one of
your fellow marshals to protect any
stopped race vehicles and equipment
at the end of the day, until they are
collected by the Recovery Team. Return
any parts of a vehicle with the vehicle
itself when the Recovery Team arrives.
At day’s end, return all equipment to
the wheelie bin, to the Tower, or to the
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Medical Centre as appropriate.
Keep your working area free of rubbish
- you are in sight of many spectators,
and all our work areas must be
presented professionally, and with
obvious standards of care.
21. Pit Lane Marshals
21.1 General
The prime role of Pit Lane Marshals
is to provide the competitors with a
safe and un-encumbered Pit Lane in
which to compete. A secondary task
is to ensure that competitors comply
with the rules of the competition. At
all times, marshals must be alert to
protect themselves, then others from
danger. To carry out these functions,
the procedure and rules set out below
must be enforced.
The Pits - known also as the “Box· - is
used by teams to make adjustments
and repairs to cars during practice and
racing. The Pits usually comprises a pit
lane with an exit from and an entrance
to the race track and a number of
garages for competing cars between
the pit lane and the Paddock. The Pit
Lane is considered to be part of the
race track and is divided into three
lanes - an acceleration lane, a slowing
down lane and a third lane where
work can be carried out on stationary
vehicles. It is divided from the track by
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a raised pit wall, from which crews can
signal to competitors.
21.2 General Rules for Pit Lane
General rules for the Pit Lane are as
follows:
1. Smoking is not permitted in Pit
Lane and in the garages. If smoking
is observed in garages, the smoker
should be requested to leave the
area or extinguish the cigarette.
2. Each team must have a fire
extinguisher available while they
are working in Pit Lane. This should
be checked each day, and not left to
the last minute.
3. Cars cannot use reverse gear in
Pit Lane - they must be pushed
backwards.
4. For some Support Events, unless
otherwise specified, teams can
only have six persons working on
their car during an event. Apart
from the six, the only other persons
permitted to do any work on the car
are a driver who has just left the car,
helping the new driver to get belted
in etc, and a crew member whose
sole job is to hold the overflow
bottle during refueling.
5. Teams must clean any fluids split in
their area, particularly oil and fuel.
Remind them of this if necessary,
and report any failure to clean up,
to Race Control.
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The flag which all drivers want

start/finish line and also at the

to see signifying that the race

marshals post signaling that
The red flag is shown at the

the race must be stopped.

Chequered flag
21.3 Guidance for Pit Marshals during their pit stops - stand
back where you can see what is

has finished.
Red flag
1. Some Pit Marshals may be
allocated to stand along the line
in Pit Lane during events. From an
appearance point, it is important
happening, and also any on-coming
traffic. If you are concerned about a
possible mechanical problem, get
a Scrutineer to check. If fire is a

means that the driver is about

been displayed. It can also be

there is either oil or water on

the track, but being waved it
that these marshals stand in a possibility alert the fire marshals,
used to signify the start to a
clear after a yellow flag has
This is waved to give the all

to come into contact with a

Stationary this means that
straight line, and do not move and get the nearest fire extinguisher

Yellow and red

unless necessary. These marshals ready for use. Warn the team, and

slippery surface.
striped flag
should stand facing the traffic, and keep all other persons well clear.
Green flag

warm-up lap.

those with whistles must blow the
whistles as each car approaches
them. This includes cars which are
entering their pits, and also cars
A yellow flag means that there
5. You are on duty until your senior
official relieves you. If you must
leave for any reason, you must let
your senior official know.

a warning for a driver showing

which have just left their pits. At 6. No-one should be permitted on the

When waved this flag acts as

un-sportsmanlike behavior.
the Yas Marina Circuit, marshals pit wall until the cars have left the

Black and white

are not required to stand between start line.

diagonal flag
the lanes in Pit lane during the race
is danger ahead.
Yellow flag

because the discipline is improving Pit Marshals should:

all the time. If so instructed, they Wear protective clothing
may be positioned against the Know the layout of the pits.
garage wall, in a position to still Know the location of and how to
number in white shown with it.

assist if required, and to monitor use the emergency equipment

Black with orange disc
This flag indicates that the car
This will only be shown at the

The car involved must stop at

Start line and will have a car

Pit Lane activities. kept in the pits, which includes

has a mechanical failure.
the pits within one lap.

2. During Support Events where the fire extinguishers, brushes and

available space is reduced. Ensure absorbent powder to treat fluid
that teams do not encroach into the spills.
Black flag

fast lane. Be aware of who is authorized to

3. At the start of each race, team be in the pits and ensure only those
members are not allowed on the people gain access. No one under
signaling platform until after the the age of 16 is permitted in the pits
A white flag signifies that there

must give way to allow them

cars have left the grid. For Support Understand what work is permitted,
approaching and the driver
indicate that a faster car is
Blue flags are shown to

Events, each team should have no where it can take place and who
is a slow car ahead.

more than three members on the can carry it out.

signaling platform at any time, Keep the pits free from
White flag

Blue flag

and only when their vehicle is obstructions.

participating in a session or race. Pay particular attention to safety,
past.

4. Do not get in the way of teams particularly with regard to cars

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Part TWO WWW.ATCUAE.AE
AMBULANCE REQUIRED MEDICAL ASSISTANCE REQUIRED
STRAIGHT TOW CAR REQUIRES A LIFT
(FULL OR PARTIAL)
PAGE / 68 WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE
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entering and leaving the pits
-particularly when team personnel
are crossing from the pit wall to the
garages
21.4 Cars Breaking Down in the Pits
When a car breaks down in the Pits
move them to the garage lane as soon
as possible.
Warn other competitors to slow as
there is an obstruction in the pits.
21.5 Pit Stops
On the occasion of Pit Stops
You may need to report the length of
and reason for stops during practice
and race sessions. Record the event or
race, the time, car number and reason
for the stop or retirement
The information will usually be most
easily available from the team manager
rather than busy mechanics.
Don’t forget to sign the report
You should be aware of races with
compulsory pits stops for driver
changes and when those stops are
required to occur.
Be prepared for stops to refuel, change
brake pads etc during long distance
races.
21.6. When Refueling is Occurring in
the Pits
1. Refueling is currently permitted
within Formula 1.
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PART TWO
2. Make sure an extinguisher is close
to hand.
22. Startline Marshals
22.1 General
Grid Marshals are responsible for
positioning the cars on the grid and
ensuing competitors are aware of
where they should stop following a
“Green Flag” warm up lap prior to the
start.
Grids are busy places, with mechanics,
photographers, journalists, sponsors
and other team guests on the grid
at some of the more prestigious
meetings. It is important that only
authorized individuals are allowed
onto the grid and that they leave at
the correct time - usually two minutes
before the start.
22.3 Formation Lap (General)
When the cars have left, all marshals
should take up their positions on the
pit wall.
If a car stalls prior to leaving the grid
at the start of the formation lap, the
marshal should wave his yellow flag to
warn drivers behind. If the car is not
able to start, it must be removed from
the grid to a place of safety or in the
pit lane. The start will not be delayed
in this case.
PAGE / 69
Part TWO
If a car is left on the grid at the start
of the formation lap (and all others
able to do so have left the grid), and
then subsequently is able to leavethe
car must be placed at the back of the
grid for the race start and it’s original
position left open. If more than one car
is involved, they will line up in the order
they left to start the formation lap.
22.4 Start
When the cars come into sight
around the last corner to complete
their formation lap, raise your board
adjacent to the grid position you have
been assigned.
When the car comes to rest, put down
your board and prepare your yellow flag.
The jump start detection system will tell
the starter if the car is in precisely the
correct position, so lower your board
as soon as you are sure your driver has
seen his board and is coming to a halt in
the correct grid box, not when you think
it is in its precise position for the start.
As soon as you take up the flag look
directly at your driver, nowhere else.
The drivers have been briefed to look at
you should they encounter difficulties.
Some car cockpit shapes make it
difficult for a driver to raise his arms
high so the starter is relying totally on
you to warn him if a driver is in trouble.
If before the race start is given, a driver
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indicates he is in trouble, wave your
flag, holding it out as far as possible
but being careful not to drop it onto the
track.
If the start is delayed as a result of a
driver stalling, the marshal assigned
to him should, after the aborted start
is confirmed and team personnel have
returned to the grid, go onto the track
and stand with his yellow flag in front
of the car. When the new formation
lap starts the car will be held by the
marshal and leave after the last car. He
will then start from the back of the grid.
If more than one car is involved, they
will line up at the back of the grid in the
order they were on the original grid.
If a driver stalls at the start of a race, all
marshals must wave their flags to warn
drivers behind of imminent danger.
22.5 After the Start
After the start, please remain on the
pit wall until the leader has completed
two laps. If the race has to be stopped
within in this time the drivers will start
from their original grid positions and
will need to see the boards to line up
for the re-start as quickly as possible.
If a re-start is necessary after two laps
but less than 75% of the race distance
await instructions as to which drivers
will occupy which positions for the new
start.
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22.6 Guidance for Startline Marshals
Some guidance for Grid Marshals is
set out below:
Position the cars you are
responsible for in the appropriate
grid positions
Ensure engines are switched off if
this is a requirement
Engines may be restarted at the
appropriate time - usually three
minutes before the start
If you have been provided with a
board with the row number on,
show it to the driver and indicate the
position where it will be displayed
for the start
The grid should be cleared at
the two minute signal, with grid
marshals moving to a safe position
in line with the grid row they are
responsible for.
If a driver stalls or is unable to start
when the green flag is waved, give
the car a push start or, if it fails to
start, remove the car from the grid
to a place of safety.
Check the grid positions you are
responsible for any oil or debris and
treat appropriately if time allows.
As competitors return from the
Green Flag lap and come onto the
grid, hold out the board with the
row number on and keep it there
until the cars in the rows you are
responsible for have come to a halt.
If a driver indicates he cannot
start, display a yellow flag to warn
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PART TWO
competitors behind him. Once the
cars have left the grid, help to clear
the vehicle.
Be aware of cars on the back of the
grid starting with time penalties.
23. Fire Marshals
The Fire & Rescue Service is dedicated
to the competitors, team members
and marshals of the event. The co-
ordination of any on track response
is handled by Race Control under the
direction of the Clerk of the Course.
The Fire & Rescue team is specially
trained in motor sport fire & rescues.
24 Boundary Riders
24.1 General
If you are appointed as a Boundary
Rider in direct contact with Race
Control, but while you are on duty you
will actually be under the direction of
the sector Marshal in the area in which
you are stationed, as well as of Race
Control with who you will be in radio
contact. The circuit will be divided into
zones for each of you to patrol, and this
will normally be your territory for the
Meeting.
Your first designated role each day as
a team is to patrol the outer limits of
the Marshals Briefing Area on foot,
and encourage (ensure) all marshals
PAGE / 71
Part TWO
to be where they should be and
paying attention. Each morning after
the Briefing, meet with the other
Boundary Riders as a team before
proceeding to your designated area
for the day. When you get to your area,
check the boundaries for gates and
weak points in the security. Check also
for H&S hazards as well, and report
any problems back to Race Control.
Introduce yourself to Sector Marshals
in your territory, and also to any
security staff and gatekeepers in the
area. Explain your duties to them so
that they will more readily assist you
when you are moving about.
24.2 Role
Your primary function is to assist
competitors who have been stranded
around the circuit, to get back to the
pits without delay. A secondary function
will be to send reports generated from
trackside to the administration office
of the Secretary of the Meeting in the
Paddock. You will also assist the Sector
Marshals maintain security in the
prohibited areas around the track, and
to assist with the delivery of minor items
around the track (such as reports, radio
batteries etc.). Society says you must
wear helmets while on your bike and
that is a fact of life, even if others at the
event appear not to worry. (We have no
problem with reports on this). Likewise,
you must respect speed limits, limited
tunnel access, and no-access areas - if
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WWW.ATCUAE.AE
the passenger has to walk at times, so
be it.
Your role is strictly NOT to be a chauffeur
for any injured person. Any injuries
must be brought to the attention of a
trackside medical person, with the
casualty being escorted to the medical
team if necessary. A Doctor may,
after considering the injuries, request
that you assist the driver to get to the
Medical Centre or some other place.
In this circumstance, assist if you are
able to.
Competitors are fairly “unique”
creatures of questionable behavior at
times. Be courteous, but firm at all
times when dealing with them. If they
choose to accept your assistance, they
go where you decide to go. You are in
charge of the bike at all times.
24.3 Relationship with Post Chiefs
Your Post Chief can direct you
anywhere he chooses, but generally
he will leave you to exercise your own
options as long as you let him know
your whereabouts. Check back with
him regularly. When stationary, ensure
that you are protected by barriers
and debris fence at all times. Do not
park where you may impede others
in their duties. Your normal route
anywhere will be along the Marshal
Zone between the fences. Competitors
picked up on the outside of the circuit
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should be ferried to a bridge or tunnel
close to the paddock area if possible.
24.4 Basic Guidelines for Boundary
Riders
At all times while riding the unit, the
rider must:
Be a signatory to the Vehicle-use
Indemnification form held in the
Race Administration Office prior to
receiving the keys to the unit, and
comply with the conditions of the
Indemnity Form at all times.
Wear a helmet provided by the
rider for that purpose, to wear
appropriate eye protection such as
goggles or eye shield, and not carry
any passenger who is not wearing
a helmet.
Be in possession of a current
Motorcycle License, or other
approved license if appropriate.
Wear the uniform provided at the
event, and in any case must have
the arms and legs covered, and be
wearing substantial footwear and
gloves.
Remain in radio contact with Race
Control at all the times specified.
Not allow any other person to ride the
vehicle unless specifically authorized
by the Secretary of the Meeting.
At all times comply with the “traffic
rules” of the area you are riding in,
including any tunnel restrictions
that exist at the time (red light,
one-way etc).
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PART TWO
Keep the unit in a clean and
presentable condition as far as is
practicable in the circumstances.
Park the unit in the required area
each night, and at the end of the
Meeting before returning the keys
to the Secretary of the Meeting.
When not responding to a direction
from Race Control, be under the
control and direction of the Sector
Marshal in whose sector the unit
has been allocated. This may
include assisting in other activities
independent of the Boundary Rider
role.
24.5 Other matter in respect to
Boundary Riders
You will be in contact with the public
much of the time· again be courteous
but firm. Give plenty of warning if you
must ride in their area. The second last
thing we need is you being injured, the
last thing we need is injured passengers,
or members of the public.
Please report damage to persons or
bikes, however caused, as soon as the
problem is evident.
Your radio will give direct contact with
Race Control. Read the instruction
sheet on radio protocol and only use
the radio when necessary. Your call
sign is “Boundary Rider at “using
your exact position on the track as
identification. Also state whether you
PAGE / 73
Part TWO
are on the left or right of the track as a
competitor driver would see it.
25. Scrutineers
25.1 Formula 1
Scrutiny of F1 Grand Prix cars is
carried out in the Pit Lane F1 garage
and in their team garages. This is done
under the direction of a FIA Technical
Delegate, by the Chief Scrutineer and
a team of Scrutineers who attend to
the F1 cars and teams plus another
team of garage Scrutineer/observers.
This involves:
Car Check before Practice - a safety
check for seat belts, fire extinguisher
marking, cut-out switch, etc. This is
carried out in the individual pits, by a
team of Scrutineers.
Tyre Allocation and Tyre Checks- Tyres
will be allocated to each driver by the
FIA, at the latest prior to initial scrutiny
commencing. Checks will be carried out
within the framework of the FIA 2009
Formula One Sporting Regulations.
Car Weighing - Checks will be carried
out within the framework of the FIA 2009
Formula One Sporting Regulations.
The FIA Technical Delegate supervises
the weighing and issues an appropriate
statement after each session.
Garage Checks - Scrutineers and tyre
PAGE / 74
WWW.ATCUAE.AE
checkers will be required to remain in
their allocated team’s garage from the
end of the car’s qualifying session until
1830hrs on Saturday when the cars are
impounded in the F1 Scrutiny garage,
and again from 0800hrs Sunday (when
they are released back to the teams)
until pit lane is open for the start of the
race. During the time cars are under
the supervision of the Scrutineers,
only specifically authorized work is
permitted to be undertaken and then
at all times under the close supervision
of the Scrutineers.
Parc Ferme -from start of qualifying
for each car until the car is taken to the
Parc Ferme garage, it is deemed to be
in Parc Ferme and the work that can
be done on it is limited by regulations.
Immediately after the race, all cars
must be taken to the Parc Ferme and
impounded, until released by the FIA
Technical Delegate. Cars stopping
around the track must be guarded by
a marshal until retrieved and taken to
the Parc Ferme. Every person required
to enter the Parc Ferme must have
a specific pass for this purpose. No
other person may enter the area while
it is the Parc Ferme.
At the Start - an additional duty of
the Scrutineers is the pushing-off
of any cars stalled on the grid at the
start. Three teams of four officials are
established in pit lane by the signaling
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platform - one team at the rear of the
grid, one near the middle of the grid
and one about three rows back from
the front row of the grid.
These officials may not wear
sunglasses or hats, or have loose
items in their pockets that could be
dropped on the track.
Each team shall have a nominated
chief who will make decisions, unless
the team is otherwise directed by a
senior race official. Any stalled car
must be pushed as soon as the field
leaves the grid - if the car cannot be
re-started, it must be pushed along
the pit-wall to the central gate opening
or the end of the pit lane wall just past
the start line, then back into Pit Lane.
If the car is near the rear of the grid, it
may be easier to push it backwards to
the vehicle gap before the start of the
signaling platform.
25.2 Support Event Scrutiny
Support Event scrutiny is carried out
by a separate team of Scrutineers,
much of it in compliance with scrutiny
requirements written in the category
series regulations. Most categories
will have their own technical expert
as well, to assist the local Scrutineers,
particularly in matters of eligibility.
Support Event scrutiny will also entail
a check of the documentation of the
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PART TWO
competitors and drivers, to ensure
that they are properly licensed for the
competition. This check will be carried
out by the Scrutineers, or by the Race
Administration officials.
25.3 Scrutiny of All Other Vehicles
All vehicles used for parades and
demonstrations must be checked
prior to going onto the track. This is
primarily to prevent oil leaks and other
liquid spills onto the track surface.
This should include a check each day
of all official and emergency vehicles.
26. Water Rescue
The Water Rescue team is responsible
for providing a rapid rescue/recovery
service in the unlikely event that a
vehicle crashes into the water during
a session or race. Members may
also be called on to assist the Police,
Ambulance Service, Fire Services in
the event of spectator rescue being
required.
The team will provide a rapid rescue
capability. The team therefore has to
be fully prepared to take all reasonable
measures to perform a timely and
professional recovery, and therefore
during all track activity the boat crews
must remain vigilant.
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APPENDIX WWW.ATCUAE.AE WWW.ATCUAE.AE APPENDIX

No BRIEFING ITEM CHECK

Appendix 1 1 Restricted area Security

Location of security fences and parameters of
track
Passes required in the marshal post area. Assist
SECTOR BRIEFING TEMPLATE security by checking passes and stopping people
No BRIEFING ITEM CHECK from being where they should not be.

1 WELCOME to all of the team, and then introduce 2 CHECK ATTENDANCE - sheet - first time around,
yourself, giving short details of background. have each official give brief background.

Reinforce role of Trackside Marshals is to maintain Instruct not to leave post unless permission given.
a safe competition area for the competitors, and to
ensure the rules of the event are complied with. 3 TEAMS at SECTOR - Flags, Communications,
Track, Fire, Medical, vehicles. Emphasize overall
Each marshal is responsible for personal comfort team most important, then teamwork within
& equipment groups - always back each other up.
Sun protection
Noise protection Check sufficient marshals to complete all teams &
Solid footwear functions.
Temperature & rain protection
Reporting if medically unfit Each day, each team to check their equipment and
report deficiencies.
General rules include:
Always stand, facing oncoming traffic Each day, check pit lane & track in front for water,
Keep an eye on all around- competitors, officials, danger, fencing, spectators, other OHS items etc.
others Report back if a problem. Also report if conditions
No cameras or phone unless authorized by a change during day or events
senior official
On duty until stood down Recognize that medical teams not always track-
wise. Discuss responses with them, and settle on
Trackside geography procedures.
Location of toilets
Location of fire protection 4 FORM INTO GROUPS at various locations allocated
Location of Medical assistance by Sector
Location of senior marshals Marshal, group leaders nomination based
Location of spill kits- for fluid spills on experience & known ability) and working

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APPENDIX
No BRIEFING ITEM
4 arrangements within group - hand signals,
whistles.
At post, check equipment and report deficiencies
At post, all to check area for water, danger,
fencing. Spectators, etc. Report back if a problem.
5 FLAGS - run through flagging systems (including
Digflag) & who does what
6 RADIO MARSHALS - should pass on messages to
others (track open, delay on start, etc.)
Verbal Loop report on all incidents of any
consequences. Race Control radio not normally
used for this
Written report on all vehicles, barrier, or person
contact, and all medical problems.
Include other risks in reports- oil, damaged fence,
and spilt fuel.
7 SAFETY BRIEFING
Reinforce track status ie Open & Closed
Stand Up
Face Traffic where possible (Flag marshals face
each other)
Stay behind barriers (debris & solid) unless
necessary
Minimum time in front of barriers if necessary.
No smoking, phones, cameras.
Flag signals to all vehicles.
On Open TRACK - move out and check track for
debris & oil.
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CHECK No BRIEFING ITEM CHECK
7 Take extinguisher, to accidents unless totally sure
not needed.
Place Post equipment out of way.
8 AT INCIDENTS - Think before you leap, & check
flags are displayed before entering track -
GENERAL RULE - Count to 10. Take appropriate
equipment to incident site - extinguishers, ropes.
Face oncoming traffic while standing or walking
whenever possible. Watch out for each other.
Never walk away with back to track.
Do not manhandle competitors after incident
unless for their protection.
Competitors usually tense and defensive after
incidents. Offer drink if available, helps develop
communication.
Do not attempt to assist casualties except in a
very general way - call for medical help.
Do not stand close to tow trucks or JCB Snatch
vehicles while they are lifting.
Leave incident site when no longer required - do
not stand around watching.
9 Tidiness - equipment, personal gear, rubbish -
remember that area is in full view of all- must be
tidy, and also APPEAR tidy, professional, safe.
Place equipment & personal gear where it will not
trip anyone and where it will be secure.
10 Confirm instructions for Track
Inspections - Marshal posts with no
communications must watch & copy other posts
during inspections.
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APPENDIX WWW.ATCUAE.AE WWW.ATCUAE.AE APPENDIX

No BRIEFING ITEM CHECK

11 PERSONAL SAFETY - Sunburn, Noise. Debris. Appendix 2

Fire, wet weather, injury from jumping fences,
manhandling race vehicles. Need to report injury
or illness to senior.
Detail location & arrangements for using toilets PIT LANE BRIEFING TEMPLATE
No BRIEFING ITEM CHECK
12 CROSSING OF TRACK - Only when given
permission by I/0, Post Chief. Photographers the 1 Welcome- to all of team introduces self, deputy,
same, under marshal control. and pit entry & pit exit, giving short details of
background of each.
13 END OF DAY - meet again, debrief, report
problems, assemble equipment, wait for transport Reinforce role of Pit Marshals Team is to maintain
or walk after being stood down a clear and safe working area for the competitors
and other persons present, and to ensure the rules
14 SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR SOME TRACKSIDE of the event are complied with.
POSTS DIRECTING COMPETITORS OFF THE
TRACK AFTER EVENTS Each is responsible for personal comfort &
equipment
PARC FERME - specific instructions for parc ferme Sun protection
activities. Noise protection
RED FLAG - specific actions to take when Red Flag Solid footwear
used. Temperature & rain protection.
Reporting of medically unfit
15 EQUIPMENT required at Marshal Posts
Flags - blue, yellow x 2, red & Yellow (oil), red, General rules include:
green, White. Always stand facing oncoming traffic.
Radios - for senior marshals and key positions. Keep an eye on all around - competitors,
List of competitors officials, others.
Incident Report Forms - for reporting incidents. No cameras or phones unless authorized by a
Minute by minute Schedules. senior official.
Brooms, oil soaker, water - for cleaning fluid & On duty until stood down.
other spills.
Fire Extinguishers Pit Lane geography
Rubbish bins / bags Location of toilets
Location of fire protection
Location of Medical assistance,

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APPENDIX WWW.ATCUAE.AE
No BRIEFING ITEM CHECK
1 Location of senior marshals.
Location of spill kits - for fluid spills
Location of Medical Centre
Pit Lane Security
Location of security fences and parameters of
Pit Lane
Passes required in Pit Lane
Assist security by checking passes and stopping
people from being where they should not be.
Pit walks - assist in control of such
2 CHECK ATTENDANCE sheet - first time around,
have each official give brief background -
experience, occupation.
Instruct all not to leave post unless permission
given, and to report for Medical attention if unwell
at any time.
3 TEAMS in PITLANE - Marshals, Pit Exit, Statline,
Communications, Flags, Fire, Medical, radar gun,
Scrutineers, emergency vehicle crews.
Emphasize overall team most important, then
teamwork within groups - always back each
other up. Protect each other at all times. Trainees
always under direct supervision from experienced
marshals.
Recognize that medical teams not always track-
wise.
Inform various marshal teams of rosters for work-
breaks.
Fire marshals to monitor pit stops and be prepared
to respond quickly.
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No BRIEFING ITEM CHECK
4 CHECK sufficient marshals to complete all teams
& functions.
Each day, each team to check their equipment and
report deficiencies.
Each day, check pit lane & track in front for water,
danger, fencing, spectators etc. Report back if a
problem. Also report if conditions change during
day or events.
5 PIT MARSHALS, WHILE ON NORMAL DUTY
- stand in line as directed, facing traffic at all
times. Depending on instructions, this may be
along centre line or against garage walls. Watch
for crews & others crossing fast lane & warn if
needed. Use whistles as a warning to others unless
told not to.
During race starts, no crew is allowed on
signaling wall for first lap. At other times, monitor
numbers on signaling wall - remove excess
persons.
No children under 16 in pit lane, except under
controlled Pit Walks.
No smoking in pit lane.
No reversing of cars in pit lane - must be pushed
backwards.
Speed limits apply to all vehicles in pit lane -
race & official.
Solid supports must be placed under all race
vehicles if crew working under vehicle.
No race vehicle may be worked on in the “fast
lane”.
During pit walks, pit lane not accessible to
competitors ¬still watch for traffic.
Watch for & stop all unsafe activities in pit lane -
it is part of race track.
Monitor all official vehicles in Pit Lane, and give
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APPENDIX WWW.ATCUAE.AE WWW.ATCUAE.AE APPENDIX

No BRIEFING ITEM CHECK No BRIEFING ITEM CHECK

5 warnings to them or to persons in Pit Lane as
appropriate. Ensure recovery vehicles have plenty
of space when unloading race vehicles. Watch for
spilt fluids at this time.
If concerned about mechanical problems, inform
Scrutineer.
If concerned about possible fire, have
extinguisher ready and inform race team.
6 SENIORS on Radio - pass on messages to others
(track open, delays on starts, changes to program
etc.)
Report on all incidents of any consequence.
7 Take appropriate equipment to incident site -
extinguishers, carry straps. Leave incident site
when no longer required.
Face oncoming traffic whenever possible. Watch
out for each other.
Keep fast lane open whenever possible.
Do not manhandle competitors after incident
unless for their protection. Competitors usually are
edgy and defensive after incidents.
8 SAFETY BRIEFING
Reinforce Closed TRACK- even in Pit Lane

Provide a written report on all vehicles to vehicle, Stand up & face where possible.
barrier, or person contact, and all medical
problems - check with Sector Marshal. Stay behind barriers (watch for debris- parts &
dirt) unless necessary.
Include other risks in reports - oil, damaged fence
& buildings, spilt fuel. Spend minimum time in front of barriers or in fast
lane, only as necessary.
7 ALL MARSHALS IN PIT LANE - Watch for
accidents IN Pit Lane and also on track alongside, No smoking, phones, cameras.
and for debris as well.
Show flag to all vehicles – race & emergency.
Keep an eye on all other marshals, so as to protect
each other. On Open TRACK – move around and check track
for debris & oil.
Race Teams are responsible for cleaning up their
own spilt liquids, and other debris from their Assist recovery crews with recovery of race
activities. Watch pit stops closely, and ensure they vehicles.
do clean up properly. Be careful when lifting or pushing heavy vehicles.

AT INCIDENTS - Think before you leap, & check CROSSING OF TRACK- On permission of I/0 or
flags are displayed before entering track. Post Chief.

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APPENDIX WWW.ATCUAE.AE WWW.ATCUAE.AE APPENDIX

No BRIEFING ITEM CHECK No BRIEFING ITEM CHECK

8 Photographers the same- should cross at Marshal 14 Equipment – required in Pit Lane
Posts, or under control of marshals.
9 Personal Safety- Sunburn, noise, debris, fire,
or cold weather, injury from jumping fences &
when manhandling race vehicles.
Wear protective glasses, gloves when handling hot
material & sharp edges.
Need to report injury or illness to senior- also
physical limitations.
Identify location & arrangements for using toilets.
Flags - yellow for pit lane & race starts
Speed signs - into Pit Lane and out of Pit Lane
Whistles - one for each marshal.
Radios - for senior marshals and key positions
Incident Report Forms - for reporting incidents.
Minute X Minute Schedules.
Brooms, oil soaker, water - for cleaning fluid &
other spills.
Fire Extinguishers.

10 TIDINESS - equipment, personal gear, rubbish - Notes

remember that area is in full view of all- must be
tidy, and also APPEAR tidy, professional, safe.
Place equipment & personal gear where it will not
trip anyone and where it will be secure.

11 Confirm instructions for Track

Inspections. Marshal Posts with no
communications must watch & copy other posts
during inspections.

12 END OF DAY - meet again, debrief, report

problems, and assemble equipment, before being
stood down.

13 RACE STARTS - give specific instructions for race

starts- all on duty
PARC FERME – Specific instructions for Parc
Ferme activities.
PIT WALKS - Specific roles during Pit Walks, and
when Crews are entering or leaving Pit Lane.
RED FLAG – Specific actions to take when RED
FLAG used.

PAGE / 86 WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE PAGE / 87

APPENDIX
Appendix 3
POINTERS FOR MEDICAL TEAM
SAFETY BRIEFING
1. General
Safety first
Environmental factors
(e.g. heat & sun)
Medical, drugs and alcohol
What to bring with you
2. The Team
Team approach to incident -
briefly how they all fit.
Function of the Sector Marshal.
Other marshals (briefly) Sector
/ Flag/Communications / Fire /
Track / Recovery / Emergency
Vehicles / Boundary Riders.
Race Control in charge, using
regulations, procedures, and
radio.
3. In The Marshal Zone
Explain circuit vs. Marshal Zone.
Position of equipment &
belongings.
Do not stand within one meter of
a secondary barrier or between
a primary and secondary blocks
(i.e. where there are access gaps),
unless your duties require you to
do so.
Do not lean on barriers (shock-
PAGE / 88
WWW.ATCUAE.AE
wave and barrier movement
during impact) stand well back.
Do not sit/stand with back to
traffic.
Remain standing at all times the
track is “closed”: for racing.
Keep constant lookout.
Protect yourself from flying debris
in the case of any incident close to
you.
Pre-plan your escape route before
the incident.
Act immediately if another official
shouts a warning.
4. On the Track
Be aware of track status.
Flags, esp. yellow/red (rest
briefly).
When to enter circuit during
incident (i.e. at direction of sector
marshal, when clear).
LOOK first - speed of cars, other
cars involved in incident, other
marshals
No need to rush at the expense of
safety.
While on circuit other cars may
still be mobile - look out and
minimize exposure (physical/
time).
Use the “buddy system”- move in
pairs and look out for each other.
Position stationary car between
self and traffic (If room allows).
Fire risk - if in doubt ask fire
marshal before approaching
vehicle.
WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE
WWW.ATCUAE.AE
Smoke may affect visibility.
What not to touch - e.g. shock
absorbers can burn, suspension
arms can be razor-sharp, sharp
metal which has been cut during
extrication.
If not sure, ASK!!
Appendix 4
FORMULA 1 START MARSHALS’
BRIEFING NOTES
These will be published prior to the
event.
Appendix 5
FORMS COMMONLY USED BY
MARSHALS
In the following pages, the forms
commonly used by Marshals are
attached and these are:
Incident Report Form
Major Incident Report Form
Pit Report Form
Incident Officer Personnel Sheet
Event Feedback Report Form
WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE
APPENDIX
Copies of these forms will be held
by the Post Chiefs and the Incident
Officers.
All of the forms must be sent to the
Administrative Office of the Secretary
of the Meeting. During the event,
those completing the forms can use
the services of the Boundary riders.
Appendix 6
First Aid
Basic First Aid – Some Basic
Principles:
Your own safety is paramount -
you can’t help anyone if you too
are injured.
Stop and think before you act.
Keep a crashed car between
yourself and oncoming traffic.
Ensure no one is smoking near a
crashed vehicle.
Deal with the fire first and try to
isolate the vehicle’s electrics
Try to approach the driver from
their direction of vision
Speak to the driver - their
response or lack of it is a key
indicator to whether further
assistances needed.
Pause and assess the situation
before summoning help. Don’t
grab a casualty and never drag
an unconscious casualty out of a
PAGE / 89
APPENDIX
car unless the risk presented by
leaving them where they are is
greater.
Look out for the quiet casualty.
The more noise a casualty is
making, the less problems they
are likely to have. A conscious
casualty who is speaking must be
breathing.
Appendix 7
Glossary
Aerodynamics: The study of airflow
over and around an object and an
intrinsic part of Formula One car
design.
Appeal: An action that a team takes
on its drivers’ behalf if it feels that
they have been unfairly penalized by
the race officials.
Ballast: Weights fixed around the car
to maximize its balance and bring it
up to the minimum weight limit.
Bargeboard: The piece of bodywork
mounted vertically between the front
wheels and the start of the sidepods
to help smooth the airflow around the
sides of the car.
Blistering: The consequence of a tire,
PAGE / 90
WWW.ATCUAE.AE
or part of a tire, overheating. Excess
heat can cause rubber to soften and
break away in chunks from the body
of the tire. Blistering can be caused
by the selection of an inappropriate
tire compound (for example, one that
is too soft for circuit conditions), too
high tire pressure, or an improperly
set up car
Bodywork: The carbon fiber sections
fitted onto the monocoque before
the cars leave the pits, such as the
engine cover: the cockpit top and the
nosecone.
Bottoming: When a car’s chassis hits
the track surface as it runs through a
sharp compression and reaches the
bottom of its suspension travel.
Brake balance: A switch in the
cockpit to alter the split of the car’s
braking power between the front
and the rear wheels according to a
driver’s wish.
Chicane: A tight sequence of corners
in alternate directions. Usually
inserted into a circuit to slow the
cars, often just before what had been
a high-speed corner
Clean air: Air that isn’t turbulent, and
thus offers optimum aerodynamic
conditions, as experienced by a car at
the head of the field.
WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE
WWW.ATCUAE.AE
Compound: Tread compound is
the part of any tire in contact with
the road and therefore one of
the major factors in deciding tire
performance. The ideal compound
is one with maximum grip but which
still maintains durability and heat
resistance. A typical Formula One
race compound will have more than
ten ingredients such as rubbers,
polymers, sulphur: carbon black, oil
and other curatives. Each of these
includes a vast number of derivatives
any of which can be used to a greater
or lesser degree Very small changes
to the mix can change compound
performance.
Diffuser: The rear section of the
car’s floor or under tray where the
air flowing under the car exits. The
design of the diffuser is crucial as it
controls the speed at which the air
exits. The faster its exit, the lower
the air pressure beneath the car, and
hence the more down force the car
generates.
Down force: The aerodynamic force
that is applied in a downwards
direction as a car travels forwards.
This is harnessed to improve a car’s
traction and its handling through
corners.
Drag: the aerodynamic resistance
experienced as a car travels
forwards.
WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE
APPENDIX
Drive-through penalty: One of two
penalties that can be handed out at
the discretion of the Stewards whilst
the race is still running. Drivers must
enter the pit lane, drive through it
complying with the speed limit, and
re-join the race without stopping.
Flat spot: The term given to the
area of a tire that is worn heavily on
one spot after a moment of extreme
braking or in the course of a spin.
This ruins its handling, often causing
severe vibration, and may force a
driver to pit for a replacement set of
tires.
Formation lap: A lap before the start
of the race when the cars are driven
round from the grid to form up on the
grid again for the start of the race.
G-force: A physical force equivalent
to one unit of gravity that is multiplied
dur¬ing rapid changes of direction or
velocity. Drivers experience severe
G-forces as they corner, accelerate
and brake.
Gravel trap: A bed of gravel on the
outside of corners designed with the
aim of bringing cars that fall off the
circuit to a halt.
Grip: The amount of traction a car
has at any given point, affecting how
easy it is for the driver to keep control
through corners.
PAGE / 91
APPENDIX
Installation lap: A lap done on arrival
at a circuit, testing functions such as
throt¬tle, brakes and steering before
heading back to the pits without
crossing the finish line.
Intermediate tire: A tire that has
more grooves and a more treaded
pattern than the dry weather tire, but
less than a full wet-weather tire, and
is used in mixed conditions.
Jump start: When a driver moves
off his grid position before the five
red lights have been switched off
to signal the start. Sensors detect
premature movement and a jump
start earns a driver a penalty.
KERS: Kinetic Energy Recovery
system, used to stored energy to be
used by the driver as a performance
boost.
Left-foot braking: A style of braking
made popular in the 1990s following
the arrival of hand clutches so that
drivers could keep their right foot on
the throttle and dedicate their left to
braking.
Lollipop: The sign on a stick held in
front of the car during a pit stop to
inform the driver to apply the brakes
and then to engage first gear prior to
the car being lowered from its jacks.
PAGE / 92
WWW.ATCUAE.AE
Marshal: A track official who
oversees the safe running of the race.
Marshals have several roles to fill,
including observing the spectators
to ensure they do not endanger
themselves or the competitors, acting
as fire wardens, helping to remove
stranded cars/drivers from the
track and waving flags to signal the
condition of the track to drivers.
Monocoque: The single-piece tub in
which the cockpit is located, with the
engine fixed behind it and the front
suspension on either side at the front.
Oversteer: When a car’s rear end
doesn’t want to go around a corner
and tries to overtake the front end as
the driver turns in towards the apex.
This often requires opposite-lock to
correct, whereby the driver turns the
front wheels into the skid.
Paddles: Levers on either side of the
back of a steering wheel with which
a driver changes up and down the
gearbox.
Paddock: An enclosed area behind
the pits in which the teams keep their
trans¬porters and motor homes.
There is no admission to the public.
Pare Ferme: A fenced-off area into
which cars are driven after qualifying
and the race, where no team
members are allowed to touch them
WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE
WWW.ATCUAE.AE
except under the strict supervision of
race stewards.
Pit board: A board held out on the
pit wall to inform a driver of his race
position, the time interval to the car
ahead or the one behind, plus the
number of laps of the race remaining.
Pit wall: Where the team owner;
managers and engineers spend the
race, usually under an awning to keep
sun and rain off their monitors.
Pits: An area of track separated
from the start/finish straight by a
wall, where the cars are brought for
new tires and fuel during the race,
or for set-up changes in practice,
each stopping at their respective pit
garages.
Plank: A hard wooden strip (also
known as a skid block) that is fitted
front-to back down the middle of the
underside of all cars to check that they
are not being run too close to the track
surface, something that is apparent if
the wood is excessively worn.
Pole position: The first place on the
starting grid, as awarded to the driver
who lapped fastest during Saturday’s
qualifying session.
Practice: The periods on Friday and
Saturday mornings at a Grand Prix
meeting when the drivers are out on
WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE
APPENDIX
the track working on the set-up of
their cars in preparation for qualifying
and the race.
Qualifying: The period on the
Saturday in which drivers are allowed
to set the best time they can. The
fastest driver in qualifying takes pole
position.
Reconnaissance lap: A lap completed
when drivers leave the pits to
assemble on the grid for the start. If
a driver decides to do several, they
must divert through the pit lane as
the grid will be crowded with team
personnel.
Retirement: When a car has to drop
out of the race because of an accident
or mechanical failure.
Ride height: The height between the
track’s surface and the floor of the car.
Safety Car: The course vehicle that
is called from the pits to run in front
of the leading car in the race in the
event of a problem that requires the
cars to be slowed.
Scrutineering: The technical
checking of cars by the officials to
ensure that none are outside the
regulations.
Shakedown: A brief test when a team
is trying a different car part for the
PAGE / 93
APPENDIX
first time before going back out to
drive at 100% to set a fast time.
Sidepod: The part of the car that
flanks the sides of the monocoque
alongside the driver and runs back to
the rear wing, housing the radiators.
Slipstreaming: A driving tactic when
a driver is able to catch the car ahead
and duck in behind its rear wing to
benefit from a reduction in drag over
its body and hopefully be able to
achieve a superior maximum speed
to slingshot past before the next
corner.
‘Splash and dash’: A pit stop in the
closing laps of the race when a driver
calls in for just a few litres of fuel to
be sure of making it to the finish.
Steward: One of three high-ranking
officials at each Grand Prix appointed
to make decisions.
Stop-go penalty: A penalty given that
involves the driver calling at his pit
and stopping for 10 seconds - with no
refueling or tire-changing allowed.
Tear-off strips: See-through plastic
strips that drivers fit to their helmet’s
visor before the start of the race and
then remove as they become dirt.
Telemetry: A system that beams data
related to the engine and chassis to
PAGE / 94
WWW.ATCUAE.AE WWW.ATCUAE.AE Notes
com¬puters in the pit garage so that Notes
engineers can monitor that car’s
behavior.
Traction: The degree to which a car
is able to transfer its power onto the
track surface for forward progress.
Turbulence: The result of the
disruption of airflow caused by an
interruption to its passage, such
as when it hits a rear wing and its
horizontal flow is spoiled.
Tyre compound: The type of rubber
mix used in the construction of
a tire, ranging from soft through
medium to hard, with each offering
a different per¬formance and wear
characteristic.
Tyre warmer: An electric blanket that
is wrapped around the tires before
they are fitted to the car so that they
will start closer to their optimum
operating temperature.
Understeer: Where the front end of
the car doesn’t want to turn into a
corner and slides wide as the driver
tries to turn in towards the apex.
Under tray: A separate floor to the
car that is bolted onto the underside
of the monocoque.
WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE PAGE / 95
Maps WWW.ATCUAE.AE WWW.ATCUAE.AE Maps

Appendix 8 Post No Post Chief (ES-9) Incident Officer (ES-1) Medical (ES-6)

1 Papa, One Yankee Mike, One

Communication
Yas Marina Circuit operates a dedicated track radio network that
facilitates nine user groups, each group supports a vitally important
area of responsibility for the safe operation and delivery of the circuit
for Drivers and Racing.
Each user group is identified by a prefix and letter combination i.e.
ES1 (Emergency Services One) and thereafter a specific call sign as
illustrated below. For ease of track locational awareness, call signs
have been grouped to Marshal Post numbers.
Senior Official (ES-1)
Alpha-1 Chief Medical Officer
Alpha-2 Deputy Chief Medical Officer
Echo-1 Clerk of the Course
Echo-2 Deputy Clerk of the Course
Echo-3 Assistant Clerk of the Course
Echo-4 Chief Observer
X-ray Medical Centre
Zulu Chief Incident Officer
Vehicles (ES-1)
Medical FIV Medic, One to Five
Rescue FIV Rescue, One & Two
Extrication FIV KED One, Two, Three
2 Papa, Two Yankee Mike, Two
3 Papa, Three Yankee Mike, Three Alpha, Three
4 Papa, Four Yankee Mike, Four
5 Papa, Five Yankee Mike, Five
6 Papa, Six Yankee Mike, Six
7 Papa, Seven Yankee Mike, Seven Alpha, Six
8 Papa, Eight N/A
9 Papa, Nine Yankee Mike, Nine Alpha, Nine
10 Papa, One-Zero N/A
11 Papa, One-One Yankee Mike, One-One
12 Papa, One-Two Yankee Mike, One-Two
13 Papa, One-Three Yankee Mike, One-Three
14 Papa, One-Four Yankee Mike, One-Four Alpha, One-Four
15 Papa, One-Five Yankee Mike, One-Five
16 Papa, One-Six Yankee Mike, One-Six
17 Papa, One-Seven Yankee Mike, One-Seven
18 Papa, One-Eight Yankee Mike, One-Eight
19 Papa, One-Nine Yankee Mike, One-Nine
20 Papa, Two-Zero Yankee Mike, Two-Zero
21 Papa, Two-One Yankee Mike, Two-One Alpha, Two-One
22 Papa, Two-Two Yankee Mike, Two-Two
23 Papa, Two-Three Yankee Mike, Two-Three
24 Papa, Two-Four Yankee Mike, Two-Four
25 Papa, Two-Five Yankee Mike, Two-Five Alpha, Two-Five
26 Papa, Two-Six Yankee Mike, Two-Six
27 Papa, Two-Seven Yankee Mike, Two-Seven Alpha, Two-Seven
28 Papa, Two-Eight Yankee Mike, Two-Eight
29 Papa, Two-Nine Yankee Mike, Two-Nine
30 Papa, Three-Zero Yankee Mike, Three-Zero
31 Papa, Three-One Yankee Mike, Three-One
32 Papa, Three-Two Yankee Mike, Three-Two

Alpha Papa, One

PIT LANE COVER Alpha Papa, Two
Alpha Papa, Three

PAGE / 96 WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE PAGE / 97

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Notes WWW.ATCUAE.AE WWW.ATCUAE.AE Notes

Notes Notes

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Notes WWW.ATCUAE.AE WWW.ATCUAE.AE Notes

Notes Notes

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Notes WWW.ATCUAE.AE WWW.ATCUAE.AE Notes

Notes Notes

PAGE / 106 WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE WWW.YASMARINACIRCUIT.AE PAGE / 107

 © 2009 Abu Dhabi Motorsports Management. All Rights Reserved. Privileged and Confidential.

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This document has been produced in collaboration with ADMM and ATCUAE. of their respective subsidiary undertakings or affiliates or directors, officers or any other person as to the fairness, accuracy or
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