UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, Alhamdulillah, praise to Allah SWT for giving us opportunity to finally
complete our group assignment for Networking and Telecommunication Systems (ASM551) in a
well health. With the spirit of teamwork among all the group mates, we managed to handle this
project without any serious problems. We hope this assignment can be guideline to encourage
our effort for becoming succeeded in this working field.

Secondly, we would like to thank to our lecturer, Madam Zarirah Binti Zamakhsari for
being so helpful give knowledge to assist us in finish our assignment as well and give moral
support toward us. We also sincerely thank to Sir Ahmad Riedhaudden Bin Razak, Chief
Assistant Technology Information of Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) that helping us in
giving information about their organization until our report can be done completely and
successful.

Thirdly, we would like to thank to our family for their support in vary way and no matter
what we do. They also helps us a lot of such as providing us with necessary financial to make
this assignment a success project.

Last but not least, we would like to thank to all group members which are Farah Nor
Liyana binti Mazelan, Zahirah Amira binti Mohd Zarawi, Nurul Syakira binti Mahammad, Siti
Fahirah binti A Rosli and Wan Nur Amirah binti W. Ibrahim that had always been dedicated and
this assignment cannot be completed without the effort and co-operation from group members.

1|Page
 UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

2.0 INTRODUCTION OF ORGANIZATION PROFIL

2.1 HISTORY OF UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu began as Universiti Pertanian Malaysia’s

Centre for Fisheries and Marine Science, located at Mengabang Telipot, Kuala
Terengganu. It provided facilities for both students and lecturers from the Fisheries
and Marine Science programmed to conduct their practical sessions and also
research.

Eventually, the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science of Universiti

Pertanian Malaysia (UPM) in Serdang was transferred to Kuala Terengganu, and the
Centre transformed into a branch campus, being renamed Universiti Pertanian
Malaysia Terengganu (UPMT) in June 1996. The name of the faculty was also
changed to the Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology. Also formed were the
Faculty of Science and Professional Literature and the Matriculation Centre.

Later on, the Cabinet of Malaysia had approved the establishment of

Terengganu University College (KUT) on 5 May 1999 as an associate campus of
UPM. Then Terengganu University College was given autonomy on 1 May 2001 and
was renamed the Malaysian Science and Technology University College (KUSTEM)
on 20 June 2001.

On 1 February 2007, KUSTEM was given the status of a full-fledged university, and
with that elevation, it was renamed again and remain to this very day as Universiti
Malaysia Terengganu.

2|Page
 UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

2.2 COMPANY BACKGROUND

The Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), formerly known as Kolej Universiti

Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia (University College of Science and Technology Malaysia)
or KUSTEM, in Malaysia, was officially chartered on 1 February 2007. UMT is located in
Mengabang Telipot, Kuala Terengganu and located along the South China Sea in Kuala
Terengganu and not far from Lake Kenyir, the largest man-made lake in South-east Asia. Its
strategic location makes UMT among the top public universities in a number of specialized fields
such as oceanography and marine science. A peaceful environment, experienced staff and a
friendly community makes UMT an institution that is conducive in teaching and learning.

In the aspect of research, UMT has been and continues to strive for excellence in the
fields of sciences, technology, and management of natural resources. UMT also expands its
opportunities, scope and research activities in maritime studies, economics, management, basic
sciences, physical sciences, engineering and computing. Achievements and awards received by
senior researchers at various exhibitions and research competitions at national and international
levels is proof that these fields of studies were recognized. The slogan of UMT, Ocean of
Discoveries definitely describes that UMT’s efforts in innovation meet the aspirations of the
nation.

3|Page
 UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

 UMT PHILOSOPHY
- Knowledge And Practice Based On The Faith In God Is The Philosophy Of The
University, When Moulding Credible Human Capital For The Benefit Of Mankind.

 VISION
- To be an institution that generates, disseminates and applies innovative knowledge,
and be a catalyst for the development of progressive individuals and a sustainable
environment.

 MISSION
- To drive the fields of science, technology and management of natural resource via the
generation of excellent academic and research programmes towards the development of
individuals who ensure the sustainability of religion, race and the nation.

 OBJECTIVES
1. Explores all areas related to Science, Technology and Natural Resource
Management through research.
2. Provides the latest facilities (laboratories, libraries, computing and environment) to
support the development of knowledge, learning and scholarship.
3. Offers excellent programmes of study that meet current and future needs. Produces
graduates who are responsible, knowledgeable, confident and competent.
4. Plays an active role in the development of social, economic and education through
the expansion services specifically to the local community of the East Coast
Peninsular and to the Malaysians, in general.

4|Page
ORGANIZATION CHART OF UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA TERENGGANU

5|Page
6|Page
3.0 TYPES OF NETWORK

The type of internet used at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) is Metro

Ethernet (Metro E). The capacity of internet at UMT is 1000 mbps (megabyte per
second) or 1 gbps (gigabyte per second) from Telekom Malaysia (TM) and 20 mbps from
Malaysian Research Education Network (MyREN). MyREN that have launched in 2005
under Ministry of Education (MoE) and other society enables high speed dedicated
connectivity to the education sector while expanding research capability in Malaysia.
Metro Ethernet can connect business local area networks (LANs) and individual end
users to a wide area networks (WANs) or to the Internet. Corporations, academic
institutions and government agencies in large cities use Metro Ethernet to connect
branch campuses or offices to an intranet. A typical Metro Ethernet system has a star
network or mesh network topology with individual routers or servers interconnected
through cable or fiber optic media.

Metro-E is a cost effective and flexible service that allows user to upgrade to a
higher bandwidth without incurring the costs of setting up new equipments or additional
training, this technology helps eliminate barriers to efficiency, speed and performance by
simplying networks and connecting people more efficiently based on the Carrier Class
Ethernet industry standards. Another benefits of using Metro Ethernet are high
scalability, simple technology, enables business continuity and disaster recovery,
enables video conferencing and collaboration, future proof technology, and others.

So, there are two types of network used at UMT which are local are network
(LAN) and wide area network (WAN). A set of computers that are connected and able to
exchange data is defined as computer network. The computer networks are available
for use by stakeholders consisting of UMT citizens (students and staff) and users
(outsiders). These network facilities are very important because it is widely used in the
UMT to connect all the departments, laboratories and branch offices. The numerous
benefit of using computer network at UMT is for file sharing, internet sharing, resource
sharing, data sharing and security.

7|Page
 LAN is a group of computers and associated devices that share a common
communications line or wireless link to a server. The defining characteristics of LANs, is
contra to wide area networks (WANs), as LAN cover smaller geographic area, and non-
inclusion of leased telecommunication lines. One of the major advantages with LANs is
the speeds they can reach. The coverage of LAN in UMT covers across all areas of the
campus. The estimate of connection point at UMT is about 8000 node. In a network, a
node is a connection point, either a redistribution point or an end point for data
transmissions.

Typically, LAN encompasses computers and hardware connected to a server

within a small geographic area such as an office building for example at UMT within
Chancellery building and Digital Learning Center Sultanah Nur Zahirah building. For the
typical office environment, a LAN is usually set up to allow data exchange and resource
sharing such as files, printers, fax modem, scanner, and Internet broadband access
between computers. There are other benefits of using LAN besides of the speeds which
are Increase employee productivity, operational costs can be reduced and storage
efficiency improved by integrating services instead of relying on separate technologies.

A WAN is a geographically dispersed telecommunications network. The term

distinguishes a broader telecommunication structure from a local area network (LAN).
Business and government entities use WANs to relay data among employees, clients,
buyers, and suppliers from various geographical locations. In essence, this mode of
telecommunication allows a business to effectively carry out its daily function regardless
of location. WANs are used to connect LANs and other types of networks together, so
that users and computers in one location can communicate with users and computers in
other locations. UMT used WAN to connect within branch offices at Cyberjaya,
Putrajaya, Bukit Kor Marang and Tasik Kenyir using router.

4.0 NETWORK COMPONENTS

8|Page
 Networking hardware refers to equipment facilitating the use of a computer network. At
UMT, they use networking hardware brand CISCO. Cisco Systems, Inc. is an American
multinational technology company headquartered in San Jose, California that functions to
designs, manufactures, and sells networking equipment.

4.1 Router
Router is the first device to be connected to network equipment from the outside.
The routers determine where to send information from one computer to another.
Routers are specialized equipment that sends messages and those of every
other Internet user speeding to their destinations along thousands of pathways. A
router has two separate, but related, jobs: it ensures that information doesn't go
where it's not needed and it makes sure that information does make it to the
intended destination.

A router is device that forwards data packets along networks. It is connected to at

least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN. For example, UMT
Kuala Terengganu within branch office at UMT Cyberjaya. Routers are located at
gateways, the places where two or more networks connect, and are the critical
device that keeps data flowing between networks and keeps the networks
connected to the internet.

When data is sent between locations on one network or from one network to a
second network the data is always seen and directed to the correct location by
the router. The router accomplishes this by using headers and forwarding tables
to determine the best path for forwarding the data packets and they also use
protocols to communicate with each other and configure the best route between
any two hosts. For example, staff at UiTM Jengka send an email using the UiTM
network id (network identity) to UMT staff, router UiTM will communicate with
router UMT to ensure that email address are registered with domain UMT (i.e:
riedhaudden@umt.edu.my) within nanosecond.

4.2 Switching system

9|Page
 4.2.1 Core switch

A core switch is a high-capacity switch generally positioned within the backbone

or physical core of a network. Core switches serve as the gateway to a wide area
network (WAN) or the Internet - they provide the final aggregation point for the
network and allow multiple aggregation modules to work together. At UMT, they
have 2 unit core switch because of the requirement in network design must have
at least minimum 2 unit. The purpose is for network redundancy.

4.2.2 Distribution switch

Distributed switching is an architecture in which multiple processor-controlled

switching units are distributed. There is often a hierarchy of switching elements,
with a centralized host switch and with remote switches located close to
concentrations of users.

4.2.3 Access switch

Access switch includes hubs and switches. This switch ensures that packets are
delivered to end user computers. The quantity port at access point that usually
used is 24 and 48 port. The numbers of access switches that are connected to
the distribution switch depending on the number of users in an organization.

4.3 Cabling system

4.3.1 Fiber optic

An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers that are
used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with
plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment
where the cable will be deployed. Different types of cable are used for different
applications. There are two types of optical fiber cable that UMT used which is

10 | P a g e
 Single Mode Fiber (SMF) for long distance telecommunication and Multi Mode
Fiber (MMF) for short distance telecommunication.

4.3.2 Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable (Brand AMP)

Short for unshielded twisted pair, a popular type of cable that consists of two
unshielded wires twisted around each other. Due to its low cost, UTP cabling is
used extensively for local-area networks (LANs) and telephone connections. UTP
cabling does not offer as high bandwidth or as good protection from interference
as coaxial or fiber optic cables, but it is less expensive and easier to work with.

4.4 Wireless system (Brand Iron Man)

4.4.1 Access point

In computer networking, a wireless access point (AP) is a device that allows

wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi, or related standards.
The AP usually connects to a router (via a wired network) as a standalone
device, but it can also be an integral component of the router itself.

4.4.2 Cabling system

Networks are collections of computers, software, and hardware that are all
connected to help their users work together. A network connects computers by
means of cabling systems or wireless connectivity, specialized software, and
devices that manage data traffic. A network enables users to share files and
resources, such as printers, as well as send messages electronically (e-mail) to
each other.

Computer networks fall into two main types: client/server networks and peer-to-
peer networks. A client/server network uses one or more dedicated machines
(the server) to share the files, printers, and applications. A peer-to-peer network

11 | P a g e
 allows any user to share files with any other user and doesn’t require a central,
dedicated server.

4.4.3 Wireless controller

A wireless LAN controller is used in combination with the Lightweight Access

Point Protocol (LWAPP) to manage light-weight access points in large quantities
by the network administrator or network operations center. The wireless LAN
controller is part of the Data Plane within the Cisco Wireless Model.

4.5 Software / Modules / Appliances

My Network of Management Operations (MyNemo). MyNemo is an electronic

network portal applications management operation aims to enhance the
governance and delivery systems. Through the concept of single-sign-on user
only needs to login once to access all applications that are allowed by the
functional users. This system is available for use by stakeholders consisting of
UMT staff.

12 | P a g e
MyNemo staff portal

Example of when log in staff portal

13 | P a g e
5.0 TELECOMMUNICATION DEVICES

5.1 Telephone
Nowadays, telephone is importance technology to all company and people because it can
connect to others easily. Phone use at work for personal purposes is tolerated by University
Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) staffs. In University Malaysia Terengganu has using traditional
telephone. Using the telephone is easy way to staff for complete their work without need face to
face with others. All the staffs in UMT have the technical capability to monitor calls made and
received calls at work. For the customer service at the UMT has using telephone to receive and
made a call. For the example, our group has call customer service at the UMT to make
interview deal with Unit Teknologi Maklumat. Using the telephone office for personal call is not
allowed. Call monitoring may take place using a private automatic branch exchange (PABX),
through phone records or by recording conversations.

5.2 Key phone

Consider a key phone systems, it is controlled by the Key System Unit (KSU). In case of phone
systems, they come with extra features that are not present in the regular phones. The key
phone system makes it available for an individual to call another person in the office extension
and permit one user to stay on hold. This is usually happen between personal assistant and the
head of each department of University Malaysia Terengganu. These phone systems can
support extensions that range from five to forty. So they are the best option in case of business
organizations that are comparatively small and medium sized. The costs involved in the key
phone systems may change depending on their features. Key systems allow University
Malaysia Terengganu to make ad hoc conference calls, forward calls and check voicemail
messages. In addition, staff of University Malaysia Terengganu can quickly see the status of
each telephone line and can answer any line that rings.

5.3 PABX

14 | P a g e
Private automatic branch exchange (PABX) is an automatic telephone switching system within
the University Malaysia Terengganu. University Malaysia Terengganu own 3 units of Private
automatic branch exchange (PABX). Originally, such systems are called private branch
exchanges (PABX), it is required the use of a live operator. The main technical roles of a
(PABX) are to switch between telephone users thereby creating connections, to make sure the
connection remains in place properly by keeping its resources, to properly end the connection
when a user hangs up, to record the quantities, statistics and metering related to the calls.
Practically, the functions of a PABX are to provide one single number that external callers can
use to access all persons in a company, distribute calls to employees in a answering team in an
even way, using the Automatic Call Distribution (ACD) feature. Automate call answering, but
offering a menu of options from which a user can select to be directed to a specific extension or
department.

6.0 NETWORK MODEL

15 | P a g e
 Based on our observation, University Malaysia Terengganu use Peer-to-Peer network
and Client-Server as a network model. Peer-to-peer network are computer systems which are
connected to each other person in University Malaysia Terengganu via the Internet. Files can be
shared directly between systems on the network without the need of a central server. In other
words, each computer on a Peer-to-Peer network becomes a file server as well as a client. The
only requirements for a computer to join a peer-to-peer network are an Internet connection and
P2P software. Once connected to the network, P2P software allows you to search for files on
other people's computers. Meanwhile, other users on the network can search for files on your
computer, but typically only within a single folder that you have designated to share. Residential
users of University Malaysia Terengganu configure their computers in peer workgroups to allow
sharing of files, printers and other resources equally among all of the devices. Although one
computer may act as a file server or Fax server at any given time, other home computers often
have equivalent capability to handle those responsibilities. Both wired and wireless networks
qualify as peer to peer environments. Peer to peer network is important to UMT because data is
allowed to be shared in both directions easily. According to the sir Ahmad Riedhaudden, Chief
assistant technology information of UMT inform that UMT also use client-server network that
uses one or more dedicated machines. UMT have their own server room (central computer) to
control computer to share the files, printers and applications. As example, others department in
different building can share files through the server. Other examples, every computer lab in
UMT is using client server types of network model where each of the student computer acted as
a client computer connected to the lecturer’s computer (server).

16 | P a g e
7.0 VOICE COMMUNICATION

VoIP is short form for Voice over Internet Protocol. Voice over Internet Protocol is a
category of hardware and software that enables people to use the Internet as the transmission
medium for telephone calls by sending voice data in packets using Internet Protocol rather than
by tradisional circuit transmissions of the public switched telephone network (PSTN).

One advantage of VoIP is the telephone calls over the internet does not apply additional
fee beyond what the user is paying for Internet access, much in the same way the user does not
pay for sending individual emails over the Internet. Using voice chat in G Talk or Yahoo
messenger could be regarded as VoIP. In all VoIP systems, voice is converted into packets of
data, like a little file and then transmitted to the recipient over the internet and decoded back into
voice at the other end.

UMT has choosing VoIP as their voice communication because VoIP provides an
opportunity for many colleges and Universities to eliminate PBX (Private Branch Exchange)
technology that basic traditional phone system. Along with cost saving, UMT also can get
benefit from aditional features and integrated systems. As nearly, every students in UMT has a
cell phone, VoIP might offer an inexpensive way to make phone available either in every dorm
room or every floor of class.

VoIP also allows UMT to integrate phone service into it emergency notification plan,
along with other network resources such as email, text messaging, networked signs, and
alarms. In addition, phone network are often overloded in emergency situations, and a VoIP
phone system provides the UMT with additional capacity to make and receive call even if phone
service is corrupted. In these way, VoIP ensure student and parents that UMT can effectively
communicate with the student in the event of an emergency.

VoIP is a technology that allows telephone calls to be made over computer networks like
the Internet. In the Universiti Malaysia Terengganu has class for make video conference. This
class has allows the students to communicate with the others countries. Every semester, UMT
will connect to five countries to make video conference. For the example are, U.S, China,
Brazil, Australia and Japan. The students of UMT will make video conference with them to

17 | P a g e
communicate about their study. Through this video connference, they usually application Skype
to communicate with them. Only the certain course have use this class for make video call with
other countries.

9.0 NETWORK TOPOLOGY

18 | P a g e
 Topology is the way networks are constructed and connected. For a network, topology
means how the connections are physically and logically node. Physical topology is how wires
are connected such as device location and cable installation and logically topology is how the
data flow based on its physical design. Network topology is the arrangement of the various
elements such as links and nodes of a computer network. Node is a connection point, either a
redistribution point or an end point for data transmissions. It has program or engineer capability
to recognize and process or forward transmissions to other nodes.

Therefore, in UMT, for example in LAN (Local Area Network) there is having about 8000
nodes. It is for stakeholder’s uses (users, students, staffs and visitors) and lab’s uses
(centralized and faculties). Network coverage for UMT is fully covered by IT Center and they are
covered for students, staffs and hostels. Their capacity of the internet is 1Gbps.

In UMT, there are having the Hybrid Topology and Mesh Topology, which is the
combination of topology occurs but not at the same times. The topology types will change
randomly. The assimilation and reduction happen in network topology because of technological
changes to equipment or networking hardware.

Bus topology is network setup where each computer and network device is connected to
a single cable or backbone. In a bus, all wires are logically connected to a central wire, making
a bus network. This connection made through a hub.

19 | P a g e
 Star Topology is the arrangement of every node connects to a central hub, switch or
computer. The hub acting as a server and the peripheral devices as client. The attachment of
these network pieces to the central component is visually represented in a form similar to a star.
If the central hub fails, all of the connected devices are disconnected. Depends on which central
device is used, “hub” can act as repeater or signal booster. Central device can also
communicate with other hubs of different network. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) Ethernet
cable is used to connect workstations to central node.

HYBRID TOPOLOGY

Therefore, the network topology occurs in UMT is Hybrid Topology. Hybrid Topology is
forms in the instance two different basic network topologies are connected. For example, the
star ring network, is made up of at least two topologies that are linked by utilizing a multi-station
access unit, as the centralized hub. A star bus network is made up of two or more topologies as
well, but the topologies are connected by a bus trunk.

20 | P a g e
 Next, sometimes Mesh Topology also occurs in junctions of UMT’s network. Mesh
Topology is decentralized design, which is each node on the network connects to at least two
other nodes. A network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected with
one another, allowing for most transmissions to be distributed, even if one of the connections go
down.
A mesh topology can be a full mesh topology or a partially connected mesh topology. In
a full mesh topology, every computer in the network has a connection to each of the other
computers in that network. In a partially connected mesh topology, at least two of the computers
in the network have connections to multiple other computers in that network. This is a cheaper
way to build a network that has some redundancy in the event one of the primary computers or
connections in the network were to be down.

In addition, for MAN, VPN or HQ, the latest hardware available in the network
environment connected to the outside world UMT. It is use between campuses. Router is the
main component will connect with network equipment outside. For example, in UMT they got
1Gbps from TM and 20Mbps from Myren (allocation from government to all IPT for data
research). Then they connected to others branches or campuses using net process. Then, the
connection in one faculty, it is comes from core. There are two types of core use in distribution
switch which are SFARM and internet sore and connect to access point. To complete on access
point, it is need the caballing UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) and wireless controller. UMT is
using one type of wireless system as access point ‘Cisco Wireless Access Point’. It is guide or
connected by wireless controller.

10.0 NETWORK DIAGRAM

21 | P a g e
22 | P a g e
11. 0 LATEST TECHNOLOGY

23 | P a g e
Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP)
Based on our research about telecommunication network in University Malaysia
Terengganu (UMT), they are proposes to establish the use of Voice over Internet Protocol
(VOIP) as their new technology in telecommunication network in their campus. VOIP is a
technology that allows telephone calls to be made over computer networks like the Internet.

VoIP converts analog voice signals into digital data packets and supports real-time, two-
way transmission of conversations using Internet Protocol (IP). Some VoIP services may only
allow person to call other people using the same service, but others may allow a person to call
anyone who has a telephone number - including local, long distance, mobile, and international
numbers. Also, while some VoIP services only work over our computer or a special VoIP phone,
other services allow people to use a traditional phone connected to a VoIP adapter.

UMT campus chooses to use of VOIP because it is a relatively new technology and it
has already achieved wide acceptance and use. It has so far proved to be a good candidate for
replacing the POTS (Plain Old Telephone System). It, of course, has drawbacks along with the
numerous advantages it brings; and its increasing use worldwide is creating new considerations
surrounding its regulations and security. The growth of VoIP today can be compared to that of
the Internet in the early 90’s. The public is getting more and more conscious of the advantages
they can reap from VoIP at home or in their businesses. VoIP which not only gives facilities and
allows people to save, but also generating huge income for those who died early into the new
phenomenon.

This campus also choose it because, VOIP enables advanced bandwidth capabilities
and improved video-conferencing and at a reasonable price. There is still a lot to improve and it
is expected to have major technological advances in VoIP in the future. In this campus also
have class for making video conference. This is new technology that this campus used
because using the video conference like Skype can connect with the other countries.

CONCLUSION

As a conclusion that we can make from our research is, telecommunication network is
an important part in the organization because it give a lot of benefit in the organization. From

24 | P a g e
our research in Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), we can understand clearly about the
type of the network that have being practice in the organization. This task gives us more
exposure about the telecommunication devices, the model of the network that the organization
used and we gain some knowledge and new information about the network components.

Besides that, the new information about voice communication is explained clearly to us
and we already being update about the security measure that is crucial to secure the facilities in
the organization. It is quite an impressive for us to know and experience the benefit of
technologies. With technology, telecommunication can be done efficiently and effectively.

The time spends when using telecommunication in daily basis can be a huge advantage
for us to success in what we do in our daily routine. Telecommunication is a technology that
changes rapidly and in some time we not realize that this improvement affecting our life
especially in performing our responsibility and it is proven that technology plays and important
role in our life. All this improvement and changing in technology is an accomplishment for our
country.

25 | P a g e
APPENDICES

Our photo with En. Riedhaudden Bin Razak (Chief Assistant Technology Information of UMT)

Figure of Twisted pair cable

26 | P a g e
 Some component at the server room

Server Room

REFERENCES

27 | P a g e
Ahmad Riedhaudden Bin Razak, Personal Communication, June 29, 2016

Goode, B. (2002). Voice over internet protocol (VoIP). Proceedings of the IEEE, 90(9),

1495- 1517.

The Management of Telecommunicatios. (2012). McGrawHill

Universiti Malaysia Teregganu (UMT). Retrieved from http://www.umt.edu.my/

28 | P a g e