OBJECTIVE:

The objective of the experiment is to determine the PH of the given sample(Tap Water).
STANDARD:IS: 3025 (part 11)- Reaffirmed 2002.

INTRODUCTION:
pH refers the Power Of Hydrogen, that is the the measure of hydrogen ion concentration in a
solution.In mathematical terms it is the negative log of hydrogen ions concentration.
SCALE: 0-14

pH 7 Neutral
pH < 7 Acidic
pH > 7 Basic

IMPORTANCE:
 pH determination is important for the biological treatment of wastewater, moreover it is
one of the major parameters when analyzing water quality for different purpose.
 Soils may have be High compressibility, Low bearing capacity and Swelling capability
 Water with a low pH can leach metal ions from pipes and fittings.
 Water with a low pH could cause staining on laundry and sour taste.
 Water with a high pH could cause water pipes to get coated with deposits.
 Water with a high pH could be the reason for bitter taste.

PRINCIPLE:
The assembly is based on a pH electrode and a glass electrode. Sensing and Reference cells
work together in a combine manner .The sensing electrode is a membrane separating the
solution to be evaluated and the reference solution.The difference between potential
inside and outside is recorded as pH.

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CHEMICALS AND EQUIPMENT:.
 Tap water
 Standard Flasks.
 Stirrer.
 Funnel.
 Beaker.
 Wash Bottle.
 Buffer solutions PH 4.01, 7.0 and 10.01.
 Potassium chloride.
 Distilled water.
PROCEDURE:
Prepare or take out the reagents or buffer solutions, next turn on the PH meter and
wash the bulb of PH meter, next calibrate the pH meter with the buffer solution of
7.0,10.01 and 4.01 one by one, wash the pH meter bulb and insert it in the tap water
sample. Wait for the readings so that they will stabilize and note down the pH.
With pH Tester:
 Switch on the PH Tester.
 Wash the bulb of PH tester with Distilled water.
 Calibrate the PH tester with the buffer solution of 7.0
 Again wash the bulb and place it in the Water sample.
 Let the PH reading to stabilize.
 Note down the PH reading.
RESULTS:
Sample pH Tester Meter Reading

Tap Water 7.3 7.25

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CONCLUSIONS:
By analyzing the experiment results it can be concluded that the pH of water is 7.3 hence it
is between 6.5 to 8.5 which corresponds to the pH range given in the standards. The Other
tests can be carried out to find out the amount and concentrations of the suspended
particles and other parameters of drinking water.
If we compare the tester and the meter it can be concluded that meter has a better least
count however it takes time to stabilize but as it has three point calibration in contrast to
the tester, it gives better results.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. Use of proper safety equipment. (Lab coat, Gloves and glasses).
2. Handle the Instruments with care
3. Always wash the bulb of the meter.
4. Wait for the readings to stabilize.
5. Always perform experiments following the standards.

REFERENCES:
Material and lectures provided by lab.

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