CO-ORDINATION OF RELAY SETTINGS FOR OVERCURRENT AND EARTH

FAULT RELAYS FROM RECEIVING STATIONS TO GRID SUBSTATIONS IN

KASHMIR.
SCOPE:

This document sets out a procedure for calculating Time Setting Multiplier (TMS) for Over-current
Relays from a Receiving Station at 11kV Level to a Grid Station at 132kV Level in order to achieve
time coordinated tripping. The coordination is done from 11kV Feeder and Main Panels in Receiving
Stations through 33kV Transformer and Feeder Panel in Receiving and Grid Substations respectively
upto 33kV and 132kV Transformer Panels in Grid Substation.

PREREQUISITES:

The following data should be available for obtaining the co-ordinated relay settings for Overcurrent
and Earth Fault Protection from 11kV Feeder Panels in Receiving Stations to 132kV Transformer
Panels in Grid Stations.

i) Fault Level at 33kV bus in Grid Substation.

ii) MVA and %age Z of Power Transformers installed in Grid Station.

iii) Length and Conductor size of 33kV Line from Grid Substation to Receiving Station.

iv) CTR of 33kV Current Transformers in Grid Substation Power Transformer Bays and Feeder Bay.

v) CTR of 33kV Bay Current Transformers in Receiving Station.

vi) MVA and %age Z of Transformers installed in Receiving Station.

vii) Size and length of 11kV 3-core Al Conductor XLPE Cable from LV bushings of Receiving Station
Power Transformer to 11kV Switchgear.

viii) CTR of 11kV Current Transformers in Receiving Station 11kV Switchgear.

PROCEDURE:

OVERCURRENT PROTECTION:

The PGCIL publishes the maximum fault levels of 3-phase symmetrical faults of all buses above and
including 220kV level. Using this and the network data of the EHV network of Kashmir Province, the
fault level of all 33kV buses of Grid Substations in Kashmir Valley has been calculated.

Using the above data and IEC 60909-0, the prospective maximum short circuit current is obtained at
the 11kV Panel Bus bar and 33kV Bus bar in Receiving Station. Also, the maximum short circuit
current through each transformer in the Receiving Station is calculated at HV and LV level as well.

The relay setting starts from the 11kV Feeder Panel in the Receiving Stations. As the Feeder Relays
do not need to be co-ordinated with any downstream protection devices, minimum possible TMS
can be selected for overcurrent setting. The pickup current is set as per the requirement of the

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feeder. In this example, TMS = 0.05 for 11kV Feeder Panels as this is the minimum value that the
VAMP 57 relay provides. In any case, the lowest value that the overcurrent relay provides should be
chosen.

IEC Standard Inverse IDMT characteristic is chosen for the overcurrent relay for 11kV Feeder Panel.
With the lowest possible TMS and IDMT SI characteristic, a relay operating time of 50ms for 11kV
Feeder Panel can safely be assumed for coordination with upstream 11kV Main Panel Relay.

A CTI (Co-ordination time interval) = 0.2s is chosen for co-ordination of 11kV Feeder Relay with 11kV
Main Panel Relay. Using the SI IDMT characteristic, TMS for 11kV Main Panel is obtained using the
previously calculated fault current through each Receiving Station Transformer on the LV side. The
TMS is rounded up to the relay TMS step size and the CTI recalculated with the rounded up TMS.

High Set (HS) protection stage is used between two overcurrent relays connected in series if the
maximum fault current seen by the upstream relay is significantly larger in magnitude than the
maximum fault current of the downstream stage for which the upstream relay is providing backup
protection. Since there is no difference in maximum fault current seen by the protection at the 11kV
Feeder Panel and its backup at 11kV Main Panel, High Set (HS) protection is not used at 11kV Feeder
Panel. As a relay operating time of 50ms is assumed for all 11kV Feeder Panels, the same TMS
calculation for 11kV Main Panel holds for all 11kV Feeder Panels.

A CTI = 0.05s is used for co-ordination for the series elements of 11kV Main Panel and its associated
33kV Transformer panel to reduce the relay operating time of upstream overcurrent protection
relays. In practice it means that the 33kV Transformer breaker and 11kV breaker will trip
simultaneously for a transformer through fault which is not cleared by the 11kV Feeder Panel
breaker. The relay co-ordination for 33kV Transformer relay and 11kV Main Panel relay is done for
the maximum fault current at the 11kV Main Panel and the reflected fault current through the
33/11kV Transformer as seen by 33kV Transformer CTs. As the magnitude of the reflected through
fault current on 33kV side of the 33/11kV Power Transformer is usually much smaller than the
prospective maximum fault current on the 33kV side of Power Transformer bushings, High Set
Instantaneous Overcurrent protection can be used in the 33kV side relay of the Power Transformer.
The HS is set at 1.3 times the value of the reflected maximum through fault current or the
transformer inrush current, whichever is greater. The transformer inrush current is taken as 12pu of
the transformer current. The HS time is set at .05s.

The next step is to co-ordinate the 33kV Transformer Panel Relay of the 33/11kV Receiving Station
with the 33kV Feeder Panel Relay of the Grid Substation. As HS is activated above 1.3*(Max through
fault current OR Max Inrush current), the co-ordination is done for a relay operating time of 50ms
for the 33kV Transformer Panel of Receiving Station and the maximum fault current at the 33kV bus
of the Receiving Station. So a CTI of 200ms is used between 33kV Transformer Panel Relay of the
33/11kV Receiving Station and 33kV Feeder Panel Relay. The TMS so obtained is rounded off to the
relay TMS step size and the relay operating time noted. Using the TMS obtained, the relay operating
time is also calculated for the maximum fault current at the 33kV Bus of the Grid Substation. The HS
of the Grid Substation Feeder Panel is set at 1.3*(Max fault current at the 33kV Bus of the Receiving
Station).

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The relay operating time so obtained is used for protection co-ordination with the upstream 33kV
Transformer Panel relay of the Grid Substation along with a CTI=200ms. The co-ordination is done
for the appropriate fraction of maximum fault current at 33kV Bus of the Grid Substation flowing
through the Power Transformer. Since there is no difference in maximum fault current seen by the
protection at the 33kV Feeder Panel and its backup at 33kV Transformer Panel, High Set (HS)
protection is not used at 33kV Transformer Panel in the Grid Substation.

The co-ordination between the relays on either side of the Power Transformer in the Grid Substation
is done in the same manner as of those in the Receiving Station.

EARTHFAULT PROTECTION:

As the PGCIL does not publish fault data of asymmetrical faults, assumptions have to be made
regarding the fault levels for earth fault protection at different voltage levels in our area of interest.
All of the Power Transformers installed in JKPDD Receiving Stations at 33/11kV level in Kashmir are
delta/Solidly Grounded star configuration. For this configuration, the maximum single phase to
ground fault current very close to LV bushings is comparable to the maximum three phase fault
current. The assumption is hence made that the maximum earth fault current at 11kV level is equal
to the maximum 3-phase symmetrical fault current. On the other hand, almost all of the Power
Transformers installed in Grid Substations are Grounded Star/Grounded Star configuration. For this
configuration, the maximum single phase to ground fault current on the LV side is lesser than the
maximum three phase fault current. An assumption is made that the maximum earth fault current at
33kV level is 70% of the maximum earth 3-phase symmetrical fault current.

The relay setting starts from the 11kV Feeder Panel in the Receiving Stations. As the Feeder Relays
do not need to be co-ordinated with any downstream protection devices, minimum possible TMS
can be selected for overcurrent setting. The pickup current is set at the lowest allowable value in the
earth fault stage of the relay. In this example, TMS = 0.05 for 11kV Feeder Panels as this is the
minimum value that the VAMP 57 relay provides. In any case, the lowest value that the overcurrent
relay provides should be chosen.

IEC Standard Inverse IDMT characteristic is chosen for the overcurrent relay for 11kV Feeder Panel.
With the lowest possible TMS and IDMT SI characteristic, a relay operating time of 50ms for 11kV
Feeder Panel can safely be assumed for coordination with upstream 11kV Main Panel Relay.

A CTI (Co-ordination time interval) = 0.2s is chosen for co-ordination of 11kV Feeder Relay with 11kV
Main Panel Relay. Using the SI IDMT characteristic, TMS for 11kV Main Panel is obtained using the
previously calculated fault current through each Receiving Station Transformer on the LV side. The
TMS is rounded up to the relay TMS step size and the CTI recalculated with the rounded up TMS.

High Set (HS) protection stage is used between two overcurrent relays connected in series if the
maximum fault current seen by the upstream relay is significantly larger in magnitude than the
maximum fault current of the downstream stage for which the upstream relay is providing backup
protection. Since there is no difference in maximum fault current seen by the protection at the 11kV
Feeder Panel and its backup at 11kV Main Panel, High Set (HS) protection is not used at 11kV Feeder
Panel. As a relay operating time of 50ms is assumed for all 11kV Feeder Panels, the same TMS
calculation for 11kV Main Panel holds for all 11kV Feeder Panels.

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In a delta/star connected transformer, an earth fault on the LV star side is reflected a overcurrent on
the associated winding on the delta side. Hence, the earth fault stage of the HV side of the 33kV
Power transformer need not be co-ordinated with the downstream protection on the 11kV Main
Panel. The lowest possible value of TMS and pick up current can be used. A relay operating time of
.05s can be safely assumed for the earth fault relay installed on the 33kV Transformer panel of the
Receiving Station.

The next step is to co-ordinate the 33kV Transformer Panel Relay of the 33/11kV Receiving Station
with the 33kV Feeder Panel Relay of the Grid Substation. The co-ordination is done for a relay
operating time of 50ms for the 33kV Transformer Panel of Receiving Station and the maximum fault
current at the 33kV bus of the Receiving Station. So a CTI of 200ms is used between 33kV
Transformer Panel Relay of the 33/11kV Receiving Station and 33kV Feeder Panel Relay. The TMS so
obtained is rounded off to the relay TMS step size and the relay operating time noted. Using the TMS
obtained, the relay operating time is also calculated for the maximum fault current at the 33kV Bus
of the Grid Substation. The HS of the Grid Substation Feeder Panel is set at 1.3*(Max fault current at
the 33kV Bus of the Receiving Station).

The relay operating time so obtained is used for protection co-ordination with the upstream 33kV
Transformer Panel relay of the Grid Substation along with a CTI=200ms. The co-ordination is done
for the appropriate fraction of maximum fault current at 33kV Bus of the Grid Substation flowing
through the Power Transformer. Since there is no difference in maximum fault current seen by the
protection at the 33kV Feeder Panel and its backup at 33kV Transformer Panel, High Set (HS)
protection is not used at 33kV Transformer Panel in the Grid Substation.

The co-ordination between the relays on either side of the Power Transformer in the Grid Substation
is done in the same manner as of those in the Receiving Station.

A 33kV line emanating from a Grid Substation has a number of Receiving Stations connected to it.
The procedure set out above is valid for a particular Receiving Station and will give different values
of TMS for the same 33kV Feeder, 33kV Transformer and 132kV Transformer Panel for different
Receiving Stations connected on the same 33kV Line. As protection coordination at the backup
protection position is done for the maximum fault current at the main protection level, the TMS
corresponding to the Receiving Station having the maximum fault current on the 33kV line should be
applied chosen. This will be the Receiving Station closest to the Grid Substation.

AUTHOR

Khalid M Qureshi.
I/c AEE, PLCC Sub-division,
LDM&T Division,
Bemina, Srinagar.

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