EE Departmant

Using Zener As Regulator

Syed Zohaib Gilani

Basic Electronic
3/21/2020

In dc power supply , we use zener as regulator and make the circuit in that way that the ripple factor
should be less ten percent .
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DC Power Supply

 Introduction :
In dc power supply , we use multisim to perform this experiment. Multisim simulators is used to
verify circuit design and to predict circuit behavior. DC power supplies are power
supplies which produce an output DC voltage. Power supplies are devices that deliver
electric power to one or several loads. They generate the output power by converting an input
signal into an output signal (in this case, a DC output).

 Zener Diode :
A Zener diode is a type of diode that allows current to flow not only from its anode to its
cathode, but also in the reverse direction, when the voltage across its terminals exceeds
the Zener voltage, a characteristic of the device. This effect is known as the Zener effect,
after Clarence Zener, who first described the phenomenon. Zener diodes have a highly
doped p–n junction. Normal diodes break down with a reverse voltage, but the voltage and
sharpness of the knee are not as well defined as for a Zener diode. Normal diodes are not
designed to operate in the breakdown region, whereas Zener diodes operate reliably in this
region.
 Component :
Following component use in making of dc power supply:
i. AC power supply
ii. Silicon diodes
iii. Zener diode
iv. Capacitor
v. Resistor
vi. Ground wire
vii. Oscilloscope
viii. Transformer

 Simulation ON Multisim :

Following are the simulation on multisim :

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Circuit Diagram

Circuit diagram of power supply is as following :

List And Value of Components :

Component Values
Ac Power Supply 30Vrms
Transformer Ideal(10 : 1)
Diodes Silicon(0.7V)
Capacitor 30uf
Regulator Zener Diode(1N5227B)
Resistor 1.0kΩ

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i. Input Voltage :
We use AC power supply as input voltage

As seen from the above diagram, the ac voltage is in vrms value.By

converting it , we get the input voltage

Vp(in) = 30Vrms
= (30 * 1.414)V
= 42.42V.
So, it is giving the input ac voltage of 42.42V.
ii. Transformer :
In this circuit ,we use ideal transformer with the turn ratio of
10 : 1. It means that primary coil with turn ratio of 10 and secondary coil
with the turn ratio of 1.

Voltage will be down after passing this step down transformer

Vp(sec) = n * Vp(pri)
= 0.1 * 42.42V
= 4.242V

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iii. Volatge across Silicon Diodes :

These diodes generally convert ac voltage to pulsuating
Dc voltage .But seen from the circuit diagram the capacitor is also
Connected parallel to it. So ,the output voltage across Vdc also
produces little ripple in it.So the output waveform is :

It generally ,show ripple in it but due low voltage it is nearly seem to be

neglible.

Wave-Form
Vdc

3.474V

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iv. Voltage Across Resistor :

The Zener diode will regulate the voltage as it connected in reversed
direction . Due to it special characteristics it will ouput the voltage as it’s
diode model is. We use Zener model of 1N5227B and it’s characteristics
can be found in diode data sheet
The ouput waveform across resistor is complete DC line.

Wave-Form
Vr(p-p)

13.324mV

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 Ripple Factor :
To calculate ripple factor in the circuit ,we use the following formula :

RF = (Vr(p-p)/Vdc) * 100
Simply by putting value in the equation, we get :
→ RF = (13.324mv/3.474v) * 100
= 3.835%.

Hence , the ripple factor is less than 10%.

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 Conclusion :

The Zener diode, with its accurate and specific reverse breakdown voltage, allows for a
simple, inexpensive voltage regulator. Combined with the right resistor, fine control over
both the voltage and the supply current can be attained.

However, the low power ratings of standard Zener diodes and resistors make this solution
impractical for high power devices.

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