Animal Digestive System

Bird The bill helps them to bite but they don’t chew
like us humans. They swallow the whole food,
if it’s too big, they will break it into smaller
pieces. Saliva makes the food easier to
swallow. The food moves down the
esophagus and into the crops where the food
is stored so it can digest slowly. Then the
food moves to the proventriculus.(It’s the first
part of the stomach.) The food is softened by
the gastric juice, mucus, and digestive juices.
The gizzard breaks the food into smaller
pieces. If it’s tough it goes through the
gizzard several times. Once it’s broken
evenly it goes to the small intestine, where
the liver and pancreas help absorb all the
nutrients. Then the large intestine absorbs
the water and is very short for the birds.

Cow When the cow eats, it chews the food to

swallow it. The unchewed food goes to the
first two stomachs. (The rumen and the
reticulum). That’s where the food is stored
until later. When the cow is full it rests.
Afterward the cow coughs up a bit of
unchewed food to chew fully and swallows it
again. Which is called a cud and then goes to
the third and fourth stomach where it
completely digest.(The omasum and
abomasum.) Some of the digested food goes
into the bloodstream and travels to a bag
called the udder. That’s where the milk is
made and comes out of her teats. Then the
rest goes to the cow’s nourishment. The
small intestine measures about 20 times the
length of the cow. The small intestine
receives the secretions of the pancreas and
the gallbladder, which helps in digestion.
Many nutrients are absorbed in the villi and
into the blood and lymphatic systems. The
absorption of water happens in the large
intestine.
 Snake Their expandable jaws help them prey on
animals large size and swallow them whole.
The glands help moisten the prey for
swallowing. From there it leads to the
esophagus. The snake's esophagus is long
and is half the length of the body. The
stomach is a j-shaped where most of the
digestion occurs. The digestive enzymes and
gastric juices helps breakdown proteins. The
food passes through the pyloric valve and
then to the small intestine. The small intestine
is divided into three regions. The large
intestine is the least muscular and thin-walled
structure of the snake digestive system.

How does the digestive systems of these animals compare to that of a human? Are there more
differences or similarities? Be specific.

The digestive system of these animals compared to the human digestive is that for the cow they
have four stomachs while the humans only have one. For the snake they can open their jaws
widely while for humans you can’t open their jaw widely. For the bird they use their beaks to bite
their food and they don’t chew their food, while for humans we chew our food. There are more
differences than similarities. Some similarities are that they all have esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, and large intestine.

1. Take your own notes under each heading (do not plagiarize)

● What Are Gut Bacteria?

Gut bacteria are living bacteria inside your gut and there are 300 to 500 different kinds of
bacteria. The bacteria contains nearly 2 million genes.

● Gut Bacteria and Disease

Gut Bacteria in healthy people are different from people who have certain diseases. If
they are sick they may have too little or too much. Some types may protect ailments
while others may raise the risk.

● What Can You Do?

 How you can get health bacteria is by eating a nutritious diet. You can start by eating
foods that are high in fiber, for example fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Also
exercise can help by reducing the risk of diseases.

2. Facts about microbine

● Read and take notes on the main ideas

The human body has a trillion tiny organisms called microbes. You have microbine in
your skin which keeps it healthy. People who are overweight have more types of
microbes. Thus can for eating too much fat, sugar, and carbs. The gut microbes can also
be tied to Alzheimer’s disease. There are more than 700 different types of bacteria in
your mouth. There are bacteria that turn sugar into acid. The autoimmune diseases tend
to run in families and they think it may have been passed down through the microbiome.
The microbes in the gut and lungs leads to allergies and asthma. Some types of bacteria
may irritate the intestines. If you are delivered by C- section you are most likely to grow
up having allergies. While this during vaginal delivery get microbiome from their
mother’s. Some antibiotics don’t kill just the harmful bacteria but also your helpful
bacteria. They think microbiome can help the drugs to work better by sending signals to
your immune system. Our diets and antibiotics can change your microbiome. How you
can help your microbiome is by eating high fiber foods such as vegetables, whole grains,
fruit, yogurty, and pickled vegetables. By consuming this you are feeding the helpful
bacteria. You can also improve it by getting enough sleep, easing stress, and exercising.
People that are healthy are usually safe taking probiotics.