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Documente Cultură
Previously published under the title What the Faith Is All About?
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in printed reviews, no part
of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted in any form or by any means (printed, written, photocopied,
visual electronic, audio, or otherwise) without the prior permission of
the publisher.
All Scripture quotations are taken from the HOLY BIBLE, King James Version.
CONTENTS
Preface ix
PART ONE
Introduction 1
1. Understanding Christianity 3
2. Understanding Faith 12
PART TWO
Understanding the Doctrine of the Bible 21
3. Revelation 23
4. Inspiration 31
5. Inerrancy and Canonicity 41
6. How to Interpret the Bible 50
PART THREE
Understanding the Doctrine of God 57
7. Who God Is 59
8. The Attributes of God 68
9. The Law of God 75
10. The Work of God 84
11. The Trinity 93
12. The Father 101
13. The Names of God 107
PART FOUR
Understanding the Doctrine of Christ 115
14. The Preexistence of Christ 117
15. The Offices of Christ 124
16. The Virgin Birth 129
17. How Christ Became a Man 137
18. The Perfection of Christ 144
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4 | CONTENTS
PART FIVE
Understanding the Doctrine of the Holy Spirit 191
24. The Person of the Holy Spirit 193
25. The Present Ministry of the Holy Spirit 200
PART SIX
Understanding the Doctrine of Man 209
26. The Nature of Man 211
27. The Freedom of Man 218
28. The Personality of Man 226
29. The Fall of Man 234
30. The Nature of Sin 241
PART SEVEN
Understanding the Doctrine of Salvation 249
31. Conversion and Regeneration 251
32. Our Position 261
PART EIGHT
Understanding the Doctrine of Angels 269
33. The Nature of Angels 271
34. The Works of Angels 280
PART NINE
Understanding the Doctrine of Satan 287
35. The Nature of Satan 289
36. The Works of Satan 296
PART TEN
Understanding the Doctrine of Demons 305
37. Demons 307
38. Demon Activity 313
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CONTENTS | 5
PART ELEVEN
Understanding the Doctrine of the Church 321
39. The Nature of the Church 323
40. Church Membership 330
41. The Aims of the Church 339
42. Church Leadership 346
43. Church Government 354
44. The Ordinances of the Church 363
PART TWELVE
Understanding the Doctrine of Last Things 371
45. The Nature of Prophecy 373
46. The Signs of the Times 380
47. The Rapture 388
48. The Tribulation 394
49. The Millennium 401
50. The Judgments 408
51. The Eternal Abode of the Unsaved 415
52. The Eternal Home of the Saved 422
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PREFACE
A
ccording to my research on church growth, I found that the
greatest curriculum need of Christian education in the twenty-
first century is Bible doctrine written in the language of the peo-
ple. Since a researcher ought to place confidence in the findings of his
exploration, I determined to write a book on Bible doctrine for the aver-
age Christian. Also, my major in seminary was theology and I have taught
that subject for over twenty years. A book on doctrine gave me an oppor-
tunity to put the results of my studies into print.
First, I determined to write for contemporary Bible students, not for
theologians. This meant I had to deal with the sophisticated and com-
plicated issues facing modern Christians, without getting bogged down
in ecclesiastical tangents or concerning myself with all the issues dis-
cussed in seminaries. I trust this is a simple book to understand as I have
tried to explore the incomprehensible nature of God. It is still true that
“profound truth is discovered in a simple expression.”
In the second place, I used selected theological words but tried to
interpret them for the average layman by giving a biblical background,
resulting in a definition. When the readers know correct theological
terms, they have a basis for understanding the doctrine involved.
In the third place, I have tried to make this book practical. Many
times I have heard that theology dries up soul winning. In addition, it’s
said that theology may be true in the classroom but does not work in the
church. I disagree with both of those statements. If doctrine is truly bib-
lical, it will motivate the students to win souls for Jesus Christ. Also, if
doctrine is presented correctly in the classroom, it is practical for the
church. As a result, I tried to end each chapter with a practical section,
applying the lesson to life.
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8 | PREFACE
Elmer L. Towns
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PA RT
ONE
Introduction
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1
UNDERSTANDING
CHRISTIANITY
And the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch.
—ACTS 11:26
INTRODUCTION
Someone has said, “Christianity is Jesus Christ.” That embryonic answer
is an adequate description, but the problem is that many people do not
understand who Jesus Christ is. The popular conception of Christ is not
always correct. Even in the Scriptures, individuals did not always prop-
erly understand Christ. To illustrate, observe the two disciples on the
road to Emmaus on the first Easter Sunday afternoon. They thought they
knew Christ and were even discussing the events of Jesus’ death, burial,
and resurrection. But they were wrong in their understanding of him.
When Jesus joined them and spoke to them, they did not recognize him
because their eyes were blinded with unbelief (Luke 24:16, 31).
These were his disciples who now were perplexed at the events of the
morning. They had heard reports that someone had stolen his body or
that he had disappeared. Obviously, these two disciples had apparent
spiritual needs, just as many in today’s world have needs. How Jesus met
their needs, then, is an indication of how he meets needs today.
Jesus began teaching these two disciples at the first books of the Bible
(the Law) and surveyed Old Testament history to the last books (the
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Prophets). Some might think Jesus would have comforted them with a
psalm or a devotional challenge. Instead, he met their needs by laying the
foundation of biblical teaching. “He expounded unto them in all the scrip-
tures the things concerning himself ” (Luke 24:27). The basis of his min-
istry to them was doctrine. The verb for “teaching” is the same root from
which we get the word “doctrine.”
The church has the same mandate today; our lives and ministry must
be based on sound doctrine. Nevertheless, most people are afraid of the
word “doctrine.” The world thinks that doctrine is dusty and irrelevant,
or hidden in old theology books. However, biblical doctrine is as spiri-
tually alive as a new born-again Christian is. It is as practical as a growing
Sunday school and as enjoyable as reading a favorite text.
Christian doctrine is similar to the wrench in a plumber’s toolbox—
it is there to fix something. Those who just keep the wrench shiny are
similar to the theologian who is always perfecting his doctrine but does
not apply it to his life or ministry. Others deny the “doctrine-wrench”
illustration by saying, “That sermon is good in theory [doctrine] but it
will never work in life.” They are wrong. When true doctrine touches life,
it is always practical.
The Bible and doctrine walk hand in hand with practical Christianity.
“All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doc-
trine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: That
the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished unto all good
works” (2 Tim. 3:16, 17). Therefore, the purpose of Bible doctrine is the
communication of the gospel to people at a point of need. The first section
of this chapter will deal with the topic: What is man’s point of need? The
second topic in this section is, What is communication? The third sec-
tion is, What is the Gospel? The answers to these questions formulate the
necessity and function of doctrine.
UNDERSTANDING CHRISTIANITY | 5
as expressed in the feelings of love and hate, to mention just two. Finally,
man was a volitional being who could decide his own fate. Therefore,
when Satan came and tempted, “Ye shall be as gods,” man, who had the
ability to make a moral choice, fell into sin. Sin produced the greatest
need in man and doctrine is the channel through which God told how
he would meet that need.
Man is cut off from God. Not only Adam and Eve, but everyone from
that time forth was excluded from God’s presence. The Scriptures teach,
“For all have sinned and come short of the glory of God” (Rom. 3:23).
This included every child who was born in the line of Adam and Eve,
since “as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; . . . so
death passed upon all men, for all have sinned” (Rom. 5:12).
Man’s sin is classified into three aspects. First, anything less than
God’s perfect holiness is sin. Sin is similar to an arrow falling short of the
target. It does not attain to the perfect standard. Therefore, no person
born into the world measures up to God’s perfect standard.
Rebellion is the second aspect of sin, usually translated “transgres-
sion.” Sin is the breaking of God’s law, either volitionally or ignorantly.
God prohibits the worship of idols, but man sins when he worships a
wooden statue or something more precious to him than God. He has
transgressed God’s commandment.
The third aspect of sin is inherent wickedness or moral impurity.
This is described as filth or uncleanness and is abhorred by God, who is
pure and holy.
The result of sin is that it blinds the sinner (2 Cor. 4:3, 4; Eph. 4:17).
Usually man does not recognize that he is a sinner and that he is cut off
from God. Therefore a sinner needs the gospel communicated to him at
his point of need, to reveal to him that he is a sinner.
Man becomes his own point of reference. When Satan promised Eve,
“Ye shall be as gods” (Gen. 3:5), he fulfilled that promise. As a result, each
man today is his own standard of measurement. Each has become the
focus of the circle in which he lives. A wise man once observed, “There
is some divinity in us all.” By that he meant that each man justifies his
own actions and thinks that everything he does is perfect, or at least
almost perfect.
The Fall of man has created an upside-down condition. Instead of
man’s placing God on the throne, man sits there in supreme ignorance
that he has usurped the place of God. Doctrine teaches man that God
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must be placed on the throne and only when man understands God’s
nature and program can man begin to get his problem solved.
Man suffers alienation and isolation. Too often it has been said that
sin is punished after death. That is only part of the picture. People also
suffer the consequences of sin in this life. Sin results in isolation or alien-
ation from God. Spiritual death is the ultimate form of isolation from
God. As a result of man’s sin, he needs eternal salvation to bring him into
fellowship with God. But there is a second problem. Modern education
speaks of “felt needs,” those problems we are aware of, and “ultimate
needs,” usually the problems that are real but unexperienced. The “ulti-
mate need” is salvation for man to be rejoined to God from whom he
was cut off. But let us not forget the “felt need,” the deliverance from the
affliction in this life that also springs from our sin.
Isolation from God may not be a felt need, but severe depression is
an experience that needs immediate help. To this person, the doctrinal
message of fellowship with God may not be enough, but it is the foun-
dation of all ministry to that person. Since man is a social creature, his
problem of isolation may be the root of many of his other mental or psy-
chological problems.
The answer to isolation is that God took the initiative with man.
“When the fullness of time was come, God sent forth his Son” (Gal. 4:4).
Again, we read “God . . . hath in these last days spoken unto us by his
Son” (Heb. 1:1, 2).
Man is filled with anxiety. Any life that is separated from ultimate
authority is like a boat without an anchor; it is drifting. A person may be
anxious because he does not have all the answers to the questions raised
by others, or even the questions asked in his heart.
Every person has within his heart a need, something missing that
only God can fill. He knows that something is missing but he usually
refuses to identify it as God. He looks for answers elsewhere and does not
find any. He becomes his own point of reference, but he makes mistakes
and is aware of his own stupidity.
People are anxious because they have a problem keeping their emo-
tional lives together. God should function in man’s immaterial nature,
but the vacuum created by his absence produces anxiety. “Anxiety” is
another word for fear, depression, jealousy, or any other condition that
keeps man in an emotional disequilibrium.
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UNDERSTANDING CHRISTIANITY | 7
UNDERSTANDING CHRISTIANITY | 9
manner. This means that the gospel must be systematic in content and
presentation. From this we get the term “systematic theology.” However,
this book uses the biblical term “doctrine” instead of the word “theology.”
Several steps are taken in making doctrine systematic and logical.
First, we must look at all of the facts on every topic of doctrine. We begin
by looking at biblical content, but we also include truth (not conjecture)
from any and every source: biology, history, sociology, and philosophy.
As an illustration, when we are studying the nature of God we must con-
sider all the facts of God that are taught in the Bible concerning the
nature of God. But we also include all information concerning him that
we learn from nature.
Second, we must classify the facts into a consistent whole. This
means that the verses that deal with the holiness of God must be corre-
lated with those that teach the justice of God. Then we write the results of
our study into statements that give a total picture of the person of God.
Finally, we must analyze all of our statements, making sure they are
consistent, so that we do not contradict ourselves.
In addition, we analyze them to make sure our statements corre-
spond to the reality of the world and the people who live here. The result
is doctrine. Now we must express it as simply and clearly as possible, so
that others will be able to understand the total revelation of God on each
subject.
The final step in communication between God and man is worship.
Since man is spiritual he has an innate desire to worship someone. The
problem is that man, the worshiper, has invented his own ways to wor-
ship God or has created his own gods to worship. God recognizes this
weakness and commands that we should have no other gods before him
(Exod. 20:3).
However, the obvious question remains: “Which worship is correct?”
Actually, this book is not an apologetic answer to the philosophical ques-
tions of man. The answer to true worship is found in what Jesus told the
woman at the well. “God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must wor-
ship him in spirit and in truth” (John 4:24). God must be worshiped
according to truth, which is biblical doctrine. But to worship God by cor-
rect doctrine is only part of worship. The worship of God must also be
an expression of the deepest feelings, a sincere mind, and the honest
heart of man, which is what is meant by worshiping him in spirit.
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UNDERSTANDING CHRISTIANITY | 11
CONCLUSION
This doctrine book is written to communicate doctrine for the modern-
day Christian. It is written to the head and to the heart. Sound doctrine
proves itself sound if it can be related to the needs of man.
DAILY READINGS
MONDAY Romans 3:10–26
TUESDAY John 3:1–18
WEDNESDAY Romans 5:1–21
THURSDAY Hebrews 11: 1–6, 32–40
FRIDAY Matthew 28:1–20
SATURDAY 1 Thessalonians 4:1–18
SUNDAY Revelation 19:1–21