REVIEWER: 21ST CENTURY LITERATURE
TACTILE
Literary Themes in the 21st
Century
Theme
Is the central meaning of literary
work. It is the main topic in a given
piece or series of literary work
A. The thematic concept
B. The thematic statement
The thematic concept
One word , big , abstract idea
Ex. Love , Courage
The thematic Statement
A thematic statement is a complete
sentence or two that express a theme.
Slam Poetry
1. Poetry recital without any
props, costumes or background
music.
2. This genre focuses on angst and
excessive emotions.
3. It focuses on the feelings of
the writer and how the writer
descriptively feels towards a
certain topic, person or event.
4. Slam poetry started as an
American competition in reading
poetry.
Imagery
1. AUDITORY
-Describes what we hear.
-Noise, music.
2.
-Describes what we touch / feel.
-Texture, movement, temperature.
3. GUSTATORY
-Describes what we taste.
-Sweet, sour, bitter.
4. VISUAL
-Describes what we see.
-Colors, shapes.
5. OLFACTORY
-Describes what we smell.
-Fragrance, odor.
Critical Approaches to
Literature
The Formalist Approach emphasizes the
form of a literary work to determine
its meaning, focusing on literary
elements and how they work to create
meaning.
The Biographical Approach argues that
we must take an author’s life and
background into account when we study
a text.
The Historical Approach is concerned
with how the author’s original
audience would have understood the
writing. It takes into account the
author’s biography and the time and
place in which the author wrote.
Historical - Biographical Approach is
knowing the author’s life and knowing
the background regarding the
experience cultural and community
climate that have influenced the
author in writing a text.
The Psychological/ Psychoanalytic describe the energy created by
Approach views a text as a revelation sexual instincts.
of its author’s mind and personality.
It is based on the work of Sigmund Note:
Freud.
Review also about KARL MARX and
SIGMUND FREUD.
The Sociological Approach argues that
social environment must be considered
when analyzing a text. Focuses on the
values of a society and how those
views are reflected in a text.
Emphasizes the economic, political,
and cultural issues within literary
texts.
CORE BELIEF: Literature is a
reflection of its society.
A. Marxist Criticism is based on
the political theory of Karl
Marx. Concerns with the
analysis of the clash of
opposing social classes in
society: working class and
ruling class
B. The Feminist Approach is
concerned with the role,
position, and influence of
women in a literary text.

The Reader-Response Approach studies

the interaction of reader with text,
holding the text as incomplete until
it is read. This critical approach can
be, and often is, combined with other
approaches.

[ADDITIONAL]

1. QUUER – Literary approach about

how the society views the LGBT
Community.
2. PINK LITERATURE – Literature
that involves love, romance and
pleasure as topics.
3. LIBIDO – The term used in
psychoanalytic theory to