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METHOD
ELECTROMAGNETIC METHOD
• Depth Sounding:
In applying EM to depth sounding, one can either
vary the spacing between the transmitting lop and
the receiving coil or vary the frequency while
maintaining fixed positions of the transmitter and
the receiver. Varying the frequency is generally
preferred, as any change in the positions of the
surface units may introduce undesired effects.
Detection of conducting ore body under shallow overburden by electromagnetic
induction. Current flows through ground loop and search coils are moved along traverse
lines such as aa`, bb`, etc. Dashed lines show relative response of vertical search coil as
function of position along traverses.
HORIZONTAL PROFILING Most electromagnetic surveys
are carried out with the object of locating the horizontal
positions of buried conducting bodies rather than of
determining their depths. Both fixed and moving sources are
used in surveys conducted for this purpose. The fixed –
source methods are generally designed in such a way that the
transmitter is kept at a single location and the receiving loop
is moved over the area being explored. The moving source
method involves shifting both source and receiver, usually in
a way that maintains a fixed separation between the two.
DIP ANGLE METHOD In this method the source loop is in
the vertical plane, and the receiving loop is linked to an
inclinometer which is used to measure the angle with the
horizontal of the plane in which it lies when the voltage
induced in it is a maximum. The azimuth for minimum
response of the receiving loop when it is vertical is first
measured (see figure). This technique can be used either with
a fixed-source or a moving source configuration. Dip angle
measurements when properly interpreted can yield
information on horizontal location, strike, dip, depth, length,
and conductivity of a buried conducting sheet.
Configuration of transmitting and receiving coils for the vertical-loop or dip-angle
method of electromagnetic surveying. Measurement is made in two stages as shown.
AIRBORNE ELECTROMAGNETIC PROSPECTING