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 Textile can be defined as “it is a flexible woven material consisting
of a network of natural or artificial fibres often referred to as
thread or yarn”. Textiles widely used for carpeting, furnishings,
window shades, towels, coverings for tables, beds, flags,
backpacks, tents, nets, handkerchiefs, balloons, kites, sails.

 Textiles can be made from many materials. These materials come
from four main sources: animal (wool, silk), plant (cotton, flax,
jute), mineral (asbestos, glass fibre), and synthetic (nylon,
polyester, acrylic). Textiles many contain residues of a large
number of chemicals used in their manufacture. Some of these
chemicals may have inherent properties that are hazardous to
human health or the environment.
 natural (cotton, silk, wool)
 cellulosic (viscose, acetate, cupro)
 synthetic (polyester, acrylic and nylon)
 Cellulosic fibres are regenerated from chemically treated cellulose,
originally derived from wood pulp; while synthetics are derived from
petrochemicals.
 Man-made fibres have already begun to dominate the market.
 Within this category, it is polyester - poly(ethyleneterephthalate) or PET -
that is powering demand. So the environmental impact of these fibres
has become much more significant, and, for traditional synthetics, the
picture is far from green.
 They are derived from petrochemicals, meaning their production
depends on declining reserves of oil and gas and they are not renewable.
Also, their production is energy-intensive, the fibres don’t biodegrade
and they are not easy to recycle.
 Chemicals are used in the manufacture and treatment of textiles.
 Example: Process chemicals may be added at fiber manufacturing,
bleaching, dyeing and printing of fabrics.
 Chemicals may also be added to the finished product to obtain
different functions.
 Example: Antibacterial treatment of sportwear, flame-retardant
treatment of furnishing textiles, impregnation of outdoor clothing
and anti-mould preparations for transport and storage.
 Coatings in plastic on clothes may contain plasticizers such as
phthalates.
 Washing and scouring of fibers and yarn
 Bleaching of yarn and cloth
 Mercerizing of yarn and cloth
 Dyeing of yarn and cloth
 Printing of cloth and garment
 Finishing of cloth and garment
 Washing of treated yarn, cloth and garment
 Mercerizing agents
 Mercerizing agents helps in treatment of cotton fabrics with
concentrated caustic soda under fabric tension. Mercerizing agents are
added in ordered to impart a greater affinity for dyes and various
chemical finishes to cotton fabrics.
 Peroxide stabilizers
 Peroxide stabilizers can be applied on cotton, linen, polyester, yarns,
towels and knitted fabrics made of cellulose and blended fabrics to
bleach them.
 Peroxide killers
 Peroxide killers can be added at the stage of pre-bleaching stage and also
at peroxide bleaching processes to destroy the peroxide content.
Peroxide killers save the water and energy by reducing peroxide levels in
fabrics.
 Neutralizers
 Neutralizers are a chemical compounds which neutralizes the more acid
and alkali content from fabrics. Some neutralizing agents can neutralize
the acids like acetic acid content from textile products.
 Textile dyes
 Textile dyes are applied to textiles and its products like fabrics, fibers,
yarns with different type of natural and synthetic dyes. Textile dying
chemicals can be used at different stages of textile production processes.
 Dispersants
 Dispersants prevents re-deposition and to maintain stable, homogenous
nature of dyes like indigo dyes, sulfur dyes, vat dyes and direct dyes on
textile surface.
 Levelling agents
 Levelling agents are added the stage of batch dyeing process of textiles
to improve level the dyes dispersion on textile products. Levelling agents
still makes dyes penetrate into textile products
 Soaping agents
 Soaping agents can be used after printing fibre, synthetic fibre and blend
textile. Soaping agents effectively remove the flooding, improve color
brightness, and prevent second contamination from the dropped dye in
previous soap process.
 Printing chemicals
 Printing chemicals can be used to textile fabrics to obtain accurate print
printing design and to prevent slipping during processing. Printing
chemicals used for textile fabrics like knits and woven fabrics made from
all kinds of fibers.
 Vat levelling agents
 Vat levelling agents can increase and supports the dye penetration and
migration of vat dyes to textile fabrics. Vat levelling agents also applied
to cellulosic fibers. Vat levelling agents prevents rapid dye take-up by the
textile fabrics.
 Thickeners
 Thickeners applied on the textile fabric surface without bleeding or
spreading to hold printing stuffs. Thickeners can be applied different type
of textile materials like polyester, nylon, acrylic and silk fabrics.
 Binders
 Binders are used at the stage of textile printing. Binders like puff binders,
pearl binders give shimmer, metallic and 3D effects to textile fabrics.
Binders can protect the pigment from mechanical abrasions and helps in
fixing pigments to fabrics.
 Stain removers

 Stain removers can remove ink stains, oil, grease, emulsion residues, textile inks
from textile fabrics. Textile stain removers are non-toxic, accurate, active, fast
acting, low odor agents.
 Textile anti back staining agent
 Textile anti back staining agent also termed as anti redeposition agent. Anti back
staining agent mainly used to reduce back staining and dye re-depositing during
various washing steps. Anti back staining agent prevents redeposition and
enhances brightness.
 Textile finishing chemicals
 Textile finishing chemicals applied to the fabrics and clothing to give special
effects. Finishing chemicals recommended for resistant finishes, shrinkage
control finishes, pre-cure soil release finishes and pre-cure permanent press
finishes.
 Cationic softeners
 Cationic Softeners imparts soft, soapy, balanced internal softness,
voluminous surface and smooth handle for textile fabrics. Buy cationic
fabric softener in the form of flakes, paste forms from world of
chemicals.com.
 Nonionic softeners
 Nonionic softeners can compatible to use for synthetic fibers and its
blends to impart bulky, heavy feel and to protect yellowing. Nonionic
softeners come in the form of flakes and paste form.
 Anionic softeners
 Anionic softeners can modify the softness of resin treated textile fabrics.
Anionic softeners give antistatic effects and rewetting properties.
 Reactive softeners
 Reactive softeners can give tensile strength, tear strength, abrasion
resistance and water resistance to textile fabrics. Reactive softeners also
used to give permanent softness to textiles.
 Soluble softener
 Soluble softener is a textile auxiliary agent which provides rich soft feel,
minimum yellowing and high solubility in cold water.
 Antistatic agents
 Antistatic agents have multiple applications in textile industry such as
usage in dyeing and finishing, speeding up the emission of the charges
effectively on fabric and reduce the static electricity.
 Spin finishing agents
 Spin finishing agents made up of different type of lubricants, emulsifiers
and antistatic agents. Chemical spin finishes are added to the spinning
bath prior to fiber formation.
 Spinning aids
 Spinning aids improves spinning performance and fibre-to-fibre frictional
properties and also reduces yarn imperfections.
 Textile specialty chemicals
 Textile specialty chemicals enable the textile processer to manufacture
textile with a comfortable feel and appearance. Textile specialty
chemicals also used for dyeing, printing and finishing stages of textile
manufacturing.
 Dyeing auxiliaries
 Dyeing auxiliaries usually used along with direct, disperse, reactive, acid, basic,
indigo, sulfur and indanthrene dyes. Dyeing auxiliaries influences the dyeing
behavior and providing intensified shades, dye penetration, optimizing the
behavior of the dyeing process.
 Pretreatment chemicals
 Pretreatment chemicals a type of textile processing chemicals which helps to
remove impurities like dirt, waxes and starch impurities. Pretreatment chemicals
also help in further processes like dyeing and finishing. Buy pretreatment
chemicals from world of chemicals.com.
 Textile polymers
 Textile polymers used to improve textile functionalities like aesthetic appeal,
comfort, textile soft display, smart wetting properties. Polymer coated textile
fabrics used in protective clothing for ?remen, waterproof jackets, and seat
upholstery for cars.
 Bleaching agent – hydrogen peroxide
 Antifoaming agent – cibaflow c;antifoam tc;primasol
nf
 Anticreasing agent – ciba fluid p;ciba fluid c
 Perioxide stabilizer – Lavatex;prestozen pl;stabilol p
 Sequestering agent – ladiqueast 1097;dekol sm
 Peroxide killer – invatex pc;lorinol pk;basopal pk
 Reactive fixing agent – cibaflex eco
 Mercerizing wetting agent – mercerol qwlf
 Enzyme finishing agent – bio polish al
 Leveling agent – baso winch pel;osimol rol;uniperol el
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