Conceptos Generales GPRS

COMCEL S.A.
Gerencia de Centro de Gestión
Preparado por: Mauricio Medina

23 de marzo de 2012
1
2
¿Que es GPRS?
Significa General Packet Radio Service y define la trasmisión de datos en una red de
paquetes.
Las conexiones basadas en GPRS se establecen mediante un APN (Access Point Name) y,
según las condiciones de la red, posiblemente requiera autenticación.
¿Que servicios son compatibles con GPRS?

A través de GPRS se puede usar WAP, SMS, MMS, P2P, navegación, correo electrónico, etc.
¿Que ventajas presenta GPRS?

- Se basa en las bondades de IPv4 y todos sus servicios relacionados
- Permite el mejoramiento de los servicios de la red celular
- El crecimiento y expansión es mucho más económico que en la red conmutada
- Su cobro no se basa en tiempo sino en volumen
¿Qué dispositivos funcionan con GPRS?

Funciona todo dispositivo que tenga acceso a la red celular y permita el uso de un APN para
su funcionamiento
- Dispositivos clase A: Son aquellos que pueden usar simultáneamente GPRS y GSM
- Dispositivos clase B: Solo permiten un servicio suspendiendo el otro mientras se esté
usando.
- Dispositivos clase C: El uso de un servicio debe ser cambiado manualmente denegando el
otro mientras no esté activo.
COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

GVT_GGestion_OperaciondelServicioDatos@comcel.com.co 3
Elementos de red y funciones
BSS Base Station System
RAN Radio Access Network
BSC Base Station Controller

RNC Radio Network Controller
CS Circuit Switching (Network)

MSC/MSS Mobile Switching Center (Server)
VLR Visitor Location Register
HLR Home Location Register
AuC Authentication Center
EIR Equipment Identity Register
SMS/MMS Short Message Center (Multimedia)
GMSC Gateway Mobile Switching Center
PS Packet Switching (Network)

SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
BGW Border Gateway
DNS Domain Name Server
CG Charging Gateway
WAP Wireless Application Protocol
AAA Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
VPLMN Visited Public Land Mobile Network

SGSN
El SGSN funciona como un enlace entre la red PaCo (Packet Core), la red GPRS y la red
de radio enlaces 2G y 3G.
Para el dominio GPRS 2G funciona como enlace entre las redes de radio GSM,
EDGE/GSM o EGPRS-136 y el PaCo ofreciendo el transporte de tráfico basado en
paquetes y acceso a redes externas. Esto se logra conectándose al sistema BSS.
Para el dominio 3G funciona como enlace entre la red RAN y el PaCo gestionando
tanto el control como el tráfico de datos a través de la RNC.
El SGSN provee funciones de enrutamiento, transferencia de paquetes de datos,
tarificación, seguridad, movilidad para asegurar tráfico de datos a los usuarios dentro
de toda su cobertura y otras adyacencias configuradas, y sesión para asegurar que la
conexión sea efectiva.
La conexión a través del PaCo a otros elementos es netamente IP.

El GGSN ofrece el acceso a los usuarios de una red móvil a redes externas (p.e.
Internet). Funciona bajo el concepto de subscriber awareness lo que permite ofrecer
servicios
Es punto importante en la red ya que es responsable de la generación de CDRs por
volumen de consumo y del acceso a diferentes servicios.

Todo el vector de autenticación se compone de:
- RAND (Random value)
- IK (Integration Key)
- CK (Ciphering Key)
- AUTN (Authentication Key)
- XRES (Expressed Response)

PDP (Packet Data Protocol) Context
Es una estructura de datos presente en el SGSN y GGSN que contiene información de
sesión del subscriptor cuando éste tiene una sesión abierta. Al activarse el PDP
Context el servicio por el SGSN es soportado y en el GGSN es permitido para acceder
a otras redes.
Entre la información contenida está:

- IP del subscriptor
- IMSI del subscriptor
- ID del endpoint del tunnel (TEID) en el SGSN
- ID del endpoint del tunnel (TEID) en el GGSN
- RA
- QoS
- Charging ID
Por estándar, se soporta hasta un total de 11 PDP contexts simultáneamente aunque

lo común es tener un PDP secundario tal como ocurre en BlackBerry.

Tomado del manual Nokia SGSN Product Description:
The OMU is the interface between the Nokia SGSN, a higher-level network
management system, and/or the local operator. The OMU is also used for system
maintenance. Both hardware and software configurations are performed through the
OMU. In addition, the OMU handles system supervision, diagnostics, recovery, and
alarm functions. The OMU can produce local alarm printouts or send fault indications
to the Network Management System (NMS). In the event of a fault, the OMU
automatically activates appropriate recovery and diagnostics procedures.

The main purpose of the MCHU is to produce accurate charging information and send
it to the Charging Gateway (CG). In addition, the MCHU collects and stores statistical
data about the whole system. The unit also works as a subscriber database distributor
for SMMU units.
The marker functionality maintains semi-permanent connections through the group
switch. These connections are used internally to connect signalling terminals and
frame relay bearer channels to external Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) time slots.

MRTG
http://172.21.6.83/tecnica/gprs/cmd/sum_cmd.html
ZGHI;
LOADING PROGRAM VERSION 10.16-0
SGSN SGSN01TOB 2012-03-28 09:00:23
LIST OF AVAILABLE IP ADDRESSES AND STATUSES:
INDEX: 1
ADMIN STATE: 1 UNLOCKED
OPER STATUS: 1 OPERATIONAL
IP ADDRESS : 192.168.61.82
1800 POSTPAID PACKETS WAITING FOR TRANSMISSION
170 PREPAID PACKETS WAITING FOR TRANSMISSION
INDEX: 2
ADMIN STATE: 1 UNLOCKED
OPER STATUS: 1 OPERATIONAL
IP ADDRESS : 192.168.61.81
784 POSTPAID PACKETS WAITING FOR TRANSMISSION
82 PREPAID PACKETS WAITING FOR TRANSMISSION
INDEX: 10 EMPTY
SGSN BUFFER FULLNESS 4247 (MAX PACKET COUNT 72000)
COMMAND EXECUTED

The main purpose of the SMMU is to support subscriber GMM. It uses several SS7-based interfaces (Gr,
Gd, Ge, Gs, and Gf) that connect the SGSN to various Network Switching Subsystem (NSS) network
elements. The SMMU supports the following protocols that are used in the above-mentioned interfaces:
- Mobile Application Part (MAP)
- Transaction Capabilities Application Part (TCAP)
- Signalling Connection Control Part (SCCP)
- Message Transfer Part (MTP)
- Sigtran - SS7 MTP3-User Adaptation Layer (M3UA)
- Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
- Base Station System Application Part (BSSAP+)
The protocol stack for the Gr, Gd, and Gf interfaces is the same. For handling GMM, the SMMU has a
database for visiting GPRS subscribers. Subscribed Packet Data Protocol (PDP) contexts are also stored
in an SMMU database.
A subscribed PDP context is somewhat different from an active PDP context. A subscribed PDP context
contains a subscribed parameter set that is related to a certain PDP type, and possibly also a static
address. The parameter set includes the subscribed Quality of Service (QoS), APN, and information
whether the context can be activated to a visiting network Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN). In the
SGSN, it is a database entry. A corresponding active PDP context may not exist at a given time.
An active PDP context refers to a packet data session. It uses parameters that are defined for the
subscribed PDP context. The necessary buffer space and processor capacity is reserved for it, thus
making effective data transfer possible.

Para usuarios en la GSBASE:
ZMMN;
SGSN SGS01PRA 2012-03-26 12:17:43
SUBSCRIBERS IN GSBASE
SMMU-0 123030
SMMU-1 123277
SMMU-2 122985
SMMU-4 124158
--------------------------
TOTAL 493450
COMMAND EXECUTED
Para PDP ACTIVO:

ZGHP;
SGSN SGS01PRA 2012-03-26 12:20:03
NUMBER OF OPEN CDRs:
CDR TYPE NUMBER

S-CDR: 136791
M-CDR: 333254
COMMAND EXECUTED

The main purpose of the PAPU is to process and relay user data between the 2G and 3G radio networks and to the
GPRS backbone network. For this purpose, the PAPU maintains active PDP contexts for the subscribers. In order to
carry the user data between the BSS/RNC (Gb/Iu interface) and the GPRS backbone (Gn interface), the PAPU must
support a large set of protocols.
GPRS Mobility Management (GMM) and Session Management (SM) use the services provided by the LLC layer. In a
way, they make up a protocol layer of their own. In addition to the GMM and SM, the Short Message Service (SMS)
functionality uses the LLC layer also, in order to carry short messages to and from the subscriber.
The GMM and SM entities are used by the PAPU to handle location and session management control tasks
towards the Mobile Station (MS) and other GPRS support nodes.
The introduction of 3G functionality in SG6.0 affects processes run in PAPU. Along with 3G, RANAP protocol is
introduced to the PAPU unit. RANAP is the signalling protocol between the SGSN and RNC providing the SGSN with
the means to create GTP tunnels and request and reserve resources in the Radio Access Network. RANAP also
facilitates the
the transmission of SGSN-UE signalling messages. GPT-C signalling towards the GGSN is the same in 2G and 3G
sides.
3G user plane processing is done completely inside the IOCP-E or IOCP-EA card. This means that the GTP-U process
is moved to IOCP-E/IOCP-EA card and connection to GGSN is also done via IOCP-E/IOCP-EA.
The PAPU also handles the CAP protocol and controls the Intelligent Network (IN) connection to the Service Control
Point (SCP).
In native SG6.0 hardware if the maximum amount of PAPU units in the SGSN is five (PAPU0-1 … PAPU0-4), then
PAPU can be equipped with three AS7-C plug-in units to improved FR connectivity capacity. If the amount of PAPU
units in the SGSN is more than five (PAPU0-5 … 0-16), then PAPU can be equipped with maximum of two AS7-C
plug-in units. By default, each PAPU contains one AS7-C plug-in unit.
In native SG6.0 hardware it is possible to run ATM and Frame Relay in a same PAPU. With upgraded hardware it is
not possible due to lack of free plug-in unit slot in cartridge for AS7-C. If ATM and Frame Relay connections are
needed in the same PAPU, then both IOCP-EA and AS7-C plug-in units must be installed.

Para usuarios en ATTACH y USUARIOS 3G:
ZMMN:PAPU;
SGSN SGS01PRA 2012-03-26 12:26:34
SUBSCRIBERS IN PAPU:
PAPU GERAN UTRAN UMA

---- ------ ------ -------
0 27731 0 0
1 3745 9623 0
2 26949 0 0
3 23416 0 0
4 8693 16268 0
5 13422 0 0
6 16348 0 0
7 26715 89 0
8 30408 0 0
9 31549 0 0
10 0 2316 0
11 0 14800 0
12 18282 0 0
13 24624 0 0
14 26562 0 0
15 15966 8920 0
COMMAND EXECUTED

Las unidades entonces tendrán la capacidad de dialogar con otros elementos
mediante las siguientes funciones:
- PAPU CPU: Iu-PS C-Plane, Gb, LIB, LRAS forwarding
- IOCP-E: Gn, Iu-PS U-Plane
- MCHU: Ga, Traffica, LIC
- SMMU: SS7 over IP (Gr, Gf, Gd,)
- OMU: O&M

Tomado del manual Feature SG01048: Nokia SGSN Gb
over IP
The Gb interface transfers signalling and user data between the SGSN
and the Base Station Subsystem (BSS). The Gb interface covers both the
transmission between the SGSN and the Base Station Controller (BSC),
and the logical radio interface between the SGSN and the Mobile Station
(MS). The Gb interface uses communication paths, called Network Service
Virtual Connections (NS-VCs), to transmit the user data. NS-VCs are
transported through paths offered by the subnetwork of the Gb interface.
In traditional Gb interface configuration, the subnetwork is based on Frame
Relay (FR) over Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) circuits. In an FR-based
subnetwork the path for NS-VC is static: a timeslot (or multiple timeslots) in
a PCM between the SGSN and the BSS.
Feature SG01048: Nokia SGSN Gb over IP offers an alternative way to
configure the Gb interface's subnetwork which is based on IP and the
physical layer is Ethernet. When the Gb interface is based on IP, an NSVC
is a pair of User Datagram Protocol (UDP)/Internet Protocol (IP)
endpoints: one UDP/IP address in the BSS and one UDP/IP address in the
SGSN.
Both the IP-based and the FR-based Gb interfaces can exist parallel in the
same SGSN.

Ejemplo de la conexión GBoIP de las BSC01TOB, BSC02TOB y BSC03TOB al
SGSN01TOB.

ZFXI;
BSC3i BSC02CAL 2012-03-26 17:37:39
NETWORK SERVICE VIRTUAL LINK PARAMETERS:
PSE-01
NSE-00021
NS-VL-00021
PSE-02
NSE-00022
NS-VL-00022
…
PSE-10
NSE-00030
NS-VL-00030
COMMAND EXECUTED
FWO:NSEI=21&&30;
SGSN SGS01ING 2012-03-26 17:40:26
NETWORK SERVICE VIRTUAL CONNECTION PARAMETERS:
NSEI-00021 PAPU-05 SFUNC-0
NS-VC ADM OP LOCAL

ID NAME STA STATE UDP P RDW RSW RPNBR REMOTE IP ENDPOINT
----------------- ---------- ----- --- --- ----- ---------------------
00021 N1_CAL02_1 U WO-EX 56174 1 1 56174 10.152.32.4
…
NSEI-00030 PAPU-05 SFUNC-0
NS-VC ADM OP LOCAL

ID NAME STA STATE UDP P RDW RSW RPNBR REMOTE IP ENDPOINT
----------------- ---------- ----- --- --- ----- ---------------------
00030 N1_CAL02_A U WO-EX 56183 1 1 56183 10.152.32.15
COMMAND EXECUTED

Servicios Black Berry
- Servicio Black Berry Messenger  Chat
- Servicio Black Berry BIS (BlackBerry Internet Service)  Navegación de Internet,
correo (gmail, yahoo, MSN, etc.), aplicaciones, FaceBook, Twitter, etc.
- Servicio Black Berry BES (BlackBerry Enterprise Service)  Navegación Intranet,
correo corporativo (p.e. @comcel.com.co)

En resumen, Blackberry es soportado por los siguientes servicios/proveedores:
- RIM: Da soporte y ofrece servicios a la red de Blackberry. Tiene los servidores de
BB a nivel internacional.
- Aicent: Ofrece el transporte de los servicios a través de la topología mostrada
Las direcciones IP de los equipos de Aicent que monitoreamos en el MRTG son:

- CGW01.BOG2 en el diagrama CPE1.COMCEL.BOG 192.168.23.137

En resumen, Blackberry es soportado por los siguientes servicios/proveedores:
- RIM: Da soporte y ofrece servicios a la red de Blackberry. Tiene los servidores de
BB a nivel internacional.
- Aicent: Ofrece el transporte de los servicios a través de la topología mostrada
Las direcciones IP de los equipos de Aicent que monitoreamos en el MRTG son:


Tomado del manual Flexi NS - SGSN ATCA, Rel. SG8.0 ATCA, Operating
Documentation, v. 1
The Nokia Siemens Networks SGSN is a field-proven product with over 800 installed
systems in operative networks. The SGSN is currently delivered on DX 200 hardware
platform. In release SG8.0, Nokia Siemens Networks provides SGSN on a new
hardware platform: ATCA.
The main benefits of ATCA are:

- High processing power with multicore processor architecture
- Industry standard platform with commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hardware
- Simple architecture with multipurpose CPU blades
- Fast utilization of new advanced hardware components
- Low footprint cabinets with the possibility to install different products in the same
cabinet (for example, 2 x SGSN + 1 x GGSN or 1 x MME)

Tomado del manual Flexi NS - SGSN ATCA, Rel. SG8.0 ATCA, Operating
Documentation, v. 1
SGSN on ATCA software is based on the same application software, server software
and platform software components as the DX 200 SGSN software. Adaptation to
different hardware platforms is done in the lower layers of the platform software,
which makes the hardware transparent to the application.


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COMCEL S.A.

Gerencia de Centro de Gestión

Preparado por: Mauricio Medina

¿Que servicios son compatibles con GPRS?

¿Que ventajas presenta GPRS?

¿Qué dispositivos funcionan con GPRS?

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

BSC Base Station Controller

CS Circuit Switching (Network)

PS Packet Switching (Network)

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

Entre la información contenida está:

Por estándar, se soporta hasta un total de 11 PDP contexts simultáneamente aunque

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

LOADING PROGRAM VERSION 10.16-0

SGSN SGSN01TOB 2012-03-28 09:00:23

LIST OF AVAILABLE IP ADDRESSES AND STATUSES:

SGSN BUFFER FULLNESS 4247 (MAX PACKET COUNT 72000)

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

LOADING PROGRAM VERSION 12.28-0

SGSN SGS01PRA 2012-03-26 12:17:43

Para PDP ACTIVO:

LOADING PROGRAM VERSION 10.16-0

SGSN SGS01PRA 2012-03-26 12:20:03

NUMBER OF OPEN CDRs:

CDR TYPE NUMBER

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

SGSN SGS01PRA 2012-03-26 12:26:34

PAPU GERAN UTRAN UMA

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

LOADING PROGRAM VERSION 3.20-0

BSC3i BSC02CAL 2012-03-26 17:37:39

NETWORK SERVICE VIRTUAL LINK PARAMETERS:

SGSN SGS01ING 2012-03-26 17:40:26

NETWORK SERVICE VIRTUAL CONNECTION PARAMETERS:

NSEI-00021 PAPU-05 SFUNC-0

NS-VC ADM OP LOCAL

NSEI-00030 PAPU-05 SFUNC-0

NS-VC ADM OP LOCAL

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

Las direcciones IP de los equipos de Aicent que monitoreamos en el MRTG son:

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

Las direcciones IP de los equipos de Aicent que monitoreamos en el MRTG son:

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

The main benefits of ATCA are:

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

COMCEL S.A. - BO DATOS

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