Experiment 03 Prelaboratory Assignment

Calorimetry

Date: _March 17, 2020_ Lab Sec.: _A10_ Name: Arzadon IV, Quirino V. Desk No.: __04_
1. Experimental Procedure, Part A.1. What is the procedure for heating a metal to an
exact but measured temperature?

Answer: 10 to 30g metal should be transferred into a test tube that's in the beaker
in the water. Let it settle for ten minutes to reach thermal equilibrium.

2. Experimental Procedure, Parts A.4, 5.

a. When a metal at a higher temperature is transferred to water at a lower
temperature, heat is inevitably lost to the calorimeter (Figure 25.4). Will this
unmeasured heat loss increase or decrease the calculated value of the specific
heat of the metal? Explain. See equation 25.5.

Answer: According to the law of conservation of energy, the heat loss and the heat
utilized to combust the sample should calculate to the actual heat capacity. A calorimeter
is ideally an insulated vessel. heat is dissipated in actuality. Therefore, the heat capacity
that we calculate in the experiment will always be less than the actual value. This is
accounted by the heat lost.

b. Explain why the extrapolated temperature is used to determine the maximum

temperature of the mixture rather than the highest recorded temperature in the
experiment. See Figure 25.5.
Answer: The extrapolated temperature is used because heat is always diminished
to the system. We make use of the extrapolated temperature to account for the loss
of heat.
3. Experimental Procedure, Part B. Three student chemists measured 50.0 mL of 1.00
M NaOH in separate Styrofoam coffee cup calorimeters (Part B). Bret added 50.0
mL of 1.00 M HCL to his solution of NaOH; Dale added 45.5 mL of 1.10 M HCl (equal
moles) to his NaOH solution. Lyndsay added 50.0 mL of 1.00 M HCl to her NaOH
solution. Each student recorded the temperature change and calculated the enthalpy
of neutralization.
Identify the student who observes a temperature change that will be different from
that observed by the other two chemists. Explain why and how (higher or lower) the
temperature will be different.

Answer: Dale is the student that observes a different temperature change.

Temperature change observed will be higher.

The reaction of HCl with NaOH is:

HCl + NaOH → H₂O + NaCl + ΔH

As ΔH is in the products, the reaction produce heat. You can now determine ΔH
measuring changes in temperature of coffee cup calorimeters. The higher moles of
reaction, the higher production of heat.

The moles of NaOH that three students measured is:

0.0500L× (1.00mol / 1.00L) = 0.0500 moles

Dale measured:

0.0455L×(1.10mol/L) = 0.05005 moles of HCl

Brett measured:

0.0500L×(1.00mol/L) = 0.0500 moles of HCl

Lyndsay measured:

0.0500L× (1.00mol / 1.00L) = 0.0500 moles of HCl

Dale is the student that observes a different temperature change

That is because he's adding excess of moles of HCl that will reacts with water
producing additional heat, that means he will find a higher change in temperature
 4. The specific heat of the metal was determined following Part A of the Experimental
Procedure in this experiment. Complete the following table for Trial 1 (See Report Sheet.)
for determining the specific heat of the metal, Record the calculated values with the correct
number of significant values.

Calculation
Zone
1. Mass of metal (g) 20.94 Part 2
2. Temperature of metal (°C) 99.4
3. Mass of water (g) 100.0
4. Temperature of water (°C) 22.0
5. Maximum temperature of water (°C) 24.6

Calculations for Specific Heat of a Metal

Part 4
1. Temperature change of water, ΔT (°C) 2.6
2. Heat gained by water (J)
Show calculation 1087.84

3. Temperature change of metal, ΔT (°C) 74.8

4. Specific heat of metal (J/g°C)
Equation 25.5
Show calculation 0.6945
0.694

Solution for Heat Gained:

Q= mwcw(Tf-Ti)

= (100g)(4.184J/g C)(24.6-22.0)C

Q=1087. 84J

Cm= Q/m((Tf-Ti)

= 1087.84J/ (20.94)(99.4-24.6)

Cm= 0.6945 J/ g C
 5. The enthalpy of solution for the dissolving of a KBr sample was determined following Part
C of the Experimental Procedure in this experiment. Complete the following table for Trial
1 (See Report Sheet.) for determining the enthalpy of solution KBr.

Calculation
Zone
1. Mass of salt (g) 5.00 Part 2
2. Moles of salt (mol) 0.0420
3. Mass of water (g) 25.0
4. Initial temperature of water (°C) 25.0
5. Final temperature of mixture (°C) 18.1

Calculations for Enthalpy (heat) of

Solution for the Dissolution of a Salt Part 4
1. Temperature change of solution, (°C) -6.9
2. Heat change by water (J)
Show calculation
Part 5
-722.1
3. Heat change of salt (J); sp. ht. of
KBr = 0.439 J/g⋅°C -15.146
4. Total enthalpy change, equation 25.11
(J)
Show calculation -737.246
--
5. ΔH (J/mol salt)
Equation 25.12
Show calculation 17553.48

Solutions of required:

Q= mwcw(Tf-Ti)

Tf-Ti= 18.1-25.0= -6.9

= (25.0g) (4.184 J/ g C) ( -6.9C) = -722.1J

Heat change of salt:

Q= mscs(Tf-Ti)

= (5.0g)(0.439J/g C)(-6.9C)

= -15.146J

Total Entalphy Change= -722.1J +-15.146J =-737.246J

ΔH (J/mol salt) = (-1 x -737.246J)/0.0420mol = 17553.48J/ mol