ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING DEPARTEMNT

BIRLA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

MESRA, RANCHI
th
5 sem (EEE) Electric power transmission and distrubution

1. What are the main components of a power system? Explain the power system structure using a single line diagram along
with various voltage levels.
2. What is the effect of transmission line voltage on line performance? Derive any formula a required to show the
relationship between amount of conductor material voltage and power factor .what are the problem related to the
increase of system voltage level.
3. Prove that the power handling capacity is directly proportional to transmission voltage.
4. Give a comparison between AC and DC transmission of power and that between 1-phase and 3-phase AC system.
5. Prove that the % power loss is get reduced with the increment of transmission voltage level.
6. Why A.C. resistance is higher then dc resistance. Derive the process of determine of resistance at different frequency.
7. What is importance of load factor and diversity factor? How will you improve the diversity factor of power station?
8. A consumer has maximum demand of 500mw at 65 % load factor .if the tariff is 20 Rs per kw of maximum demand plus
1 paise per kwh, find the overall cost per kwh?
9. A factory has a maximum load of 300kw at 0.72 pf lagging with an annual consumption of 40000units. The tariff in
force is Rs 4.5 per kva of maximum demand plus 2 paise per unit calculate flat rate of energy consumption .what will be
the annual saving if pf raised to unity?
10. Why the tariff for power load is less than the lightening load ?What is the importance of power factor tariff? Describe
some of the important type of tariff commonly used?
11. A supply company offers the following alternative tariffs:
(i) standing charges of rupees 75 per annum plus 3 paise/kwh.
(ii) first 300 kwh at 20 paise/kwh and additional energy at 5 paise/kwh.
If the annual consumption is 1800 kwh, which tariff is more economical and by how much?
12. A generating station has the following daily load cycle:
Time (hours)0-6 6-10 10-12 12-16 16-20 20-24
Load (mw) 40 50 60 50 70 40
Draw the load curve and final (i) maximum demand (ii) units generated per day (iii) average load and (iv) load factor?
13. The yearly load duration curve of a certain power system can be approximated as a straight line; the maximum and
minimum loads being 80 & 40 MW respectively. To meet this load three turbine generator units, two rated at 20 MW
each and one at 10 MW are installed. Determine (i) installed capacity (ii) plant factor (iii) kwh output per year and (iv)
load factor.
14. A 100 MW power station delivers 100 MW for 2 hrs. 50 MW for 8 hrs. and is shutdown for the rest of each day. It is
also shutdown for maintenance for 60 days each year. Calculate its annual load factor?
15. A generating station supplies the following loads: 15000 kw, 12000 kw, 8500 kw, 6000 kw, 450 kw. The station has a
maximum demand of 22000 kw. The annual load factor of station is 48%. Calculate (i) the number of units supplied
annually (ii) diversity factor, (iii) demand factor.
16. Discuss the advantage of interconnected grid system. What are the effects of variable load on operation of power station?
17. Write short notes on following: (i) load division on hydro steam system, (ii) base load and peak load, (iii) plant reserve
capacity, (iv) load duration curve.
18. Calculate annual bill of consumer whose maximum demand is 100 kw, pf is 0.8 lagging and load factor is 60%. The
tariff used is Rs. 75 per kva of maximum demand plus 15 paise per kwh consumed.
19. The tariff in force is Rs. 150 per kva of maximum demand and 8 paise per unit consumed. If the load factor is 30%, find
out overall coast per unit at (i) unity power factor (ii) 0.75 power factor.
20. Write short note on following: Two part tariff; Three part tariff; Sliding scale tariff; Maximum demand tariff; Block rate
tariff.
21. A supply company offers the following alternate two tariffs;
(i) standing charges of Rs. 75 per annum plus 3 paise per kwh.
(ii) first 300 kwh at 20 paise per kwh; and additional energy 5 paise per kwh.
If the annual consumption is 1800 kwh, which tariff is more economical and by how much?
22. What are the main components of power system. Explain the power system structure using a single line diagram along
with various voltage levels.
23. Obtain a two part tariff for the consumers of an electricity utility which generates 390 million units per annum and has a
maximum demand of 130 MW. The cost distribution is as follows: fuel=Rs. 5 million, generation = Rs. 2.4 million,
Transmission = Rs. 5 million, Distribution expenses = Rs.3.4 million. Out of these items 90%, 10%, 5% and 7%
respectively are allocated to running coast. The remainder being fixed charge, the total energy loss (transmission +
distribution) being 39 million, find the percentage saving in overall coast per unit if the plant load factor is raised to 40%
for the same maximum demand.
24. From the load duration curve, the following data are available. The maximum demand on system is 30 MW. The load is
supplied by two units, one of 20 MW and other of 15 MW. Unit no. 1 acts as base load unit and no.2 as peak load unit.
The base load unit work for 100% of time and peak load unit only for 15% of the time. The energy generated by the unit
is 1.2 x 10 units and that by unit no.2 is 1.1 x 10 unit. Determine the load factor, plant capacity factor, and plant use
factor of each plant.
25. A generating station has maximum demand of 20 MW, a load factor 60% a plant capacity factor of 48 % and plant use
factor of 80%. Find
(a) daily energy produced, (b) reserve capacity of plant, (c) the maximum energy that could be produced as per operating
schedule,.
26. How load factor and diversity factor are inter-related? Why cost of electrical energy is high on low power factors, also
define average load, maximum load and load loss factor.
27. Derive an expression for the inductance of a symmetrical three - phase line .what is meant by the term equivalent
spacing ?state its significance.
28. What is meant by the term transposition? Mention its advantage and drawbacks.
29. Derive an expression for the inductance of a double circuit, three-phase line whose conductors are situated at the corners
of a regular hexagon .
30. Derive expression for the line-to-line capacitance and line-to-neutral capacitance of a single –phase line.
31. What is the effect of earth on line capacitance? Explain the method of images to calculate the capacitance of (a) two-wire
single phase line (b) single -circuit three-phase transposed line.
32. Compare the annual cost of supplying a factory load having a maximum demand of 1 MW and a load factor of 50% by
energy obtained from (i) a private oil engine generating plant and (ii) public supply.
(i) Private oil engine generating unit
Capital cost = Rs 12*105;cost of reapir and maintance = Rs 0.005 per kWh generated
Cost of fual = Rs 1600 per 1000Kg , interest and depreciation = 10%per annum
Fual consumption =0.3 kg/kWh generated ,wages = Rs 50000 per annum.
(ii) Public supply company Rs 150 per kW maximum demand plus 15 paise per kWh.
33. A power station having a maximum demand of 100 MW has a load factor of 30% and is to be supplied by one of the
following schemes:
i) A steam station in conjunction with a hydro-electric station the latter supplying 100 *1006 Kwh per annum with a
maximum output of 40 MW.
ii) A steam station capable of supplying the whole load .
iii) A hydro-station capable of supplying the whole load.
Compare the overall cost per kwh generated, assuming the following data:
Steam hydro
a)capital cost/Kw installed Rs 1250 Rs 2500
b)interest and depreciation on capital 12% 10%
investment
c) operating cost/kwh 5 paise 1.5paise
d) Transmission cost/Kwh negligible 0.2paise

34. The load duration curve of a system for the whole year 8760 hours in as shown in fig (a) the system supplied by two
station A and B having the following annual cost:
station A = Rs (75000+80*Kw+0.02*kwh)
station B = Rs (50000+50*Kw+0.03*kwh)
Determine the installed capacity required for each station and for how many hours per year peak load station should be
operated to give the maximum cost per unit generated.

35. The monthly reading of a consumer’s meter are as follows

Maximum demand = 50 kw
Energy consumed =36000kwh
Reactive energy = 23400 kVAR
If the tariff is Rs 80 per kW of maximum demand plus 8 paise per unit plus 0.5 paise per unit for each 1% of power
factor below 86%, calculate the monthly bill of consumer.

36. The tariff in force is Rs 150 per kVA of maximum demand and 8 paise per unit consumed. If the load factor is 30%, find
the overall cost per unit at (i) unity p.f. and (ii) 0.7 p.f.

37. Two system of tariff are available for a factory working 8 hour a day for 300 working days in a year.

(i) High- voltage supply at 5 paise per unit plus Rs 4.50 per month per kVA of maximum demand.
(ii) Low-voltage supply at 5 paise per month per kVA of maximum demand plus 5.5 paise per unit.

The factory has an average load of 200 kW at 0.8 pf and a maximum demand of 250 kW at the same p.f. the high voltage
equipment costs Rs 50 per kVA and the losses can be taken as 4% . interest and depreciation are 12% . calculate the
difference in the annual costs between the two system.

38. Derive the inductance and capacitance of single phase and 3-phase (transposed and untransposed) line
39. Mention the advantages of bundle conductor.
40. Why inductance is lower but capacitance is higher in bundle conductor in comparison to single line transmission.
41. Drive expression inductance and capacitance for 3 phase double circuit line.
42. A 765 kv single circuit line has four sub-conductor per phase , each sub-conductor having a diameter of 26.88mm.
spacing between sib-conductor is 45 cm , interphase spacing is 15,25 cm. the configuration is horizontal . find
inductance per phase per km.

43. A 3-phase 132kv, 50 hz overhead line has ACSR conductor of equivalent copper area 1.5cm 2 and effective die meter
39.8mm, spaced equilaterally 8m apart (a) find line parameter ,(b) find charing current and charging MVA. Resistivity of
copper is 1.73x10-6ohm-cm.

44. Each conductor of the bundled –conductor line shown in fig. is ACSR , 1272000-cmil Pheasant . find the inductive
reactance in ohms per km (and per mile) per phase for d= 45cm . also find the per –unit series reactance of the line if its
length is 160km and base is 100 MVA ,345 kv. where ds=0.0466 ft.

45. Six conductor of ASCR drake constitute circuit 60-hz double circuit 3-phase line arranged as is fig .the vertical spacing,
how ever,is 14ft the longer horizontal distance is 32ft; and the shorter horizontal distance are 25ft . find the inductance
per phase per mile and the inductive reactance in ohms per mile.

46. Calculate the capacitance to neutral per km of a single phase line conductor of no.2 single strand conductor(radius=
0.328 cm) spaced 3m apart and 7.5 m above ground. Compare the result by neglecting the effect of earth.

47. A 3 phase 60-hz line has flat horizontal spacing .the conductor have an outside diameter of 3.28cm with 12 cm between
conductor. Determine the capacitance reactance to neutral in ohms –meter and the capacitance reactance of the line in
ohms if its length is 125 mi.

48. Calculate the capacitance reactance in ohms-km of a bundle 60-hz 3phase line having 3ASCR rail conductor per
bundle with 45cm between conductor of the bundle .the spacing between bundle center is 9,9,18m.

49. A single conductor power cable has a conductor of no.2 solid copper ( r= 0.328). paper insulation separating the
conductor from the concentric lead sheath has a thickness of the lead sheath is 2mm. find the capacitive reactance per
km between the inner conductor and the lead sheath.

50. A 3 phase circuit line consist of 7/4.75 mm hard drawn copper conductor . the arrangement of the conductor is shown
fig. the line is completely transposed calculate the inductive reactance per phase per km of the system.
51. A twin conductor circuit of a 3 phase 50 hz line with horizontal spacing of 6m. each conductor of the bundle has a
diameter of the 25 mm and spacing between the sub conductor is 0.3 m . each phase shares the total current and charge
equally and the line is completely transposed .determine the line inductance per km and the line inductive reactance per

phase per km. .

52. A tow conductor, single phase line operates at 50 Hz. The diameter of each conductor is 2 cm and are spaced 3m spaced
apart. Calculate (a) the capacitance of each conductor to neutral per km (b) Line –to-line capacitance, (c) capacitance
susceptance to neutral per km.

53. A quadruple-conductor circuit 3 phase, 50hz line with a horizontal spacing of 20m. Each sub conductor of the bundle
has a diameter of 40mm and spacing between the subs conductors is 0.5m. Each phase group shares total current and
charge equally and the line is completely. Determine the inductive reactance and capacitance reactance per phase per km
of the line.

54. A multi-conductor single phase line has 3 conductor each of diameter 40mm for return circuit .find the inductance on

each side of the and the total inductance of the line.

55. At the 3 phase double circuit has conductor located a corner of a hexagon has a diameter of 31.77mm. The line is
completely transposed. Find (a) the inductive reactance per phase per km of the line (b) the capacitance reactance to
neutral per km of the line.
56. A single core cable 5km long has an insulation resistance of 0.4MΩ. The core diameter is 20mm and the diameter of the
cable over the insulation is 50mm. calculate the resistivity of the insulation martial.

57. The insulation resistance of a single –core cable is 495 MΩ per km . if the core diameter is 2.5cm and resistivity of
insulation is 4.5x1014 Ω-cm. find the insulation thickness.

58. A single core lead sheathed cable has a conductor diameter of 3m,the diameter of the cable being 9m.the cable graded by
using 2 dielectrics of relative permittivity 5 and 4 respectively with corresponding safe working stresses of 30kv/cm and
20kv/cm. calculate the radial thickness of each insulation and the safe working of the cable .

59. A single core cable of conductor diameter 2cm and lead sheath of diameter 5.3cm is to be used on a 66kv, 3-phase
system. 2 inter sheaths of diameter 3.1cm and 4.2 cm are introduced between the core and lead sheath. If the maximum
stress in the layers in the same. Find the voltage on the inter sheath.

60. Compare between underground and overhead cable.

61. Discuss on different parts of underground cable.

62. Discuss briefly on insulating materials used for underground cable.

63. Derive expression of insulation resistance, capacitance of the single core cable.

64. How most economical conductor size for single core cable is chosen?

65. Discus different methods for capacitance grading.

66. Mention the measurement technique for capacitance of 3 core cable.