INTRODUCTION TO EDUCATION

“Philosophy and Education”

Complied by:

Nur Abi Rafdi Syam (1811442009)

Abd. Rahman (1811441007)

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCE

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MAKASSAR

2020
 Philosophy and Education

A. Education
1. Definition of Education
The word education comes from the Latin language Educatum which
comes from two words namely E and Duco. The word E means a development
from the inside out, while the word Duco means development or being
developed. Etymologically education is the process of developing oneself and
individual strengths. According to the Big Indonesian Dictionary, education is
the process of changing attitudes and behavior of a person or group of people
in an effort to mature humans through teaching and training efforts.
According to Law No.20 of 2003, education is a conscious and planned
effort to create an atmosphere of learning and learning process so that students
actively develop their potential to have religious spiritual strength, self-
control, personality, intelligence, noble character, and skills that are self-titled,
society, nation and state.
So, education is a learning of skills, knowledge, and also the habits of a
group of people passed down from one generation to another through
teaching, research and training.

2. The Purpose and Function of Education in Indonesia

The purpose of education in Indonesia is as follows:
 Based on Law No. 2 of 1985, th at the purpose of education is to
educate the life of the nation and develop human beings and wholly,
that is those who believe in and fear God Almighty, and have good
character, have abilities and skills, physical and spiritual health, steady
personality and independent and sense of social responsibility of the
nation
  Based on MPRS No.2 of 1960, the purpose of education is to establish
true Pancasilais based on the provisions desired by the opening of the
1945 Law and the contents of the 1945 Constitution.
 Based on Law No.20 of 2003 concerning the National Education
System in article 3, that the aim of national education is to develop the
potential of students to become human beings who believe and fear
God Almighty, noble, healthy, knowledgeable, competent, creative,
independent, and become democratic and responsible citizens.
The function of education is as follows:
 Providing information and understanding
 Creating the next generation of the nation
 Deepen science
 Improve the standard of living of humans
 shape one's personality

3. The education system in Indonesia

Education in Indonesia is the responsibility of the Ministry of Education
and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemdikbud). At present, Indonesian
education is regulated through Law No.20 of 2003 concerning the National
Education System.
several education systems in Indonesia:
a. Open education system
According to the open education system, students are required to be able
to compete with friends, think creatively, innovatively and find their own
understanding of the material being discussed.
b. The education system is value oriented
In this education system students are taught about tolerance, honesty,
discipline, politeness and other positive values.
c. The education system is diverse
 This is based on the diverse conditions of Indonesian society. As diverse
in ethnicity, religion, culture and so forth. Likewise with education units in
Indonesia, such as formal education, non-formal and informal education.
d. The education system is in accordance with changing times
This can be seen from the change in curriculum from what used to be
KTSP to 2013 Curriculum where the latest curriculum is more
encouraging to the activeness of students.
e. An efficient education system
Efficient here in terms of the use of appropriate time. Here time is
arranged so that students do not feel burdened by the subject matter
delivered.

B. Philosophy
1) Definition of Philosophy
The term "philosophy" can be viewed from two aspects, namely:
 Semantic: philosophical association originates from Arabic
'philosophy', which comes from Greek, 'philosophy', which means
'philos' = love, like (love), and 'sophia' = knowledge, wisdom
(wisdom). So the 'philosophy' of love for opinions or love for truth.
That is, every person who does philosophy is expected to be wise.
 Practical aspects: seen from the practical sense, Politics means 'the
realm of mind' or 'the realm of thinking'. Philosophy means thinking,
though thinking. But not all thinking means philosophizing.
Philosophy is truly profound and earnest. A motto says that "every
human being is a philosopher". This motto is also true, because all
human thought. However, in general the motto is not true, because not
all humans think as philosophers. Strictly speaking, philosophy is the
result of the human mind that seeks and understands a truth as deeply
as possible.
In a systematic method, people who directly discuss the contents of the
philosophy of science with an emphasis on the order of each struggle.
 People share interactionsphilosophy in certain fields. For example, in the
field of logic, what matters is right and what is wrong according to reason,
how to think right and what is wrong. Then in the field of ethics prepared
about the good and the bad in the making of humans. Logistics or
metaphysics are not discussed here.
In this systematic method, our philosophers configure one another in
certain fields. For example in our question about the opinions of classical
philosophers (Plato and Aristotle) with the opinions of medieval
philosophers (Al-Farabi or Thomas Aquinas), and the opinions of the
philosophers of the 'aufklarung' period (Kant and others) with
philosophical opinions today (Jaspers and Marcel) with no attempt to
question the orderly period of each.Likewise in the problems of logic,
metaphysics, and others.

2) The Purpose of Philosophy

The benefits of philosophy in life are:
 as a basis for action;
 as a basis for making decisions;
 to reduce misunderstanding and conflict;
 Prepare for the ever-changing world;
 answering questions.
Philosophy or philosophical thinking is not just any thought but thinking
by referring to certain rules in a disciplined and profound way. Basically, humans
are homo sapiens, this does not necessarily mean that all human beings become
philosophers, because philosophical thinking requires constant practice and
habituation in thinking activities so that each problem/substance gets a deep
scrutiny to achieve the correct answer in the right way as a manifestation of love
to the truth.Philosophy at first questioned who humans were. The study of this
issue traces human nature so that several assumptions about humans emerge. For
example, humans are religious beings, social beings, cultured creatures, and so on.
From this study, philosophy tries to examine three main issues, namely the nature
of right - wrong (logic / science), the nature of good - bad (ethics), and the essence
of beautiful - not beautiful (aesthetic).
In the history of the development of logic, many definitions were put
forward by experts. Some say logic is a science within philosophy that discusses
the principles and laws of proper reasoning. Logic is a term that is formedfrom the
word logikos which is derived from the noun λόγος (logos) which means
something that is expressed, a consideration of reason (thoughts), words,
conversations, or expressions through language.
The highest level of human activity is philosophy which is true knowledge
of the nature of everything that exists as far as possible for humans. The most
noble part of philosophy is the first philosophy, which is the first knowledge of
truthis the cause of all truth (Al-Kindi, 801 - 873 AD). The philosophical method
is the method of asking, the formal object of philosophy is the ratio that asks, and
the material object is all thatthere is. Then it becomes the task of philosophy to
question everything that exists until finally finding universal wisdom. Sonny
Keraf and Michael Two interpret philosophy as the science of asking or thinking
about everything (anything and even about thinking itself) from all points of view,
thinking about thinking.

C. Relationship of Philosophy and Education

Humans are related to philosophy in the education process because
humans must be able to philosophize in overcoming problems in the world of
education. Able to carry out the educational process by using sophisticated
science and technology.
Functionally, the relationship between philosophy and education is as follows:
a) Philosophy is used by education experts in solving educational problems and
compiling educational theories, in addition to using other scientific methods.
b) Philosophy provides direction so that educational theories that have been
developed by experts have relevance to real life.
c) Philosophy including philosophy of education, also has a function to provide
guidance and direction in the development of educational theories into
educational science.
It can be concluded that science receives its foundation from philosophy, among
others:
 Every knowledge has objects and problems
 Philosophy also provides a common basis for all science and on the basis of
that general formulation of the state of science.
 Philosophy also provides specific foundations used in each science.
 The basis given by philosophy is about the nature of knowledge from all
sciences.
 Philosophy gives methods to every science.