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Job Satisfaction and Acculturation

Among Filipino Registered Nurses

Article in Journal of Nursing Scholarship 40(1):46-51 · February

2008 with 1,679 Reads 
DOI: 10.1111/j.1547-5069.2007.00205.x · Source: PubMed
Cite this publication

Emerson Ea
7.85 · New York University

Mary Quinn Griffin

Nora L'Eplattenier

Joyce Fitzpatrick
41.56 · Case Western Reserve University

Abstract

To determine the (a) levels of acculturation and job

satisfaction, (b) relationship between acculturation and job
satisfaction, and (c) effects of select sociodemographic
variables in predicting job satisfaction among Filipino RNs
educated in the Philippines who are working in the US.
Descriptive correlational. A convenience sample of Filipino
RNs (N=96) present during the PNAA Eastern Regional
Conference in Baltimore, MD was conducted. A survey was
conducted using A Short Acculturation Scale for Filipino
Americans (ASASFA) to measure acculturation, Part B of
the Index of Work Satisfaction Scale (IWS) to assess job
satisfaction, and a participant demographic questionnaire.
Data were analyzed using A Pearson correlation coefficient
and multiple regression analysis. Participants had a
moderate level of job satisfaction that was positively
correlated to a level of acculturation that was closer to
American than to Filipino culture. Furthermore, age, length
of U.S. residency, and acculturation significantly predicted
perception of job satisfaction among this group of Filipino
RNs. Job satisfaction among Filipino nurses is related to
acculturation and select sociodemographic variables.
Further research to determine how best to improve
acculturation may lead to improved retention rates of
Filipino nurses in countries to which they have migrated.

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Citations (66) References (37)

... Of the 18 studies included in this review, 11 were

qualitative (Connor, 2016;Dicicco-Bloom, 2004;Ho,
2015;Iheduru-Anderson & Wahi, 2018; Jose, 2011; Lin,
2014;Sherman & Eggenberger, 2008;Wheeler, Foster, &
Hepburn, 2013;Wheeler, Foster, & Hepburn,
2014;Wolcott, Llamado, & Mace, 2013;Yi & Jezewski,
2000), six were cross-sectional (Beechinor & Fitzpatrick,
2008; Ea, Griffin, L'Eplattenier, & Fitzpatrick, 2008; Geun,
Redman, & McCullagh, 2016;Jose, Griffin, Click, &
Fitzpatrick, 2008;Ma, Quinn Griffin, Capitulo, & Fitzpatrick,
2010;Pittman, Davis, Shaffer, Herrera, & Bennett, 2014),
and one was a case study ( Liou & Cheng, 2011). The
crosssectional studies varied, measuring levels of
acculturation ( Ea et al., 2008), demands of immigration in
the TTP experiences of IENs (Beechinor & Fitzpatrick,
2008;Jose et al., 2008;Ma et al., 2010), expected and
perceived organizational experiences and turnover (Geun
et al., 2016), and perceived discrimination ( Pittman et al.,
2014). ...

... Of the 18 studies included in this review, 11 were

qualitative (Connor, 2016;Dicicco-Bloom, 2004;Ho,
2015;Iheduru-Anderson & Wahi, 2018; Jose, 2011; Lin,
2014;Sherman & Eggenberger, 2008;Wheeler, Foster, &
Hepburn, 2013;Wheeler, Foster, & Hepburn,
2014;Wolcott, Llamado, & Mace, 2013;Yi & Jezewski,
2000), six were cross-sectional (Beechinor & Fitzpatrick,
2008;Ea, Griffin, L'Eplattenier, & Fitzpatrick, 2008;Geun,
Redman, & McCullagh, 2016;Jose, Griffin, Click, &
Fitzpatrick, 2008;Ma, Quinn Griffin, Capitulo, & Fitzpatrick,
2010;Pittman, Davis, Shaffer, Herrera, & Bennett, 2014),
and one was a case study ( Liou & Cheng, 2011). The
crosssectional studies varied, measuring levels of
acculturation ( Ea et al., 2008) , demands of immigration
in the TTP experiences of IENs (Beechinor & Fitzpatrick,
2008;Jose et al., 2008;Ma et al., 2010), expected and
perceived organizational experiences and turnover (Geun
et al., 2016), and perceived discrimination ( Pittman et al.,
2014). Meanwhile, the qualitative studies included
interviews and focus groups and centered on IENs' lived
experiences with transitioning into the U.S. health-care
system. ...

... Two studies (Wheeler et al., 2013(Wheeler et al., ,

2014) utilized the same sample of 42 IENs, and reported
source regions in place of source countries. Three of the
18 studies included solely Filipino IENs (Connor, 2016; Ea
et al., 2008; Lin, 2014) and, overall, there was
representation in the studies from countries other than the
Philippines. The majority of IENs in the studies were
females, in their 30s and 40s, although two studies (
Pittman et al., 2014;Wolcott et al., 2013) did not report
gender. ...

Transition-to-U.S. Practice Experiences of Internationally

Educated Nurses: An Integrative Review
Article
Jul 2019 · WESTERN J NURS RES
Lauren V. Ghazal · Chenjuan Ma · Maja Djukic · Allison
Squires

View Show abstract

... Job dissatisfaction among psychiatric nurses is a

significant issue ( Aronson, 2005). It is important to retain
nurses working in psychiatric services and better
understand the factors related to dissatisfaction,
particularly in times of overall shortages of nurses globally
( Ea et al., 2008 ). In Egypt, increase in specialization and
complicacy has led the field of psychological health to
develop into an independent field of nursing; at the same
time challenges in this profession are growing. ...

... Although there are many studies on job satisfaction

among nurses in Egypt, there is a gap in relation to
professional identity. Job satisfaction among nurses has
been studied in relation to variables such as turnover and
intent to leave ( Larrabee et al., 2003), acculturation ( Ea
et al., 2008 ), nursing leadership ( Cummings et al., 2008),
longevity in practice ( Murrells et al., 2008), and area of
practice ( Russell and Van Gedder, 2008). Significant
relationships were found between job satisfaction and
nurse attitudes ( Larrabee et al., 2003), acculturation ( Ea
et al., 2008), achievement, recognition, responsibility,
advancement, and the work itself ( Russell and Van
Gedder, 2008). ...

... Job satisfaction among nurses has been studied in

relation to variables such as turnover and intent to leave (
Larrabee et al., 2003), acculturation ( Ea et al., 2008),
nursing leadership ( Cummings et al., 2008), longevity in
practice ( Murrells et al., 2008), and area of practice (
Russell and Van Gedder, 2008). Significant relationships
were found between job satisfaction and nurse attitudes (
Larrabee et al., 2003), acculturation ( Ea et al., 2008 ),
achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement,
and the work itself ( Russell and Van Gedder, 2008).
Professional identity has been reported as a strong factor
associated with nurses' job satisfaction and Table 4
Correlation between classification of nurses' professional
identity and their satisfaction (N=50) ...

Relationship between job satisfaction and professional

identity among psychiatric nurses
Article
Jan 2017
Abeer RefaatA Kabeel · SaharAbd El-Mohsen Mosa Eisa

View

... This study suggested that the acculturation process a

person experiences has negative consequences on their
health. When one's level of acculturation increases after
residing in the United States for quite a while, only then
will they experience satisfaction in their work ( Ea, Griffin,
Eplattenier & Fitzpatrick, 2008 ). Limited research has
been done on the acculturation process of Filipino
immigrants, especially nurses working in the United
States. ...

... Therefore, the sample of nurses did not express strong

satisfaction or dissatisfaction with their jobs at the SNFs.
The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was generated from
the individual means of ASASFA and TSS, which was the
same process used in the Ea et al. (2008) article . There
was no correlation found between acculturation and job
satisfaction. ...

... For the level of acculturation of the sample, the nurses

were closer to the American culture rather than the
Filipino culture. This is consistent with other research
which showed that the Filipino nurses' acculturation level
usually leans towards the host culture (Ea, Itzhaki,
Ehrenfeld, & Fitzpatrick, 2010; Ea et al., 2008 ). The age
of the participants when they arrived in the United States,
as well as the social media in the Philippines , were
factors that might have influenced the level of
acculturation. ...

Nursing in a New Land: Acculturation and Job Satisfaction

Among Filipino Registered Nurses Work… Nursing Facilities
Nursing Facilities
Article
Jan 2013
Lourdes Reyes · Jayne Cohen

View

... In the Philippines, elementary and high school

education is compulsory and requires a total of 10 years
(6 in elementary and 4 in high school); additionally, most
college educa​ tion requires 4 years, bringing the total to
14 years. This result was not surprising, however,
because the minimum entry-level requirement needed to
work as a professional in the Philippines is a
baccalaureate degree ( Ea et al., 2008 ). In addition, most
Filipinos prioritize the value of higher education for
reasons of social and economic advancement (Serafica,
2011;Ea et al., 2008)). ...

... This result was not surprising, however, because the

minimum entry-level requirement needed to work as a
professional in the Philippines is a baccalaureate degree (
Ea et al., 2008). In addition, most Filipinos prioritize the
value of higher education for reasons of social and
economic advancement (Serafica, 2011; Ea et al., 2008) ).
The majority of the participants' reported household yearly
incomes between $25,000 and $75,000, which is also
consistent w ith other recent studies among FAs ( Ea et
al., 2008;de Castro et al., 2008). ...

... In addition, most Filipinos prioritize the value of higher

education for reasons of social and economic
advancement (Serafica, 2011;Ea et al., 2008)). The
majority of the participants' reported household yearly
incomes between $25,000 and $75,000, which is also
consistent w ith other recent studies among FAs ( Ea et
al., 2008; de Castro et al., 2008). Since Filipinos were
educated in English in the Philippines, many of the
immigrants were well versed in English language and
were able to enter the US workforce w ith their degrees
and earn the incomes of professionals (Serafica, 2011). ...

Hapag Kainan: Dietary Consumption of Fat, Sugar, Fruits

and Vegetables Among Filipino Americans
Article
Sep 2015 · J Cult Divers
Reimund Serafica · Susan Hayes Lane · Clementina D
Ceria-Ulep

View Show abstract

... A better understanding of immigrant employees'

acculturation strategies is an indispensable precondition,
since an extensive review of the literature reveals a critical
link between immigrants' acculturation and their
adjustment to the host country (Berry, 1997). Although a
wealth of research exists on immigrants' choice of
acculturation strategies in the workplace, especially in the
USA (e.g., Au, Garey, Bermas, & Chan, 1998; Ea, Griffin,
L'Eplattenier, & Fitzpatrick, 2008; Leong, 2001; Leong &
Chou, 1994), very few studies have been conducted in the
Australian context (Lu et al., 2011 ). There is an urgent
demand for more empirical evidence to understand
immigrant employees' acculturation strategies and the
nature of the relationship between acculturation strategies
and job-related outcomes, such as employee
performance, job satisfaction, commitment, interpersonal
communication, and level of conflict (Lu et al., 2011). ...

... Job satisfaction is a multifaceted concept which can be

influenced by various factors, including personal
characteristics such as age, gender, education, and job
tenure, as well as environmental factors such as
promotion opportunities and social support at work (e.g.,
Au et al., 1998; Ea, Griffin, L'Eplattenier, & Fitzpatrick,
2008; Leong, 2001). Studies of immigrants' job
satisfaction are relatively patchy (Ea et al., 2008). ...

... Job satisfaction is a multifaceted concept which can be

influenced by various factors, including personal
characteristics such as age, gender, education, and job
tenure, as well as environmental factors such as
promotion opportunities and social support at work (e.g.,
Au et al., 1998; Ea, Griffin, L'Eplattenier, & Fitzpatrick,
2008; Leong, 2001). Studies of immigrants' job
satisfaction are relatively patchy ( Ea et al., 2008 ). Leong
and Chou (1994) hypothesized that less acculturated
Asian Americans may experience less job satisfaction and
more stress than their relatively more acculturated peers.
...

The relationship between acculturation strategy and job

satisfaction for professional Chines… Australian workplace
Australian workplace
Article
Sep 2012 · INT J INTERCULT REL
Ying Lu · Ramanie Samaratunge · Charmine Hartel

View

... Cultural background has been demonstrated to have a

sig- nificant impact on job satisfaction among immigrant
nurses ( Ea et al. 2008; Itzhaki et al. 2013). Cultural
background also may have an impact on interactions with
local nurses in the work- place. ...

... The finding that the longer overseas-qualified nurses

remained in the host country, the less satisfied NESB
nurses were with the work environment, was completely
contrary to other studies that showed a positive correlation
between length of stay and job satisfaction ( Ea et al.
2008; Xu et al. 2008). The items were rated on a 7-point
Likert scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7
(strongly agree). ...

Job satisfaction of overseas-qualified nurses working in

Australian hospitals
Article Full-text available
Nov 2014 · INT NURS REV
Lily Dongxia Xiao · K. K. Timilsina Bhandari · Ingrid Belan

View Show abstract

... These include accepting less formal working

environments, differences in the involvement of families in
the care of patients, new norms regarding death and
dying, and the separation of religious beliefs from
professional discourse (Okougha & Tilki, 2010;Sherman &
Eggenberger, 2008;Xu et al., 2008). An important finding
across studies is that FENs who participate in formal
orientation programs or professional organizations tend to
be more acculturated ( Ea, Griffin, L'Eplattenier, &
Fitzpatrick, 2008; Hagey et al., 2001;Ma et al., 2010).
Additionally, these nurses experience higher commitment
to their organizations and are less likely to leave positions
in their host countries (Cheng & Liou, 2011). ...

... Despite numerous challenges that many FENs

encounter, there are some who are resilient, determined,
and confident (Xu et al., 2008). Their persistence affords
them increased self-esteem and work satisfaction (Larsen,
2007;Xu et al., 2008), self-reliance (Matiti & Taylor, 2005),
and a sense of belonging ( Ea et al., 2008 ). Additionally,
some FENs express excitement about new skills learned
and the opportunities for growth?professionally and
personally (Bland & Woolbridge, 2011). ...

Migration Experiences of Foreign Educated Nurses: A

Systematic Review of the Literature
Article Full-text available
Jan 2015 · J TRANSCULT NURS
Sally Moyce · Rebecca Lash · Mary Lou de Leon Siantz

View Show abstract

... Little research has been conducted to support

acculturation differences among Asian subgroups in the
U.S., although some indirect evidence suggests that there
was not much subgroup differ- ence when acculturation
was measured with language pref- erence [37].
Nevertheless, an acculturation study focusing on Filipino
American registered nurses measured acculturation with a
self-reported survey and found that Filipino nurses had
almost as high a level of acculturation as Americans [38] .
The implication is that other Asian ethnic groups might or
might not be comparable with Filipino Americans as far as
accul- turation level is concerned. ...

... However, when the Asian sub- groups were examined

separately, significant correlations between obesity and
acculturation were found for Viet- namese and for Filipino
(mostly) but in completely dif- ferent fashions. For
Filipinos, several findings are consistent with the
hypotheses in the present study, as well as with previous
research findings [38] . Three acculturation indicators
(i.e., number of years living in the U.S., the proportion of
life they spent in the U.S., and whether they speak English
at home) were significantly associated to obesity-related
variables. ...

The Effect of Acculturation on Obesity Among Foreign-Born

Asians Residing in the United States
Article Full-text available
Apr 2014
Hannah Nguyen · Charlotte Smith · Grace L Reynolds ·
Brenda Freshman

View Show abstract

... A phenomenological study conducted by Koh (2010)

showed that while Malaysian migrants prefer their
Malaysian identity, some like to perceive themselves as
Singaporeans and are willing to adopt Singaporean values
and characteristics. Many studies have shown that job
satisfaction is directly related to the work environments in
which the jobs are being performed ( Emerson et al.
2008 , Probst et al. 2010 ). This study identified a negative
correlation between job satisfaction and work
environment. ...

... This study also identified a relationship between lower

levels of job satisfaction and the use of nursing informatics
in the clinical area. This may have contributed to nurses'
levels of dissatisfaction, as nurses reported having to
learn how to use the new technology while trying to adapt
to a new work environment ( Emerson et al. 2008 , Ward
2013, Liu et al. 2015). Finally, this study identified two
predictors of migrant nurses' intentions to leave; that is,
the ability of nurse managers to lead a ward and the
practice environments. ...

Job satisfaction, work environment and intention to leave

among migrant nurses working in a publicly fund… hospital
hospital
Article
Oct 2016 · J Nurs Manag
Yong-Shian Goh · Violeta Lopez

View Show abstract

... Successful strategies to ease the transition of IENs into

the destination country and its health care system have
cluded: relocation to a country with similar health care and
ethnocultural practices and values, seeking out and
obtaining mentorship and peer support to facilitate
acculturation, and minimizing the embodiment of
discrimination by denying the centrality of race and
racism. Successful acculturation is positively correlated
with job satisfaction ( Emerson et al. 2008 ) and job
satisfaction is related closely to turnover intentions
(Bozionelos 2009). According to the findings of Bozionelos
(2009) in Saudi Arabia, a lack of cultural similarity was the
greatest predictor of intention to leave the destination
country. ...

... ª 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Journal of Nursing

Management, 2012, 20, 534-550 cluded: relocation to a
country with similar health care and ethnocultural
practices and values, seeking out and obtaining
mentorship and peer support to facilitate acculturation,
and minimizing the embodiment of discrimination by
denying the centrality of race and racism. Successful
acculturation is positively correlated with job satisfaction (
Emerson et al. 2008 ) and job satisfaction is related
closely to turnover intentions ( Bozionelos 2009).
According to the findings of Bozionelos (2009) in Saudi
Arabia, a lack of cultural similarity was the greatest
predictor of intention to leave the destination country. ...

The migration and transitioning experiences of

internationally educated nurses: A global perspective
Article Full-text available
May 2012 · J Nurs Manag
Stacey Newton · Jennifer Pillay · Gina M A Higginbottom

View Show abstract

... More recent studies examine job-related well-being as

a central part of the workers subjective well-being, and
refer to how the workers feel toward their jobs (Horn et al.,
2004;Warr, 2013). These subjective work perceptions are
receiving less attention from migration scholars ( Ea et
al., 2008) , although there is evidence that these
perceptions are linked to the immigrant's acculturation
process ( Au et al., 1998). In the current study we focus
on the individual's satisfaction from work-related
parameters. ...

Satisfied With Less? Mismatch Between Subjective and

Objective Position of Immigra… Women in the Labor Market
Women in the Labor Market
Article Full-text available
Nov 2018
Karin Amit · Svetlana Chachashvili-Bolotin

View Show abstract

... Moreover, the fact that over 50% of the respondents in

each group had been employed in the same organisation
for more than 3 years suggests a certain level of job
satisfaction linked to a positive work environment. This
view is supported by a study of Korean nurses in the USA,
which reported that the length of residency in the country
was positively correlated with greater job satisfaction ( Ea
et al, 2008 ).Nasrabadi (2007) andConte (2003)also
propose that being an immigrant healthcare worker can be
beneficial when caring for immigrant patients, although the
reasons for this are unclear. However, the first-generation
immigrants were less positive about equality with regard
to workload allocation, influence and respect. ...

Communication and equality in elderly care settings:

Perceptions of first- an… native Swedish healthcare workers
native Swedish healthcare workers
Article Full-text available
May 2014
Helen Olt · Maria Jirwe · Fredrik Saboonchi · Azita
Emami

View Show abstract

... This result was not surprising, however, because the

minimum entry-level requirement needed to work as a
professional in the Philippines is a baccalaureate degree
(Ea, Griffin, L'Eplattenier, & Fitzpatrick, 2008). In addition,
most Filipinos prioritize the value of higher education for
reasons of social and economic advancement (Rumbaut,
2005 ).The majority of the participants reported household
yearly incomes between $25,000 and $75,000, which is
also consistent with other recent studies among FAs ( Ea
et al., 2008; de Castro et al., 2008). Since Filipinos were
educated in English in the Philippines, many of the
immigrants were well versed in English language and
were able to enter the U.S. workforce with their degrees
and earn the incomes of professionals (Rumbaut, 2005;
see Table 2). ...

Dietary Acculturation and Predictors of Anthropometric

Indicators Among Filipino Americans
Article Full-text available
Jul 2013
Reimund Serafica · Susan Hayes Lane · Clementina D
Ceria-Ulep

View Show abstract

... This is especially statistically significant in the domain

of Nurses' Participation in Hospital affairs, and Nursing
Information Technology. This result is similar to that of a
study by Ea et al. (2008) , where international nurses
perceived that if they were given control over their
practice, receiving organizational support and facing fewer
issues with the use of information technology, they were
more likely to perceive that the organization was
conducive for the practice of professional nursing. It is
also interesting to note that the widespread use of nursing
informatics in hospitals is negatively correlated with
acculturation level of the international nurses. ...

Acculturation, Quality of Life and Work Environment of

International Nurses in a M… Sectional, Correlational Study
Sectional, Correlational Study
Article
Aug 2015 · APPL NURS RES
Yong-Shian Goh · Violeta Lopez

View Show abstract

... Similarly, the individual subscales in relation to age

were tested, while the probability values were higher than
0.170; it follows that there is no statistically significant
relation between the variables (Figure 1). Several studies
dealt with nurseságe and job satisfaction [5, 6, 7, 8, 9].
The European Nurses' Early Exit Study reads that
dissatisfaction with the profession, working conditions and
prospects is typical for nurses at the age of 30 to 40
years. ...

Analysis of selected demographic factors of nurses’ job

satisfaction in Slovakia
Article
Jun 2015
Mária Kožuchová · Marianna Marianna Magerčiaková · Anna
Vargová

View Show abstract

... The ASASFA has been used in other studies and has
an established Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.82–0.85
[17,18,23, 25] . ...

Dietary Acculturation among Filipino Americans

Article Full-text available
Dec 2015 · Int J Environ Res Publ Health
Persephone Vargas · Leo-Felix Jurado

View Show abstract

... Despite these challenges, qualitative studies of Asian

nurses working in the U.S. found high resiliency, pride in
their work, and a high level of job satisfaction (Xu et al.,
2008;Yi and Jezewski, 2000). A prior study also found that
a longer acculturation to the U.S. culture increased job
satisfaction among Asian nurses ( Ea et al., 2008 ). The
results of the current study do not provide evidence of a
significant difference in job satisfaction between White
and Hispanic nurses, which is consistent with the literature
(Kovner et al., 2006). ...

Racial and Ethnic Minority Nurses’ Job Satisfaction in the

U.S.
Article
Oct 2014 · INT J NURS STUD
Ying Xue

View Show abstract

... Working in an unfamiliar environment could directly

impact an individual's job satisfaction (Giusta and
Kambhampati, 2006). Even though job opportunities are
one of the primary motives for skilled migrants' decision to
migrate, little research has been conducted to explore
whether skilled migrants are satisfied with their jobs in the
new destination (Ahmed et al., 2013; Ea et al., 2008;
Itzhaki et al., 2013). Studies (Moyes et al., 2006;
Sabharwal, 2011; Sanchez and Brock, 1996) based on
ethnic minorities in the U.S and have revealed that
migrants are less satisfied with certain dimensions of their
jobs, such as income, training opportunities, opportunities
for career advancement, and relationships, and thus show
a low level of overall job satisfaction. ...

JOB SATISFACTION OF SRI LANKAN AND INDIAN SKILLED

MIGRANTS IN THE AUSTRALIAN WORKPLACE
Article Full-text available
Sep 2015
Asanka Gunasekara

View Show abstract

... Discrimination and racial harassment have a significant

negative impact on job satisfaction[47]. This effect may
diminish over time, as in one study Filipino nurses feel
more satisfied with their job due to prolonged acculturation
in the US [48] . Discrimination at workplace is also
associated with unhealthy behaviours such as smoking
and negative job outcomes like self-reported and
medically-certified sickness absence. ...

Health situation of migrant and minority nurses: A

systematic review
Article Full-text available
Jun 2017 · PLOS ONE
Benjamin Schilgen · Albert Nienhaus · Oriana
Handtke · Mike-Oliver Mösko

View Show abstract

... The scale has been used in several studies involving

Filipino immigrants. 1,4, 20, 21 The height and weight of
each participant were measured according to the Center
for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines. The waist
and the hip circumference of the participants were
measured twice, and the means were used in the
analyses. ...

Acculturation and Changes in Body Mass Index, Waist

Circumference, and Waist-H… Americans with Hypertension
Americans with Hypertension
Article Full-text available
Jul 2016
Alona D. Angosta · Reimund Serafica

View Show abstract

... Many researchers recognize the need to monitor job

satisfaction of nurses because nurses' dissatisfaction
could be disruptive to patient care delivery and reduce
healthcare organizational effectiveness (Cheung & Ching,
2014; Curtis, 2007; Djukic, Kovner, Budin, & Norman,
2010; Taunton et al., 2004). Also, job satisfaction has
been linked to different outcomes for the nurses, which
includes nurses' perceived ability to express caring
behaviours with patients (Amendolair, 2012 ), new
immigrant nurses' acculturation ( Ea, Griffin, L'Eplattenier,
& Fitzpatrick, 2008 ) and 'lower levels of job-stress,
burnout and career abandonment among nurses' (Foley,
Lee, Wilson, Cureton, & Canham, 2004, p. 94). Nurses job
satisfaction has also been associated with positive patient
outcomes, such as reduced patient falls (Alvarez &
Fitzpatrick, 2007 ). ...

Rasch analysis of Stamps's Index of Work Satisfaction in

nursing population
Article Full-text available
Jul 2016
Nora Ahmad · Nelson Oranye · Alyona Danilov

View Show abstract

... Return migrants often reap what they seeded after

going back to their homeland. For years, they worked in a
different country, with different socioeconomic levels,
mostly higher than their homeland [52] . Often than not,
they acquire critical skills that were not learned before,
polish the skills, and master them. ...

Eliciting Challenges on Social Connectedness among

Filipino Nurse Returnees: A Cross-Sectional Mix… Research
Research
Article Full-text available
Aug 2016
Mary Jane L. Cortez · Christian Verzosa Del Rosario ·
Michael Joseph S. Diño