University Institute Of Technology, Burdwan

The University of Burdwan

MODELLING, DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT

CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURES USING SAP2000
& ETABS SOFTWARE
A Project Report Submitted
In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements
For the Degree of

Bachelor of Engineering
In Civil Engineering
Group Member Name

Suryadip Kumar Singh (Roll: 20165027)

Kriti Kumar Das (Roll: 20165010)
Deepak Kumar (Roll: 20165029)
Furquan Aftab Khan (Roll: 20165023)
Subhojit Das (Roll: 20165053)
Samir Mandal (Roll: 20165036)
Atul Kumar Singh (Roll: 20165041)
Ujjawal Kumar Soni (Roll: 20165041)
Nibedita Ghosh (Roll: L20175082)
Gautam Kumar (Roll: 20165042)
Ajij Rahaman Sekh (Roll: 20165073)
 Under the Guidelines of
Professor Soumen Roy

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, BURDWAN
(JANUARY, 2020)
 Contents

Part: 01 Analysis and Modelling of Multi-Storey Building by Using ETABS

1. Introduction
2. Methodology Involved During the Modelling Process

Part: 02 Modelling, Design and Analysis of Different Civil Engineering Structures Using
Sap2000 Software
1. Introduction
2. Modelling of Curved Roof Truss
3. Analysis of Residential Building by Using Sap2000
4. Design of Transmission Tower
5. Design of A Non-Prismatic Section Using Sap2000
6. Design of Elevated Water Tank
 Why should we use the software?
India is a developing country; huge construction projects are yet to come as
undeveloped cities are needed to develop since so many years. In current
century, many construction projects all over the world are going, time delay
takes place which in turn affects the growth of the construction of huge
projects. To avoid time delay and thereby the growth, economic construction
methodology should be adopted.

Calculation for a high-rise construction & for all big projects manually, will
take extra time in addition to human individual errors possibly will be occurred.
Consequently, it’s vital to use different software like ETABS (Extended Three-
Dimensional Analysis of Building Systems) SAP2000 and Revit will make it
easy.
 PART1
ANALYSIS AND MODELLING OF MULTI-STOREY
BUILDING BY USING ETABS
 INTRODUCTION

ETABS stands for Extended Three-dimensional Analysis of Building

Systems. It is an engineering software product that caters to multi-story
building analysis and design. Modelling tools and templates, code-based load
prescriptions, analysis methods and solution techniques, all coordinate with
the grid-like geometry unique to this class of structure. Basic or advanced
systems under static or dynamic conditions may be evaluated using ETABS.

Generally, ETABS is used for the analysis of concrete shear walls and
concrete moment frames. Once we are able to limit the drift, we can output
the forces from ETABS into a spreadsheet for design. It offers a single user
interface to perform: Modelling, Analysis, Design, Detailing, and Reporting.
METHODOLOGY INVOLVED DURING THE MODELLING
PROCESS
Steps:

1. Open ETAB software, click on file & select new model

2. Select base units and design code
3. Set up grids and story data according to the plan
4. Define Material properties
5. Define section properties
6. Modelling of structure
7. Assign loads like dead load, live load, wind load, earthquake load. Also define
dead and live load
8. Form the load combinations
9. Do the Analysis and model check
Resulting Figure:
Axial Force Diagram
Bending Moment Diagram
 PART2
MODELLING, DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT
CIVIL ENGINEERING STRUCTURES USING SAP2000
SOFTWARE
 1. INTRODUCTION

SAP2000 stands for STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PROGRAMMING.

SAP2000 is commonly used to analyze concrete structures, steel
structures, parking garages, skyscrapers, low and high raise buildings, and
portal frame design of multi-storey R.C.C residential building.

Modeling of R.C.C. framed building is done by using the SAP2000

software for analysis. Post analysis of the structure, maximum shear
forces, bending moments, and maximum member displacement are
computed. The structural elements are designed manually by using IS-456
& SP-16.
The SAP name has been synonymous with state- of-the-art analytical
methods since its introduction over 30 years ago. SAP2000 follows in the
same tradition featuring a very sophisticated, intuitive and versatile user
interface powered by an unmatched analysis engine and design tools for
engineers working on transportation, industrial, public works, sports, and
other facilities.

It is a general-purpose civil-engineering software ideal for the analysis and

design of any type of structural system. Basic and advanced systems,
ranging from 2D to 3D, of simple geometry to complex, may be modelled,
analysed, designed, and optimized using a practical and intuitive object-
based modelling environment that simplifies and streamlines the engineering
process
2. DESIGN OF CURVED ROOF TRUSS USING SAP2000
 INTRODUCTION

In industrial factories, warehouses and auditoriums, we need open unobstructed

space to place or move big items. In order to do that, we have to remove columns
to provide clear space. For RCC slab with large area unsupported by a column in
between will require a large depth satisfied deflection criterion and hence, it
becomes highly uneconomical to construct RCC slab whereas steel roof trusses
are light economical and can handle large length being unsupported. This is why
they are used
Advantages of Metal Roof Truss Structures
1. Even though they are considered to be more expensive, metal roof trusses can
span further than wood.
2. Metal roof trusses can be manufactured to exact standards.
3. They are much more lightweight and this allows for larger shipments. This
reduces the time it takes to get to the project site.
4. Metal roof trusses are fire resistant.
5. They are compatible with almost all types of roofing systems.
6. No insect infestations can occur.
7. Chemical treatments are not necessary to maintain the trusses.
8. Metal roof trusses are recyclable and therefore environmentally friendly
Different types of Wooden and
Steel Roof Trusses:

1.King Post Truss

2.Queen Post Truss
3.Howe Truss
4.Pratt Truss
5.Fan Truss
6.North Light Roof Truss
7.Quadrangular Roof Truss
WHY STEEL ROOF?
• Wood trusses are less expensive truss per truss but they require you to
install wood headers, the posts have to be closer together and you have
more trusses to install.
• You generally have to protect the wood from the weather.

• Prefabricated steel trusses offer a high-strength, light-weight roof system

that can be installed quickly.
• In residential construction, wood trusses still dominate the industry,
where additional strength is needed, or where greater free spans are
required Steel roofs are preferred.
 MODELLING OF CURVED ROOF TRUSS
Dimensions
PROCEDURE (STEPS):

1. Draw new model with default unit kilo newton ( kN), metre (m), and degree Celsius
(C) with Global system of coordinate in Cartesian system.

2. Make the grid spacing as per the drawing.

3. Draw Special Joint.

4. Define Properties of Frame Section & Add New Property.

5. Select Node. Click on Edit>Extrude>Extrude Points to The Frames/Cables.

6. Select the extruded object (chord) so formed after clicking on Set Select Mode from
toolbars & Replicate it from tool bars using suitable increment.
7. Connect the point in a zig-zag fashion from both the chord after gaping one point in
both the chord after selecting suitable section.

8. Rotate the 3D view of the structure and select the later chord formed along with the
connecting steel pipe & replicate it.

9. Rotate & Connect the point from top parallelly in a zig-zag fashion after gaping one
point in both the chord.

10. Select the entire chord assembly. Replicate it in Linear fashion after picking two
points.
11. Select column & replicate it after picking two Points on Window.
12. Assign Fixed support condition. Apply Load.
13. Run Analysis.
Resulting Figure
Reaction Force:
Axial Force:
Shear Force
Bending Moment
3. ANALYSIS OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING BY USING SAP-2000
BUILDING DETAILS

• Floor to floor height= 3.0 m

• Base to ground floor height = 2.0 m
• Size of building = 26.0 m * 19.0 m
• Over all height of the building = 23.0 m
• Shape of the building = regular
• S.B.C of soil considered =180 kN/m2
• Type of building = Residential building
• Minimum clear width of stair = 1.5 m
 3.1. Modeling using SAP-2000

1. Open new model, select units as KN-m & set up the grid data & storey height as well as per
the plan.
2. Define menu > Material Properties.
3. Define section columns and beams using Define > Frame section properties.
4. Define wall/slab/deck.
5. To define a slab as membrane element and one way slab; define using special one way load
distribution.
6. Generate the model. Draw beam using Create Line Command and draw column using Create
Column command.
7. Assign Fixed support condition.
8. Apply load & run analysis.
BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
Axial Force Diagram
Shear Force Diagram
4. DESIGN OF TRANSMISSION TOWER
 Procedure:

1. Open new model. Select unit & set the dimensions.

2. Import new property after clicking on chords. Select L section property type & Double
click on L angle. Select the Indian.pro menu & open.
3. Pick the dimension of steel (ISA30X30X5). Draw the parallel and diagonal lines.
4. Divide frame. Select the end node & extrude point to line using extrude command.
5. select brace & replicate the entire structure by doing increment in Y direction.
6. Go to cable geometry and select cable type maximum vertical sag and set the deformed
of maximum vertical sag.
7. Repeat the process & join the cable.
8. Go to define command and define load pattern.
9. Run analysis.
Resulting Figure:
5. DESIGN OF A NON PRISMATIC SECTION
Procedure:

1. Select XZ plane. Take the required Material.

2. Go to Frame insertion point & select mirror about local 2 axis. Select co-ordinate axis as
local. Replicate the basic structure.

4. Extrude point to line & do the suitable increment after selecting required property.

5. Define a channel section, give a section name & required depth & width.

6. Define all the Load Patterns. Assign Dead, Wind and Live Load.

7.Assign Joint Restraints as fixed support.

8. Assign property. Assign load & run analysis.

Resulting Figure
6. Design of Elevated Water Tank
 6.1. INTRODUCTION

A water tower is an elevated structure supporting a water tank constructed at a height

sufficient to pressurize a water supply system for the distribution of potable water, and
to provide emergency storage for fire protection.

Storage reservoirs and overhead tank are used to store water, liquid petroleum,
petroleum products and similar liquids. The force analysis of the reservoirs or tanks is
about the same irrespective of the chemical nature of the product. All tanks are
designed as crack free structures to eliminate any leakage. Water or raw petroleum
retaining slab and walls can be of reinforced concrete with adequate cover to the
reinforcement. Water and petroleum and react with concrete and, therefore, no special
treatment to the surface is required. Industrial wastes can also be collected and
processed in concrete tanks with few exceptions.
 6.2. Theory

The codes that are used for water tank design is IS: 3370 2009.

Working stress method is adopted as it does not account for the variation of loads and the
design is mostly conservative. Water tanks are more vulnerable. As the water level in the
tank is incessantly varying, there is a continuous variation in the pressure inside.

In water retaining structure, a dense impermeable concrete is required. Therefore,

proportion of fine and coarse aggregates to cement should be such as to give high quality
concrete.
Concrete mix weaker than M20 is not used. The minimum quantity of cement in the
concrete mix shall be not less than 30 k N/m3.

The design of the concrete mix shall be such that the resultant concrete is sufficiently
impervious. Efficient compaction preferably by vibration is essential. All joints should be
made water-tight as these are potential sources of leakage.
 6.3. Modelling of Elevated water tank

Procedure ( Steps in brief ):

1. Open new model, choose standard units.
2. Select the required plane, grid line & it’s spacing.
3. Define all the properties.
4. Choose a point in XZ plane & join it with another selected point in XZ plane after
selecting proper section.
5. Draw Special Joint at appropriate places & join it in a fashion so that it becomes
convenient to extrude it to form a tank of given dimension.
6. Move the line so formed at appropriate distance.
7. Select only the top 4 lines & extrude the line to area in radial direction.

8. Select the beam line & extrude line to area along radial after selecting proper property.

9. Select column & replicate it along radial.

10. Select all column & divide at intersection with visible grid planes.

11. Select the middle three point of any column & extrude point to frame cable using a suitable
property

12. Rotate and bring bottom 3d view. select a point and an adjacent beam & extrude point to
frame use suitable property.

13. Assign joint restraints as fixed support to column.

14. Assign load & run analysis.

Resulting Figure
Variation of Pressure
Axial Force
Shear Force
Bending Moment Diagram
 CONCLUSION

Storage of water in the form of tanks for drinking and washing purposes,
swimming pools for exercise and enjoyment, and sewage sedimentation tanks are
gaining increasing importance in the present day life.

Design of water tank is a very tedious method. Particularly design of under ground
water tank involves lots of mathematical formulae and calculation. It is also time
consuming. Thus, finite element method using SAP2000 comes to our rescue
which again has it’s own advantages and disadvantages.
Any Query
Thank You!

Nomoskār