SUPERSTRUCTURE

CONSTRUCTION
At the end of this topic, students should be able to:
1. List superstructure construction.
2. Describe the methods of superstructure
construction.
SUPERSTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION

• Superstructure – building parts

located above the ground level such
as column, beam, floor, wall and
roof.
• Materials - timber, steel and
concrete.
Frame Structure Construction

Timber
Frame

Floor Wall Roof

Frame Structure Construction
Reinforced
Concrete
Frame

Column
& Beam
Construction

Reinforced
Formwork Concrete Formwork
Steel Bar
Design Pouring stripping
Construction
A) Timber Floor
i) Floor
 Timber floor consist of plank
of wood with 25mm
thickness which is supported
by joist with size of 50mm x
75mm to 100mm.
 Distance for joist is between
300mm x 600mm from
centre to centre.
i) Floor
• Strutting – installed between joist.
• Purpose – to prevent the joist from twisting.
i) Floor
 All joist are arranged on timber beam.
 Timber beam should be bigger than timber joist.
A) Timber Frame
ii) Wall
 Pieces of planks are used to constructed a wooden wall by
nailing on timber wall structure.
A) Timber Frame
iii) Roof
 Factors that influenced roof structure design:
i. Span distance.
ii. Types of roof cover.
iii. Roof cover load and weather load.
iv. Cost.
v. Aesthetic value.
 Main characteristics of timber roof structure:
i. Enough strength to support the cover load and external load
such as rain and storm.
ii. All the frame parts consist o treated hard timber.
Types of roof structure from timber
B) Reinforced Concrete Frame
Column and beam construction

Concrete column formwork Concrete beam formwork

Beam is a part of a building which sustains load and transfer it to

column.
The column then transfer all its load to the building foundation.
 Procedures for column and beam construction
1. Formwork design

Formwork construction for Formwork construction for

concrete column concrete beam

Concrete formwork purpose is to place and form concrete mixture

according to prescribed size and design.
It is a temporary building structure which needs to be opened when
the concrete inside hardens
 Procedures for column and beam construction

2. Reinforcement steel bars installation

 Procedures for column and beam construction
3. Concrete pouring
 Procedures for column and beam construction

4. Formwork stripping
FORMWORK PART FORMWORK STRIPPING DURATION

Stripping side parts of beam and

2 – 6 DAYS
column formwork.

Stripping bottom parts, beam

7 – 14 DAYS
support and other unloading parts

Stripping bottom parts beam

28 DAYS
support and other loading parts
EXAMPLE OF FORMWORK STRIPPING
Load Bearing Wall Construction
Example of load bearing wall
Load bearing wall is constructed in
order to support load other than
its own.
Wall will support all loads before
transferring them to the
foundation.
The wall thickness is normally not
less than one brick or 215 mm.
This wall also uses reinforcement
steel bars or is combined with
column to strengthen its position.
Load Bearing Wall Construction
Non-load bearing wall is the wall
which does not support other load
except its own.
This wall is constructed on
building which has frames such as
column and concrete beam.
The wall thickness is sufficient
with only half a brick or 102.5 mm
and is normally constructed with a
stretcher bond.
Example of nonload bearing
wall