RAY OPTICS

Very Short Answer Type Questions

1. a. Write the main characteristics of image formed by convex mirror.
b. What will be the change in focal length of a concave mirror when dipped in
water?
2. a. Write any two differences between regular and irregular (diffused) reflection.
b. What is meant by linear magnification? Write down its formula for spherical
mirror.
3. a. What is parallax?
b. What type of mirror is used in vehicle to observe the traffic at the back?
c. Concave mirror is used for shaving, why?
4. What is reflection? Write the laws of reflection.
5. Show the position, nature and size of image when an object is placed between pole
and focus infront of concave mirror.
6. a. Why there is not dispersion in mirrors?
b. On what factors dispersive power of a prism depends?
7. a. What is scattering of light? Write Rayleigh’s law of scattering. Which colour
scatter more red or blue and why?
Or
What is scattering of light? Explain scattering with the help of theory of
electromagnetic waves.
b. At the time of total solar eclipse Fraunhofer lines are found absent, why?
8. a. Why sky appears blue?
b. Danger signals are always red, why?
c. Sun spears red during the sunrise and sunset, why?
9. Write kinds of spectrum and differentiate between emission and absorption
spectrum.
10. In a transparent medium which colour has maximum speed and which colour has
minimum speed?
11. a. Which type of spectrum of neom lamp.
 b. Name the dark lines found in solar spectrum.
c. What is unit of dispersive power?

12. a. What is the cause of brilliance of diamond?

b. What will be the effect on the focal lengths of a concave mirror and convex lens
when they are immersed in water?
13. a. Can you find out focal length of a concave lens by displacement method?
14. b. In lens two focus points are there, whereas in spherical mirror only one.
15. a. Write down why the stars are seen twinkling at night in the clear sky while the
moon does not?
Or
Write the reason for twinkling of stars.
b. When an object is kept in between optical centre and focus in front of convex lens
draw a ray diagram of image formation.
16. a. The letters of book are magnified if seen through a water filled in fused bulb.
Why?
b. What do you mean by power of lens? Write its formula and its unit.
17. The critical angle of a medium is 450, find out the refractive index of medium.
18. What is meant by magnification of a lens? Write its expression.
19. Give the reason, any lens is dipped into the liquid, then its focal length increases.
Why?
20. Draw ray diagram of image formation when an object is placed at focus of a convex
lens.

21. a. Why there is not dispersion in mirrors?

b. On what factors dispersive power of a prism depends?
22. a. What is scattering of light? Write Rayleigh’s law of scattering. Which colour
scatter more red or blue and why?
Or
What is scattering of light? Explain scattering with the help of theory of
electromagnetic waves.
b. At the time of total solar eclipse Fraunhofer lines are found absent, why?
23. a. Why sky appears blue?
 b. Danger signals are always red, why?
c. Sun spears red during the sunrise and sunset, why?
24. Write kinds of spectrum and differentiate between emission and absorption
spectrum.
25. In a transparent medium which colour has maximum speed and which colour has
minimum speed?
26. a. Which type of spectrum of neom lamp.
b. Name the dark lines found in solar spectrum.
c. What is unit of dispersive power?
27. a. What do you understand by the magnifying power of a microscope?
b. How is the magnifying power of compound microscope increased?
Or
Why the focal length of objective lens of a compound microscope is small?
28. a. What do you understand by the resolving power of telescope?
b. Differentiate between magnifying power and resolving power of the telescope.
29. a. Is it possible that, when a microscope is inverted, it becomes telescope? Give
reason.
b. How the magnifying power of an astronomical telescope is increased?
30. Write similarities and dissimilarities in Astronomical and Galilean telescope.
Or
What are the similarities and dissimilarities between Astronomical telescope and
Galilean telescope.

Short Answer Type Questions

1. Establish the relation between focal length and radius of curvature for spherical
mirror.
Or
Prove for spherical mirror:
R
f 
2
 R
 f  2 
Establish the relation between focal length and radius of curvature for
concave mirror.
2. Define focal length of a spherical mirror. Find out the relation between u, v and f for
spherical mirror.
Or
What are conjugate foci? For any spherical mirror prove that:
1 1 1
 
f u v

Or
Establish the relation amongst u, v and f for concave mirror.
Or
What is mirror formula? Derive mirror formula for spherical mirror.
3. What is principle of reversibility? Explain.
4. In displacement method, the distance between two pins should be greater than four
times that of the focal length of lens, why?
Or
In displacement method the distance between two pins is kept greater than four
times of focal length of convex lens. Why? Why is displacement method better than
u-v method for finding out focal length of a convex lens?
5. What do you mean by total internal reflection? Write its conditions. Prove that
  1/ sin ic , where the physical quantities have their usual meanings.

Or
What is total internal reflection? Write its condition. Establish the relation between
refractive index of the medium and critical angle. On what factors does the critical
angle depend?
Or
Establish the relation between critical angle and refractive index of medium.
6. The critical angle of a medium is 450, find out the refractive index of medium.

7. Write Newton’s formula for focal length of lens and derive it. is it also applicable for
concave lens? Give reason for your answer.
8. Prove for any spherical refracting surface:
 1  1
 
R v u where symbols have their usual meanings.

Or
  1  1
 
Derive an expression v u R showing relation among  , u, v and R for a

concave spherical refracting surface.

Or
Establish refraction formula for spherical surface
1 1 1
 
9. Derive an expression f v u showing relation between u, v and f for a convex
lens.
Or
1 1 1
 
Derive lens formula f v u . Where symbols have their usual meaning.

10. I1 and I2 are the two sizes of images in displacement method in two different
conditions. If size of object is O, so prove that:
O  I1  I 2

Or
Draw ray diagram to find out focal length of convex lens by displacement method
and show that length of object is equal to geometric mean of lengths of images.
11. Draw the ray diagram to find out the focal length of convex lens by displacement
method. Mention the formula used and two specialties of this method.
12. Two thin convex lenses having focal lengths f 1 and f2 respectively are kept in contact.
Describe the method to determine the focal length of the system on the basis of
following points:
i. Labelled ray diagram ii. Derivation of formula used, iii. Two important
precautions
Or
Establish the expression for focal length of combination of two thin lenses kept in
contact.
 w w  g  g  a  1
13. Prove that a

14. Prove for a lens:

1 1 1 
 (   1)   
f  R1 R2 
Or
What is a lens maker formula? Prove it for a thin lens.
 Or
1 1 1
 
Establish the relation v u f for a concave lens.
15. Describe displacement method to determine the focal length of convex lens under
following points:
i. Ray diagram ii. Formula derivation iii. Observation table iv.
Precautions Any Two
Or
Describe the displacement method to determine the focal length of convex lens on
the following points:
i. Ray diagram ii. Principle and formula derivation.
Or
Determine the formula used in finding the focal length of a convex lens by
displacement method.
16. Establish relation between real and apparent depth.
17. Define dispersive power and prove that it does not depend on prism angle.
18. What are the differences between real spectrum and virtual spectrum?
19. What are Fraunhofer lines? What is the cause of these lines in solar spectrum? Write
their uses.
Or
On the basis of Kirchhoff’s law of selective absorption explain the origin of
Fraunhofer lines in solar spectrum.
20. Establish the expression for finding the refractive index of material of a prism.
21. Define angular dispersion and obtain its formula.

22. Describe deviation without dispersion under following heads:

i. Ray diagram ii. Conditions iii. Expression for resultant
deviation
Or
Derive relation between the angle of prism for deviation without dispersion and
find resultant deviations.
Or
 Draw the ray diagram of the combination of prisms for deviation without dispersion
and establish the expression for resultant deviation.
23. Describe dispersion without deviation under following heads:
i. Ray diagram ii. Conditions iii. Expression for resultant
dispersion.
Or
What is meant by Dispersion without deviation? Also calculate the resultant
dispersion.
Or
Establish the relationship between the angle of prism to obtain dispersion without
deviation by combination of prism.
24. What is pure spectrum? Explain the conditions for obtaining pure spectrum by a
prism with the help of ray diagram.

25. Draw a labeled diagram of astronomical telescope and write the formula for
magnifying power when the image is formed at:
i. Infinity ii. Least distance of distinct vision
Or
Describe astronomical telescope under the following heads:
i. Ray diagram for formation of image.
ii. Derive expression of magnifying power when image is formed at distance D.
Or
Derive the expression for magnification of an astronomical telescope and draw ray
diagram.
26. Describe terrestrial telescope on following heads:
i. Ray diagram
ii. Derivation of formula for magnifying when image is formed at
a. Least distance of distinct vision
b. Infinity
Or
Describe terrestrial telescope on following heads:
27. What is an electron microscope? Explain its construction and principle.
28. Explain simple microscope on the basis of following points:
 i. Ray diagram for the formation of image.
ii. Expression for magnification power when the final image is formed
a. At the least distance of distinct vision
b. At infinity.
Or
Draw the ray diagram of microscope and derive the formula for
the magnification power.
29. Write about the compound microscope on following heads:
i. Ray diagram ii. Calculation of magnification.
Or
Describe the compound microscope under the following headings:
i. Ray diagram for formation of image.
ii. Derive expression for magnifying power when image is formed at distance D.
iii. Condition for greater magnification.
Or
Draw a labeled diagram of compound microscope and derive the expression for
magnifying power when the final image is formed at least distance of distinct vision
D. what will be the length of the microscope tube in this case?
30. Draw a labeled ray diagram of Galilean telescope and derive the expression for
magnifying power, when the final image is formed at least distance of distinct vision
D. What will be the length of the telescope tube in this case?