DIN 17021-1 ENglish Translate Must Refine

1/24/2020 Material selection
Page 1
DK 621.785: 669.14: 539.54 GERMAN STANDARDS February 1976
Heat treatment of ferrous materials

DIN
Material selection
Steel selection based on the hardenability
17 021
Part 1
Heat treatment of iron and steel; material selection;

steel selection according to hardenability
Traitement thermique de metaux ferreux; Selection de metaux;
Selection d'acier selon! 'Aptitude de prendre la trempe
contents
page page
1 scope . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1 4.1 Ma.Binder, delay and scoring. , , 3

2 terms . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1 4.2 Effect of the coolant. , , , , , , , , , 3
2.1 Hard. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1 4.3 Influence / 3 of the tempering event. , , 3
2.2 Starting ..................... 1 4.3.1 General information ............ 3
2.3 Vergtiten ..................... 1 4.3.2 Signs of embrittlement. , , , , , , 4
2.4 hardenability. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2 5 Steel selection. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 4
2.4.1 Hardenability. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2 5.1 Relationship between the cooling
2.4.2 Hardness ................ 2 lungs in the forehead quenching
2. 5 Hartung. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , · 2 sample and in work pieces .......... 4
>
2.5.1 Hardening .................. 2
..
5.1.1 Basics. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 4
2. 5. 2 hardening. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2 5.1.2 Relationship between the
.,
:
C:
2.6 depth of hardening. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2
E 0 cooling process of test specimens
z 2. 7 cooling process. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2 and the forehead quench test ...... 4
2.8 cooling rate. , , , , , , , , 2 5. 2 relationship between the hard and
3 Fundamentals of hardenability . , , , , , , 2 other mechanical properties
3.1 Hardenability. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 2 at room temperature . , , , , , , , , , , , , 4
3. 2 influence / 3 of the alloying elements. , , , , , 2 5.3 Examples of steel selection. , , , , , , 5
3.3 Checking the hardenability. , , , , , , , , , , , 2 5.3.1 Selection via cooling ....... 5
4 single-size groups when selecting the steel. , , , , 3 5.3.2 Selection based on operational tests .... 8
1 scope On the way, the steel selection due to the shepherd

This standard gives an indication for the selection of steel time zti. may take a number
grades for workpieces that are too hard or forgiven. to take into account other properties, u. a. machinable
The instructions apply mainly to steels, for Availability, formability, availability, permanent vibration
according to the standards, a test of hardness in the forehead strength, carburizing behavior, strength, conditioning
quenching attempt (see DIN 50191) is provided, hold.
~
namely for the alloyed steel The cost can also be a decisive factor
:
C: DIN 1 7 200, the alloyed steels according to DIN 1 7 210, procurement and warehousing.
i· ;; the alloyed steels for flame and induction hardness
~ (Boundary layer capping) according to DIN 17 212 as well as 2 terms
:; I, if for other steels, for the hardenability behavior
:
The terms given in this section are
/L is sufficiently precisely verified in the forehead quenching test.
:
speaking DIN 17 014 part 1, edition March 1975, defi-
"' These are primarily the alloyed steels according to the
~
ned.
" :, equal cash standards and ISO standards, which, for. B. in
"' d the German standards specified above 2.1 Hard: austenitizing and cooling with such
" :, can be. The standard also applies to nitriding steels Speed, dall in more or less rumbling
-0
~ DIN 17 211. range of the cross-section of a workpiece
""' z This standard does not apply to steel selection hard increase due to the formation of martensite.
due to the expected depth of engagement or
sentence depth according to boundary layer hardship or operational 2.2 Annealing: heating a hardened workpiece
cattle, for those with very little incarceration, above all to a temperature between room temperature and Ac 1
unalloyed steel, and not for a selection of steel and maintaining this temperature with the following
appropriate cooling.
for conversion in the bainite stage.
https://translate.googleusercontent.com/translate_f 1/11
Tools are alsoregarding
other criteria expresslythe
excluded
steel selection 2.3 Vergiiten: Hard and then tempering in the upper
possible temperature range to achieve good speed
The most important factors are hardness. speed for a given tensile strength.
Continued on pages 2 to 10
Explanations page 10
Technical standards committee / 3 heat treatment technology of metallic materials (FW)

in the DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V.
Exclusive sale of the standards by Beuth Verlag GmbH, Berlin 30 and Koln I
DIN 17021 part 1 Feb 1976 price gr. 7
07.92 Vertr. no. 0007
Page 2
Page 2 DIN 17 021 part 1
2.4 Guardability 70 ~ - ~ - ~ - ~ - ~ - ~ - ~ - ~
Term representing the chargeability and hardenability HRC
To summarize: A used procedure for checking
60f --- t --- t --- t - ::: i "l" 1r1J ~ t ---- t -----.
The hardenability is the forehead quenching test
(see DIN 50 191).
2.4.1 Diffusibility: In a material by hardness

under optimal conditions e rr eichba r highest e 2
Hardness. : 0 40
I
% Martensite content
2.4.2 Hardness: In one material by hardness
30
largest achievable under optimal conditions
Einhartungstiefe.
20
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 % by weight 0.6
2.5 Hartung: achieved by hardening in a work style
Carbon content ---
State of increased hardness.
Figure 1. Relationship between hardness of quenching,
2.5.1 Refinement: Hochstein based on a work style Carbon content and martensite content of hardened,
a hard one (under the respective conditions) alloyed and unalloyed steel (according to Hodge /
reached Harte. Orehoski, Trans.AIME, 167, 627, 1946)
2.5.2 Hardening: hardening with regard to the

70
captured cross-sectional area of a work piece Wt. ¾C
and the hard course. A measure of the hardness is that HRC 0.6
Einhartungstiefe. 60 0.5
0.4
2.6 Raising depth: vertical distance from the t 50
-
a, 0.3
Surface of a hardened work style up to the
Point at which the hardness is appropriately fixed
:a L. 0.2
I
*) value corresponds. 40
2. 7 cooling process
Respective temperature distribution in a Werkstilck 50 60 70 80 90 % 100
during a cooling depending on the time. Martensite content ---
Note: in a narrower sense, cooling Figure 2. Relationship between quenching hardness,
run a set of cooling curves for Carbon content and martensite content of hardened,
different parts of a workpiece. alloyed and unalloyed steel (according to Hodge /
Orehoski, Trans.AIME, 167, 627, 1946)
2.8 cooling rate
Time-related temperature decrease for a specific one 3.2 Influence of the alloying elements
Point or a specific area of a cooling Essentially determine the type and amount of
Curve. with dissolved alloy elements, as well as the dissolved carbon
A nm detection: The cooling process is dependent Oil and the cooling process the hardening. With
of the heat transfer number caused by the material increasing proportion of the alloying elements
and the coolant is given and the material the hardening effect increases. The most effective alloy
own temperature control number. For the in section 1.1 The elements are manganese, chromium and molybdenum.
listed steels differ the temperature Should an almost uniform course of hardness
guide numbers only a little.
the cross section can be reached, so when hard is under
same cooling conditions of certain min
least cross-sections to the use of alloyed - instead
3 Fundamentals of hardenability
unalloyed - steel necessary.
3.1 Training ability A nm detection: B. a hardness until
For the purposes of this standard, the Aufuartbarkeit depends, d. H. the Kern demands that unalloyed steel be used
Greatest hardness attainable from that in austenite only up to diameters of about 20 mm in consideration
Share of the carbon content of the bar. The amount come.
of the dissolved part is due to the austenitizing The larger the cross section of a component and the
conditions determined. The more the hardness should be over the same, the more
The relationships between those in austenite are solved the proportion must be more suitable - in austenite in solution
Carbon content and that after quenching in to be brought - be alloying elements. At same
Dependence on the hardness attainable by martensite The hardness requirements of the carbon
for alloyed and unalloyed steels are shown in Fig. 1 and content of alloyed steels lower than that of unalloyed
Figure 2 shown. be greedy steels; the hardenability is then
The expansion achieved in the Werkstilck is also different from the lower.
Reparability also from the cooling conditions
dependent. 3.3 Checking the hardenability
In general, the hardenability is determined by the
experiment determined according to DIN 50 191 and in the form of
*) For determination of the hardness depth, see DIN 50 190 Face-to-face curves shown. In this test
Part 2. is a sample after austenitizing in a suitable
Page 3
DIN 17 021 Tell 1 page 3
Neten device only from the lower vocal surface The faster the cooling of hard temperature and the more
with a jet of water under constant the work style is more varied, the more unfavorable
Conditions deterred. The cooling rate tensions affect each other.
speed increases with the distance from the quenched Slower cooling can reduce
Flat. It is determined by the length of time between Tensions arise. Then the hardenability of the
800 and 500 ° C marked (see picture 3). Stables no longer meet the required properties
To achieve this, a steel with higher hardness must be used.
I QI
..c be det.
O'l, g
QI
-g ;; :: 60 t ---- + ----- + - + ---- t ---, 1 <.. '

C 4.2 Effect of the coolant
w ~ mm The heat withdrawal during hardening is the same for steels
and dimensions determined by the Abktihlmittel.
! ---- + ----- + --- V "'
CC
-o V> 40
Its characteristics, the temperature and a prescient
liJw ---- ~~~ - + --- + - ~

Movement of either the cooling agent and / or the
.... L. correcting tells influence the cooling. accordingly
<I)
.0 u
..c The moderation, the delay can also speak
<( <I) 0 ll: C ... - '----' ---- '--- _, _ _ __, ____, and the risk of rit3 be different in individual cases.
0 40 80 120 160 s 200
The Abktihlmittel differ in the Abktihl-
Cooling down time from 800 to 500 ° C --- in the temperature range important for the hard
Figure 3. Relationship between length of stay and areas.
Forehead distance from stimulus quenching samples Of the commonly used remedies
transforming steel (after A. Rose, Atlas zur the slowest in air, the fastest in water
Heat treatment of steel, volume 1 and lung reached. In between, the cooling lies in t> len
H. Brandis / H. End of price, the cooling behavior or molten salt, depending on the physical properties
in forehead quenching samples, strips, sheets; Tube, , properties (e.g. viscosity, special screens, heat conductivity
0kt. 1963) ness).
When measuring the hardness along the sample jacket 4.3 Influence of tempering when casting
flat hardness generally results in falling 4.3.1 General information
values. Their course characterizes the hardenability. Fiir The effect of tempering on property reduction
Steels that are to be tested in the quenching attempt conditions, increase in toughness, elongation at break and fracture
are suitable in this way according to the constriction and decrease in hardness, tensile strength
Scattering of the melts and yield strength depends on the tempering temperature and
Set up the conveyor belt, example see picture 4. duration. Both influence groups are within certain limits
interchangeable. Solien steel to the same hardness or strength
alloyed steels
normally higher starting temperatures than the
alloyed steels. Notes are in the Anlaf3 diagrams
50
can be seen (see e.g. DIN 17 200). By one of the
t
heat treatment adapted to the respective application
may differ from the specifications of the standard
.... L. 40 ______ ,. / soft mechanical values can be achieved.
:O
I From the hardness required after starting and under
Taking into account the
taking the hard values against the quenched
Condition is shown in Figure 5 before cranking
10 20 30 40 50 mm 60 required quenching.
Distance from the ____
frightened forehead started
600 ° C 60min
60 .--- r - 'c-- ~~~~ --- -. ~
Fig. 4. Hardness spreading tape for the steel 34 CrMo 4
according to DIN 17 200 HRC
55
4 Influences in steel selection

4.1 Mild relief, delay and danger of ritual 2
t 5Q, -----, - v
~ Relief and delay, for terms see DIN 17 014 : o 45

..c
r ----- r - v
.: £
Part 1. ~ 40
When deciding which steel due to the hard L.
..c
availability for a given component, ~ 35
are also the aspects of .0
<(
train as well as the RIB risk. Default and RIB 30t - " '---'- + -" - "-' YL -'-'- '+ ----'-- = +' ---" - i "-" -'- ~
through the cross-section
various volume reductions during hard 25
fluBt. For optimal coordination of component shape, 15 20 25 30 35 40HRC45
Dimensional mitigation, warpage, RIB risk and steel Anlanharte ----

Trials are required. Figure 5. Relationship between the hardness before and after
Decisive for the size of the delay and for the Rit3- · after tempering steel
the distribution and the hard are dangerous DIN 17 200 (according to unpublished documents
Large residual stresses. H. Brandis)
Page 4
Page 4 DIN 1 7 021 part 1
, 4.3.2 Signs of embrittlement The cooling of the forehead also shows a similar course of cooling.
It should be noted that when starting at different shock test. Leave with sufficient accuracy
Stealing an embrittlement can occur if certain parts or areas of a component
do not allow certain temperature ranges to be avoided. certain places on the surface of the stimulus
This embrittlement is particularly important in the case of sudden Shock test with the same cooling rate
component stress and is preferred organize. The same hard values result at these points.
demonstrated in the impact test. Because of this simple connection
A distinction is made between a temperature range Hard runs of quenched components and parts
about 300 ° C (called "300 degree embrittlement") and quenching samples from the same steel to each other
one between 350 and 550 ° C ("starting brittleness" Relationship. Is the cooling process on
called). known parts of the component, so there can
to expected hardness of the results using the Stirnab-
To avoid embrittlement at 300 ° C, mog-
attempted startle can be predicted.
Least tempered in the range of 250 to 350 ° C.
become. 5.1.2 Relationship between the course of the payroll
The starting embrittlement occurs particularly with Mn, Cr, MnCr, of test bodies and the voice quench test
CrV and CrNi alloyed steels, if these after The relationship between the cooling process
be cooled slowly before tempering above 600 ° C in the edge and core of cylindrical components up to 100 mm
or when tempering between 350 and 550 ° C. The Diameter in water and 61 and the cooling cooling
Embrittlement can be reduced by low Figures 6 and 7 show the forehead quenching test.
Phosphorus levels, use of steel with Conversions are possible for other cross sections
Molybdiin up to about 0.6 wt .-% are alloyed or by (see: VDI Wiirmeatlas, calculation sheet for
rapid cooling after starting above the Warmelibergang, VDI-Verlag Dlisseldorf, 1963).
600 ° C. The scatter bands shown in Figures 6 and 7
Up to now only approximate among the specified
5 Steel selection quenching conditions for the quenching of
5.1 Relationship between the payment processes Einzelstlicken. In practice, if individual parts are not
in the forehead quenching test and in ticks but several parts are quenched at the same time
5.1.1 Basics further corrections necessary.
If a workpiece is removed from the austenitizing temperature

terrified, so one of his form and his 5.2 Relationship between the hard and others
Dimensions and the effect of the quenching agent mechanical properties at room temperature
dependent course of cooling on the various With increasing hardness tensile strength, yield strength
Set the part. and 0.2 limit too, as shown in Figures 8 and 9
Upper floe he
(1.5mm edge distance)
mm
1L
60
3l
l3
e
~ 40
:
"'O
-
.D
C
"'O 1/1
C
::,
a = 20
0 - =:;, _.....___... J ......... L. ---'-, L _.....___... J ..... ..... L .--- LL -... L .......... L _... J .-- L .__; L ..._ .., 1 .._ ~ ...... L .-- L .__ jL-.l - .. l -....... L ...... L .-- 1-l -.... J
0 5 10 15 20 mm 25
Distance from the quenched face
Figure 6. Relationship between steel round quenched samples and the

quenching test (according to A. Rose, Atlas for the heat treatment of steel, Volume 1 and H. Brandis /
H. Preisendanz, The cooling behavior in forehead quenching samples, strips, sheets, tubes,
0kt. 1963)
Page 5
DIN 17 021 Tell 1 page 5
ai
l /)
l /)
a,
e
..c
u
= i 40 l --- + --- + --- + - 1 --- + --- + ----. <
"O
.0
0
vi
"O
C
:
a :: 2 0 t - + - + --- r ..
5 10 15 20 mm 25
Distance from the quenched forehead ----
Figure 7. Relationship between round steel quenched in 01 and the face quenching
sample (after A. Rose, Atlas for the heat treatment of steel, Volume 1 and H. Brandis / H.
danz, The cooling behavior in forehead quenching samples, strips, sheets, tubes, oct. 1963)
is. The information in Figure 9 for the 0.2 limit only applies 5.3 Examples of steel selection *)
under the condition that in the observation cross-section 5.3.1 Selection about cooling
there is at least 50 % martensite.
The procedure described below gives sufficient
Note: Further relationships, e.g. B. between Accurate reference values, whereby section 5.1.2
elongation, notched impact strength, fatigue note is. For the examples below were
strength and hardness are possible, can be reduced the mean values of the respective scatter ranges are used.
the documents available today, however, not for everyone
Secure numbers of chairs. On their reproduction example 1
is therefore omitted at this point. Task:
Hi: irte ----- The surface hardness of a component should be
20.3 30 40 50 60 HRC 68 allow at least 40 HRC. Can one of them
I I I
of the two steels 41 Cr 4 or

46 Cr 2 can be used?
3000
I/
Hints:
N / mm 2
2500 /
V The cross section of the part can be a shaft with 40 mm
Diameters are equated. For reasons of delay
must not be quenched in water.
V Losungsweg:
2000 / It has to be checked whether the hardenability of the two steels

sufficient for a shaft with a diameter of 40 mm
1500 /
/ and quenching in 61 to the required surface
hard to come.
From Figure 10 results FTIR fi.ir a 40 mm round bar
/ 1.5 mm edge distance after quenching in <:> l die
....
] 1000 I/ same cooling rate as in the place of the
Forehead quenching test at a distance of 9.5 mm from the
/
s
~ deterrent. Because the wave should have ~ 40 HRC, 13
a, be checked which steel is at the lower limit of the
oi / Scatterability tape the point 40 HRC at 9.5 mm
v
: 500
N
Forehead distance included.
*) For reasons of economy, always check

200 400 600 800 HV 1000
whether it is already available in the appropriate dimensions in the factory
Hardness existing steels for the intended case
Figure 8. Relationship between tensile strength and have sufficient hardenability. It is u. U.
Hardness of steel cheaper a more expensive, but in the factory
Note: Figure 8 was based on the to use existing steel as the storage
Draft DIN 50150 edition July 1975 created. attitude to expand by an additional steel.
Page 6
Page 6 DIN 17 021 Part 1
I a,
N
N / mm '
1200 > ---- + ---- - + ----- + ------- r.
C
Q)
L ..
0
N
d
"3: 1000 > --- t ---------, t ---
N
.J :: J
Q)
. ::: £
0)
vi
~ 800
0)
::,
N
600
20 25 30 35 40 HRC 45
Heard----
Figure 9. Relationship between tensile strength, 0.2 limit and hardness for steel (after
E. Houdremont, Handbook of Special Steel Science)
For the existing steel 46 Cr 2 was at

t 80 1 ---------- 1 -----! ------ l -----., C ...-! ---- ~ the entrance control the hardenability after the
attempted deterrence and various deliveries
.._ mm
(I)
gave the scatter band in picture 11.
:: l 60
(I)
Draw the point 40 HRC at 9.5mm in Figure 11
e Distance, it shows that not all deliveries
.c
~ @ 1 ------ + ------ ~ --- 7 "'- + --- + --- t ---- i this hardenability requirement was met.
::,
-0
.J :: J
0 Result:
vi 20 1 --- ~, j! C - ,, c .._- H ----- + ----- + ----- + ---- i
-0
The steel can therefore be hardened too little
C
::, 46 Cr 2 cannot be used.
a ::
DIN 17 200 shows that steel 41 Cr4
00 5 15 20 mm 25 the point 40 HRC / 9.5 mm below the hardenability
Abstond from the frightened forehead-
Figure 10. Relationship between quenched in 61

60,., ...,. = --- r --.-----, ---.------,
Round samples made of steel and the
sample (mean value curves of the HRC
provided scatter bands) 50
50, ---- ~ - ~ - ~ - ~
@-
HRC
50
t
2 30 f ---- tf-- ~ v
L ..
:O
1 @ ~ " '4 \ --- f ---- --- + 1 I
201 ---- 1 ---- + --- + --- + 4 - '= - <,
...
:O
I 30
200 0
@ 10 20 30 mm 40 o @ 10 20 30 40 mm 50
Distance from the __ Abstond from the __
frightened forehead startled face
Fig. 11 Fig. 12. Scatterability band for 41 Cr4 steel

Deliveries of steel 46 Cr 2 (according to DIN 17 200)
Page 7
DIN 17 021 part 1 page 7
scatter band. This ensures that the hardenability This hardness must be at the core of the workpiece after the
of this steel is sufficient to meet the demand giiten are present. By tempering after hard
touch (see picture 12). the quench hardness value decreases. Since the
For reasons of economy, it must be checked whether or not Anla / 3harte 23 HRC should be, 13 for the other
an edge layer hardening can be carried out; The quenching hardness can be determined during the
then the steel 46 Cr 2 could be used. Figure 14 shows a system temperature of
Example 2: 600 ° C and a hardness of 23 HRC a medium one
Hardness of 38 HRC.
Task:
To reach 38HRC at 50% martensite is after
A stepped cylindrical shaft with 40 mm diameter
Figure 15 requires a minimum C content of "" "0.32% by weight.
knife at the critical point should be at a yield point
sary.
a 5 ~ 720N / mm 2 can be coated in the core.
Hints:
In order to keep the risk of creasing as low as possible and
ren default due to high postprocessing costs
Avoiding part should be quenched in C> l. Because
the part is subjected to impact 13 is a high number
required. This should be done by tempering at 600 ° C
can be achieved.
Based on empirical values, it can be assumed
due to the fact that a
core content of at least 50% martensite
is sufficient.
Losungsweg:
~ The yield point indicates the solution path
the most stressed place. Is not a pronounced one Figure 15. Relationship between hardness of quenching,
Yield point, the 0.2 limit is used instead Carbon content and martensite content hardened
applies. Stahle (after Hodge / Orehoski, Trans. AIME,
From Figure 13 can FILR a 0.2-limit = 720 N / mm 2 a 167, 627, 1946)
corresponding hardness of 23 HRC can be taken.
From picture 16 you can see cooling in m, according to the

1400 > - f ---- + --- + --- + ---- + - ,, ~ - Relationships between component cross-section and necessary
t ~
N / mm 2
1200 1 - + ---- + ---- f ---- ', --- + ,; <-, j <---- + -
hardness, for the core of a round sample
40 mm diameter an associated front distance of
.... C
13 mm can be removed. That means da / 3 in 13 mm
· A; ~ Distance from the quench end of the forehead quench test
"5i
·- I
(!) 1000 I --- + --- + ----- ~ -----., _, ._-- + --- + - the cooling rate is the same as in
1n <"'! Core of a round specimen with a diameter of 40 mm, which in
a, 0
C> l is quenched.
oi
:, N
3: 8001 - t "" "- t -. ::, .-" '--- l ------- ---------- j ---- t- j
ND
@ · I - + ----
600 ~~~ - ~ - ~ - ~ - ~
20 @) 25 30 35 40 HRC 45 t 80f ---- + ---- + - + -: r - + - ~
.._ mm
Hardness-- a,
Figure 13. Relationship between tensile strength, ~ 60
a,
0.2 limit and hardness for steel (average
e
Curves of the scattering band shown in Figure 9) ..c
~ @ 1 ------ + - 7 "+ - <-: A '' - t ---- t --- i --- i
:
-0
.D
0
ui 20 1 ------ ,,! C - ,,; £ --- + - + - + --- + ---- + ---- l
-0
C
:
a ::
00 5 10 @ 15 20 mm 25
2
:..c o 45 t ---- + - + l - + --- # '1 --- + --- i
Distance from the deterrent ---
~
u Fig. 16 .. Relationship between quenched in C> l

Round samples made of steel and the forehead quenching
~ @ - + -. sample (mean value curves of the
~3 5 l ---- + - + 'f - + -----, 4 - + ->, ---- + -,
.D
provided scatter bands)
<L:
30t --- + - + - P - + --'-- = - f '' --''-- --'' F - '-'- 1
25 Accordingly, the hardenability spread

15 20 @ 30 35 40HRC45
strips of different steels with a carbon content
Anlaflharte ---
of G 0.32% by weight of C was then examined to determine whether the
Figure 14. Relationship between the hardness in front and lower hardenability curve above point 38 HRC,
after draining while casting steel 13 mm distance from the forehead. Only this steel is included
according to DIN 17 200 (mean value curves of the in Ensure safety the required minimum values
Fig. 5 scatter band shown). (Photo 17).
Page 8
Page 8 DIN 1 7 021 part 1
5.3.2 Selection based on operational tests

If it is impossible or too difficult, sufficiently secure
HRC Relationships between cooling processes in the component
and the voice quench test according to the pictures
6 or 7 and according to section 3.3.1
procedure is the procedure described below
apply.
1 '° ~~ ---- + --------- +

Q_§) f --------- +, - "O"
Example 3:
Task:
2c ... A component should at its critical cross section in the
:O
Core have a tensile strength of oB ~ 950 N / mm 2.
::: c
The surface hardness should be ~ 37 HRC. Can too
for this purpose the steel 38 Cr 2 in use
be used?
, Additional conditions:
For reasons of stress, compensation should be included
Tempering must be carried out at at least 500 ° C.
Adoption:
Distance from the quenched forehead
The compensation used in operation for other parts
Fig. 1 7. Availability scatter band for the steel 41 Cr 4 steel 38 Cr 2 is available in a dimension from which
according to DIN 17 200 Test samples according to the intended part
can be manufactured. The forehead deterrent curve
Result: for the 38 Cr 2 is available. It is also known under which
In the present case, this applies e.g. B. for the steel 41 Cr4 conditions the intended product parts later
closed, while the steel 34 CrMo 4 (see Fig. 4) only then to be compensated (batch size, heating and
would be considered if agreed with the supplier Holding period, deterrence, etc.).
wi.irde, according to DIN 17 200, only steel melts to be delivered Losungsweg:
far, the availability of which the upper two thirds of the
Figure 20 shows a tensile strength of
Scatter band corresponds.
oB = 950N / mm2 a corresponding hardness of
Is it possible, instead of 01, in a rugged-looking 28 HRC are taken. This hardness has to go
Means to discourage it, would this make the availability
There is compensation in the core of the part.
considerably. From picture 18 we get
horror in water, analogous to Figure 16, a distance from the forehead Image 21 is a fiir AnlaBharte of 28 HRC in the core
of 10mm for the core with a round rod of 40mm or 37 HRC on the surface a quench hardness of
Diameter. Then z. B. the steel 34 Cr Mo 4 34 HRC in the core or 48 HRC on the surface
be used. take if tempered to 500 ° C
shall be.
38 Cr 2 is made from the existing poisoning steel
ta; (1.5mm edge

SO , -..-- hl "" Obert I ache - + ---- + -,., C .....--- t--;
mm distance)
one or more pieces made and under the previous
seen operating conditions. To the
Operating conditions can be met with sufficient accuracy
~ 60 1 ---- 1 --- + ---- l ------- ,,. '°' C "- t ---- + ----,
a, it may be necessary to fill the batch with "blind" parts
e aufzufiillen.
.i :::.
~ @, __-- + - + --- 1- ¥ '--- + ----- t -------- i ------ l
it
"O
.Q
tL
t
0
ui 20 t --- 1-- ~~ ----- + ---- + --- 1 ------; ------, mm2
"O
c ... 1200 ~
C
::, 1400
: C: a,
.i :::. N
a :: u
00 @) UI 1000 C:
...
1
5 15 20 mm 25 C:
QI
Cl
Distance from the deterrent - QI
.i :::. ::.:
u :. ::
Figure 18. Relationship between quenched in water
u:
... 80 800 QI ... t,
~a, s
--
(/)
al
round samples of steel and the front % cl
@
,0 . ::.: C:
quenching test (mean curves of the in ~ .Ql: o
Cl 60 600 f, () () ..c. -.
Fig. 6 shown spreading band). C: : 0 C:
: a, N a,
C: ::.: Cl .Q
..c. 40 400 cl nm
Using the compensation or schedule diagram for the a,
ui cm2 ..c.
_Q a. e
-
"O u,
Steel 41 Cr 4 (Fig. 19) can be checked whether the .i :::. a,
-e>
u UI :: f:
F conveyance o 5 s ;;;; 7 20 N / mm 2 is satisfied.
Note: In the heat treatment instruction al
... 20 200
:
cl
N
: 200
::. ::: _
QIO
OK
(WBA) or in the production plan must include the following information:
hardened and tempered
Kernharte s ;;;; 23 HRC
0 350 400 500 @ 0 c 700
tempered 600 ° C System temperature ----
Quenching hard s ;;;; 38 HRC Fig. 19. Starting diagram for the steel 41 Cr4 (from the
be included. Steel manufacturer's catalog XY)
Page 9
DIN 17 021 part 1 page 9
50
1400
t (1)
N
N / mm 2
1200
45
HRC \ \ measured,
-c
·- (1)
Stirnobschreck Curve Casee
(1) L.
40
"5P 1000
·-
-N
1/)
<1> 0
I
•
@ t
2
35 \
I \\
0:, N\ 3'800 L.
NO :a
I
30
600 20 2 no \ 5 @, 30 35 40 HRC 45 [\ ._
Hard ---
Figure 20. Relationship between tensile strength,
25 "---- r--
0.2 limit and hardness for steel (mean
Curves of the scattering band shown in Figure 9 ) 5 10 15 20 mm 25
Abstond from the above ___
ongelossen
frightened forehead
60
HRC
600 ~ C 60min
- ··
- ~~ - ~-~-~ Figure 23. Measured forehead quenching curve for one
Batch of steel 38 Cr 2
55
t 50
2 @, __- + --- + - + - + -----....
a straight line connected to each other. It turns out
out that the required hard values on the test part
: o 45
..c
t --- + --- + t - t ----. 'l - + --- + ----- 1 have not been reached.
~
In Figure 23 is the forehead quench curve for the steel
~4 0 ~ - + ----- j '- +
38 Cr 2 recorded for the batch
L.
..c which the test sample parts were made.
~ 35
Due to the relationship between the component and
~ ® --- ++ - + - <I Face-to-face curve for places with the same cooling
30i-- ~ - + '--- ---- i -'- tl + --- r' ---'---,
speed that lead to the same hard values,
can now point by point the necessary forehead distance hard
25
15 20 25 @) 30 35 @ 40HRC45 Curve for the required hardness curve
the. To do this, proceed as follows (see Figure 24):
Anlanharte--
a) For an arbitrary edge distance of the component
Image 21. Relationship between the hard before and the associated hardness values in the two hardness
after tempering steel curves in Fig. 24 (left part) and
according to DIN 1 7 200 (mean value curves of the in projected right to the right (projection lines c 1, c ~,
Figure 5 spreading band shown) c 2, c ~) to the intersection with the face-to-face curve
the sample stain (intersection H ~, H ~.
b) On the abscissa of the right partial image,
HRC the front distance-hard curve of the sample style the
so ~ - + ---- + ---- + ---- < read the forehead distances that the same cooling
@, the required have the same speed as the corresponding ones
45 1 ----'-- .., ... ,, L ' Hi: irtever I out - + ----- < Places on the edge and in the core of the component.
c) Now you lengthen through these forehead distances
and the intersections H ~ and H ~ leading vertical
t 40 Straight lines up to the intersection with the projection lines c 1
and c 2 (intersection H 1 and H 2). These intersections
represent two points of the sought distance-hard-
Curve with which the requirements are met
become.
30 d) In order to get the required forehead clearance-harte curve more precisely
to draw, it may be necessary to add further points
draw, which one analogously to the single
can set steps.
201 ---- ---- + --- + ~ ------ 1 Result:

The hardness of the steel is sufficient for the task
------- ------- r les 38 Cr 2 not enough to meet the required hardness
to allow. By comparing the found
Abstond from the surface: iche ---
Face-to-face curve with the z. B. in DIN 17 200
Fig. 22. P: curve curves The steel can be removed from the hardenability spreading tapes
find, whose lower curve of the scatter band with the
At the location that is responsible for the stress constructed curve is almost identical. For the
the hard curve determines the cross section and chosen example, if this were, among other possibilities,
graphically, as shown in Figure 22. In the same for the steel 41 Cr4. However, it should be noted
Representation will be those required after the hard that this steel because of the risk of starting embrittlement
Surface and core hardness values entered and by (see Section 4.3.2) in Anwendungsfiillen, in which
Page 10
Page 10 DIN 17 021 Part 1
high toughness values are required, not as in the AnlaBtemperatur. Then repetition of the solution
game, can be started at 500 ° C. Remedy: e.g. B. total, starting with the search for the deterrent hard
Use the 42 CrMo4 stable or increase the Values from Figure 21.
HRC HRC
50f ---- f ---- t ----- t ----- 501 ---- + ---- --- l 1 - + -
@ required ~
4 5 i ----_ :: ,,,,,,,, 1 --- ,, <C (wanted) 7
Stirnobschreck-
Curve
t 40
2 351 ----- + ->, ---- + ---- + - ~ ..., ....,

~@
30
201 ---- + ---- + --- ~ --....,

5 10 15 mm20
0,25r
Abstond from the above __
O, Sr frightened forehead
i- - - - - - - r - - - - - - - - - i
Abstond from the surface: iche ---
Figure 24. Drawing determination of the hardness sought
Explanations
The desired usage properties of a so that it can also be used for other than
Only then will heat treatment be used to treat stilckes given start-up treatments can be used.
achieved with certainty when the work used Figures 6 and 7 (section 5.1.2) only show that
material suitable for the intended treatment Relationships for cooling in • l or water and
selection of materials for workpieces that are hardened or hardened Round samples. Additional work is required
in addition to economic and manufacturing for the connections to other cross-sections,
technical aspects especially the hardenability further, more specifically identified coolant and
to take into account. -Expand conditions, or appropriate corrections-
For the steel selection due to the hardenability are in ture factors to indicate all in the operational
different publications different ways conditions that occur in practice.
been proposed. In the present standard, for the With the current status of the work,
by a specialist committee of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Warmme- wu ~ t on the inclusion of further connections
treatment and materials technology (AWT) between hardness and other usage properties
has been worked out, a such as fatigue strength, impact strength, fracture
technical procedure proposed. elongation, breakage etc. in the present
The relationship between the basic The standard is waived, because the existing figures provide a
same cooling conditions in forehead quenching Processing for a general standard not yet
samples according to DIN 50 191 and round samples made of steel allowed.
useful as he z. B. in Metals Handbook, Vol. 1, 8th edition The selection procedures shown in Examples 1 and 2
1961, pages 189 to 216. (See also Rose, driving generally lead to practical satisfaction
Peter, StraBburg and Rademacher: ,, Atlas zur Warm- only approximate values. Should the operational
treatment of the steel ", Verlag Stahleisen mbH, Diissel- Conditions are better taken into account, that is in
Dorf 1961 or Crafts, Lamont: ,, Hardenability and Example 3 procedure recommended. all
Steel Selection ", translated from Riihenbeck into German However, the procedure is common in that it applies to those in the
and edited, Springer-Verlag 1954, as well as the report various steel boxes for steel (e.g. DIN 17 200,
on the work of the A WT Technical Committee DIN 17 210 etc.) contain hardenability spreading strips
treatment information in manufacturing documents ": ,, steel are targeting.
selection based on hardenability ", magazine for economic
Within the scope of this standard, further work such as B.
scientific production, 66 (1971) 4, pages 195 to 207).
procedural information for the various
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Heat treatment processes, as well as the material
has not yet made a recommendation for steel selection choice according to the required properties
set up due to the hardenability. provided using decision tables.
It is intended to further amend this standard
fully stan-ended. In particular, picture 5 (section 4.3: 1)

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1/24/2020 Material selection

DK 621.785: 669.14: 539.54 GERMAN STANDARDS February 1976

Heat treatment of ferrous materials

Heat treatment of iron and steel; material selection;

1 scope . , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , 1 4.1 Ma.Binder, delay and scoring. , , 3

1 scope On the way, the steel selection due to the shepherd

Technical standards committee / 3 heat treatment technology of metallic materials (FW)

Page 2 DIN 17 021 part 1

2.4.1 Diffusibility: In a material by hardness

2.5.2 Hardening: hardening with regard to the

DIN 17 021 Tell 1 page 3

-g ;; :: 60 t ---- + ----- + - + ---- t ---, 1 <.. '

liJw ---- ~~~ - + --- + - ~

4 Influences in steel selection

~ Relief and delay, for terms see DIN 17 014 : o 45

Dimensional mitigation, warpage, RIB risk and steel Anlanharte ----

Page 4 DIN 1 7 021 part 1

If a workpiece is removed from the austenitizing temperature

Figure 6. Relationship between steel round quenched samples and the

DIN 17 021 Tell 1 page 5

of the two steels 41 Cr 4 or

2000 / It has to be checked whether the hardenability of the two steels

*) For reasons of economy, always check

Page 6 DIN 17 021 Part 1

1200 > ---- + ---- - + ----- + ------- r.

For the existing steel 46 Cr 2 was at

Figure 10. Relationship between quenched in 61

Fig. 11 Fig. 12. Scatterability band for 41 Cr4 steel

DIN 17 021 part 1 page 7

From picture 16 you can see cooling in m, according to the

u Fig. 16 .. Relationship between quenched in C> l

25 Accordingly, the hardenability spread

5.3.2 Selection based on operational tests

1 '° ~~ ---- + --------- +

ta; (1.5mm edge

~ @, __-- + - + --- 1- ¥ '--- + ----- t -------- i ------ l

DIN 17 021 part 1 page 9

201 ---- ---- + --- + ~ ------ 1 Result:

Page 10 DIN 17 021 Part 1

2 351 ----- + ->, ---- + ---- + - ~ ..., ....,

201 ---- + ---- + --- ~ --....,

Abstond from the surface: iche ---

Figure 24. Drawing determination of the hardness sought

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