WORLD LITERATURE - Eventual performance

LITERA – greek
- Acquaintance with letters LITERARY APPROCHES according to:
- Body of literary productions – oral, written or visual 1. FORMALISTIC/LITERARY
- Containing imaginative language - Rules of literary elements (i.e measure, language etc.)
- Portrays thoughts, emotions & experience 2. MORAL/HUMANISTIC
Associated with: - Connection of man & its nature
 Culture - Ethical goodness or badness
 Values 3. HISTORICAL
 Aesthetic - Reflection & product of the times & circumstances in which
 Imagination it was written
4. SOCIOLOGICAL
LITERARY STANDARDS: - Expressions of man within a given social situation
1. UNIVERSALITY - Discussions on economies
- Should be applicable - Social relevance
- Appeals to everyone (culture, race, sex & time) - Social commitment
2. ARTISTRY - Contemporaneity
- Aesthetic appeal 5. CULTURAL
- Sense of beauty - Manifestation & vehicles of a nation’s or race’s culture &
3. INTELLECTUAL VALUE tradition
- Simulation of critical thinking that enriches mental processes of - One of the most pleasurable ways of appreciation the
abstract reasoning literature of people
- Helps people general realization of life 6. PSYCHOLOGICAL
4. SUGGESTIVENESS - Expressions of personality of inner desires & of neurosis
- Unravels & conjures man’s emotional power to define 7. IMPRESSIONISTIC
symbolisms, nuances, implied meanings, images & messages - Elucidation of reaction – response
5. SPIRITUAL VALUE - Impact of the piece as a whole
- Elevates the spirit & the soul
- Power to motivate & inspire ELEMENTS OF FICTION
- Suggested morals/lessons 1. SETTING
6. PERMANENCE - time, place, local color, setting dialect & customs
- Endures across time
- Timeliness & timelessness 2. CHARACTERS
- Embodiment of human traits - representation of human being in a story
7. STYLE - complex combination of both inner & outer self
- Peculiar way on how man sees life as evidenced by the Characterization – revelation of personality of characters
formation of his ideas, expressions, forms & structures  WAYSOF REVEALING LITERARY CHARACTERS
1. Actions of the Characters
LITERARY MODELS 2. Thoughts of the Characters
1. CULTURAL MODEL 3. Description of the Characters
- Understanding & appreciating culture & various ideologies 4. Description of the other Characters
2. LANGUAGE MODEL 5. Description of the Author
- Promotion of language development (i.e vocabulary & structure)  KINDS OF CHARACTERS
3. PERSONAL GROWTH MODEL 1. According to Principality
- Achievement of lasting pleasure &deep satisfaction in reading a. Protagonist – whom the readers empathizes
b. Antagonist – goes against the main character
CLASSIFICATION OF LITERARURE 2. According to Development
According to Usage (Structure, Form, Genre) a. Dynamic – exhibits noticeable development
1. STRUCTURE b. Static – exhibits no changes/development
a. Fiction – imaginative narration 3. According to Personality
- To entertain or to make the readers think & feel a. Round – displayed different/multiple personality throughout
b. Non-Fiction – real life narration the story
- Exposition based on history b. Flat – reveals conventional traits who remains the same
throughout the story, remains stagnant
- Intellectual appeal to convey facts, theories etc.
2. FORM
3. PLOT
a. Prose – spoken or written
- sequence of events in the story
- Common flow of language
- Arranged and linked by casuality
- Everyday speech patterns
Kinds of Plot
b. Poetry – expressed in verse, measure, rhythm, sound,
i. Linear Plot – Its most with natural sequence of events,
imagination & language
sequential
3. GENRE
ii. Circular Plot – Linear development of the story mergence with
a. Fiction – narrative in prose
an interruption in the chronological order to show an event
- Imagination recreation
iii. En Medias Res – The story commences in the middle part of the
- World of objective reality – physical, action & experience action
- World of subjective reality – focus on thinking
b. Poetry – patterned form of verbal or written expression Parts of a Plot
- Elements: sense, sound, structure 1) Exposition
c. Essay – prose composition - Sets the scene by introducing the situation and setting
- Moderate lengths - Lays out the characters environment, characteristic purposes,
- Tentative exploration, evaluation of a subject, limitations, potentials and assumptions
explanation of Point of View 2) Complication
d. Drama – prose - Start of the major conflict or problem
- Presents stories told in dialogue & action 3) Crisis
 - Establishes curiosity, uncertainty & lesson
- Requires a decision
4) Climax
- Peak of the story which leads to an affirmation, a decision, an
action, or a realization
- Greatest emotional intensity, interest & suspense
5) Denouement
- Finishing up things right after the climax
- Shows the resolution
- Outcome
6) Ending
- Brings the story back to its equilibrium

Literary Devices
1. Flashback
- Interruption of the chronological sequence of a story to go
back to related incident
2. Foreshadowing
- Use of hints/clues to indicate events that will occur later on
the story
- Creates suspense and prepares the reader

4. CONFLICT
- Opposition of persons/ forces in a story that give rise to the
dramatic action in a literary work
Types of Conflict
1) Person vs Person
- One character has a problem with one or two characters
2) Person vs Society
- Conflict or problem with some element of the society (school,
law, etc.)
3) Person vs Self
- Trouble deciding what to do in a particular situation
4) Person vs Nature
- Problem with some natural happening
5) Person vs Fate
- Battle with an uncontrollable problem

5. POV (POINT OF VIEW)

- Determines the narrator of the story (who is telling the story)
Types of POV
1. First Person POV
- The character/narrator tells the story in the “I” voice
- Expression of own views
2. Second Person Omniscient POV
- Narrators tells the story from an all knowing POV
- Narrator sees the mind of all the characters
3. Third Person Limited POV
- aa
4. Third Person Objective POV
- aa
5. Third Person Editorial POV
- aa