Chem Year 11 Hardness Hard

on element

Depends soft
Semester 1 Notes on element

Explore homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous Strength Strong Depends Weak

mixtures through practical investigations: on element

Using separation techniques based on physical Examples Tin Depends Sulfur

properties on element
Physical properties

melting point

boiling point

density

electrical conductivity

hardness

Calculating percentage composition by weight of
component elements and/or compounds
total mass – beaker mass = mass of sand/salt mixture
Mass of sand = Total mass of sand, filter paper and
watch glass - mass of filter paper – mass of watch
glass
Final mass – mass of evaporating basin = total mass
of salt
Mass of salt x 100
Total mass of sand/salt mixture
Classify the elements based on their properties and
position in the periodic table through their:
thermal conductivity
Chemical properties
Flammability (the ability to catch on fire)
Toxicity (the ability to be poisonous)
Radioactivity (giving off ionizing radiation)
Heat of combustion (amount of heat released when
the substance is completely burned)
Reactivity with water (what happens when a
substance reacts with water)
Reactivity with acids (what happens when a substance
reacts with an acid)
Oxidation (the combination of a substance with
oxygen)

Group Metals Semi- Non- Corrosion (a corrosive substance that will destroy or
metals metals irreversibly damage another surface)
Appearance Shiny / Both dull non- Investigate the differences between ionic and
lustrous lustrous covalent compounds through: using nomenclature,
valency and chemical formulae (including Lewis dot
Electrical yes Depends no
Conductivity on element diagrams)

Thermal yes Depends no Type of Properties

Conductivity on element bonding
Ionic - Transfer electrons
Malleability yes Depends no - Between metal and non-metal
and ductility on element - Bonding consists of electrostatic
attraction between the positive and
Density High Depends low negative ions formed.
on element

Boiling Point high Depends low Covalent

Molecula
r •demonstrate, explain and predict the relationships
Covalent in the observable trends in the physical and chemical
network
properties of elements in periods and groups in the
periodic table, including but not limited to: state of

matter at room temperature

Inquiry question: How do the properties of substances help us
to classify and separate them?
explore homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures through practical
investigations:
using separation techniques based on physical properties(ACSCH026)

Elements Compounds Mixtures

Consists of only one kind of atom Can be broken down into a simpler type Contains two or more different
of matter by chemical means, but not elements/compounds physically
physical means intermingled

Consists of either atoms or molecules Always contains the same ratio of its Can be separated into its
component atoms components by physical means

Cannot be broken down into a Consists of atoms of two or more Has the constituents that retain their
simpler type of matter by either elements bound together original properties
physical or chemical means
  Has properties that are different from its  
component elements

Immiscible of liquids) not forming a homogeneous mixture when mixed.

Miscible- (of liquids) forming a homogeneous mixture when added together.
Filtrate- a liquid which has passed through a filter.
Sedimentation - the process of settling or being deposited as a sediment.
Distillate- a liquid product condensed from vapor during distillation
Solvent- Is what dissolves
Solute- A solute is a substance dissolved in another substance.
Diagram Separation method Property used in the Mixture separated
separation with this technique

Decanting density gradually pour (wine,

port, or another liquid)
from one container
into another, typically
in order to separate
out sediment.

Filtration filtration Filtration is any of

various mechanical,
physical or biological
operations
separate solids from
fluids by adding a
medium through which
only the fluid can pass.
  The fluid that passes
through is called the
filtrate.

Sifting filtration to separate and retain

the coarse parts of
(flour, ashes, etc.) with
a sieve.

Centrifuge particles a machine with a

rapidly rotating
container that applies
centrifugal force to its
contents, typically to
separate fluids of
different densities
 
 
 Crystallisation Boiling point Crystallisation is a
separation technique
that is used to
separate. a solid that
has dissolved in a
liquid and made a
solution. The solution
is warmed in an open
container, allowing the
solvent to evaporate,
  leaving a saturated
solution. A solution
that has as much solid
dissolved in it.

evaporation Boiling point The process involves

heating the solution
until the solvent
evaporates (turns into
gas) leaving behind the
solid residue.

distillation Boling point Distillation is the

process of separating
the components or
substances from a
  liquid mixture by using
selective boiling and
condensation

calculating percentage composition by weight of component elements and/or compounds

total mass – beaker mass = mass of sand/salt mixture

Mass of sand = Total mass of sand, filter paper and watch glass - mass of filter paper – mass of watch glass

Final mass – mass of evaporating basin = total mass of salt

Mass of salt x 100

Total mass of sand/salt mixture

investigate the nomenclature of inorganic substances using International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
(IUPAC) naming conventions

Nomenclature refers to a system or convention of rules for naming things in a particular field 

Classify the elements based on their properties and position in the periodic table through their:

 physical properties
•  chemical properties 🖳