REFLECTIVE ESSAY ON PRAGMATICS

Pragmatics is said to be language in use and the contextual use. It focusing on

how words are use, specifically it deals with signs and symbols.

I chose a situation in a class where classmates usually meet and chat on

different class or student club, and uttered and shared different thoughts and actions.

That means they are close and tend to use direct language. One situation is greetings,

they greet in different way of pronunciation and use of sentences. For example, when

they greet each other, they would like to say: “Hi! How’s going? Sometimes, they even

just say: “Hi” and that’s already enough. No more speeches to be followed for a greater

amount of conversation.

Another is body language, when we communicate, it is better to use eye to eye

contact to a person when we are having conversations with. It is very effective way of

communication as it is just show how honest we are as we speak. In support, according

to some researchers, body language is a critical way to have a good conversation.

Finally, even in any situations, you still need to observe how people uttered and

try to learn from it. For instance, even paying in restaurants, talking to your professors,

and dealing to your parents, still there’s a pragmatic use.

 REFLECTIVE ESSAY ON PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

One of our most amazing human qualities is the desire to absorb a language, the

learning process, and the development of new vocabulary and expressions when we

are still in our first years of existence. It was a real challenge for scientists and

specialists to find a big, thorough and rational explanation for the language acquisition

process that was occurring at every point in every field of study. Based on their fields of

study, teachers taught their topics indifferent degrees and language forms.

Our main concern as English teachers should be how to teach English as a

second language; in other terms, we need to enable our students to learn a new

language; therefore, we need to understand the acquisition process.

Based on the discussion, Psycholinguistics is the field that examines and

explains the psychological processes that enable people to learn and use language.

Psycholinguists conduct research on the production of speech and language and how

people of all ages interpret and generate meaning. The research depends on the

studies of linguistics for language definitions, which is the science that explains the

language form.
 REFLECTIVE ESSAY ON MORPHOLOGY

Based on the presentation of the reporters, that morphology is the linguistic

discipline that examines the internal structure of verbs. Although words are generally

accepted as the smallest units of vocabulary, it is clear that words can be connected

with other words through rules in most languages. English speakers, for example,

understand the closely related terms rat, dog, and dog catcher. Through previous

knowledge, most English speakers are familiar with the association of word formation in

English.

Besides getting to know morphology, I learned morpheme as well. The

morpheme is very familiar, but its meaning I always forget. It can be classified into

monomorphemic, dimorphemic and polymorphemic vocabulary from what we have

known morpheme. Monomorphic words are a single morphemic word. For examples,

we are, we are, are, am, and so on.

Free morphemes are morphemes that have their own grammatical meaning,

such as adjective, verb and noun. For example, the grammatical role as a verb is like

that. As for bound morphemes, they are morphemes that cannot exist alone because to

construct a word of new meaning it has to be paired with other morphemes. For

examples, "unlikely." The original word is "like" where the binding morpheme "un" and

"ly" are added to it to form a new word with a new meaning. Nonetheless, attached

morphemes have a grammatical feature. For example, 'un' showing negation.

Allomorph was also discussed. This refers to a morpheme type. This happens

because of the lexical and phonological learning. Phonological training is of the

intervening sounds in the phoneme's voiceless feature before the morpheme. Voiceless

morpheme causes allomorphic voicelessness and vice versa. Allomorphs are/s/,/t/

and/d/ as an example. As for the lexical learning, the whole past tense is included.

"Take," for starters, "took."

The more I got to know about morphology, the more I get to understand it. To get

to learn more about morphology, I need more information. I think learning morphology is

interesting.
 REFLECTIVE ESSAY ON SYNTAX AND SEMANTICS

From what have been discussed, I would conclude that some features are

shared between Syntax and Semantics, but at the same time they have different

features. One common thing is that they are both sub-disciplines of linguistics which

operate at the level of sentences. While Syntax has to do with the construction of

sentences, Semantics has to do with its meaning. Semantics, however, has a degree of

syntax dependency that has not existed in the other direction. A syntactically correct

phrase is not always a valid phrase, but without using the right constructs, a

semantically correct phrase cannot be expected.

Such two fields need to be known because they are the main keys that make a

language accessible. Syntax lets one construct simple sentences where words are

correctly arranged to form and convey a complete and substantive sentence for

effective communication purposes. The value of Semantics is taking place at this stage.

In summarize, I found that there are simple patterns for all sentences. Now I can

say that there is a technical foundation in the brain in many ways, and every idea has a

grammar, or code. Therefore, through our can grammar, we see that our utterances

reflect this internal coding.

 REFLECTIVE PAPER ON PHONOLOGY AND PHOENETICS

Based on the report, there are short vowels, consonants, lengthy monophthongs,

and diphthongs. In a twit, I learned as a language teacher that phonics is a method to

teaching students comprehension. This aims to build basic skills within early learners.

Implicitly, I learnt from this subject that the value of good phonics training in our

teaching is that when studying the forms and names of letters, it offers sound foundation

in the letters. Nonetheless, it can provide ample instruction either in isolation or in sense

of reading words.

Clear phonics training, cut to the chase, will contribute to automatic word

recognition. Phonics training is not the goal, but the way of immediately helping children

read words.

In addition, it would be a challenging task for anyone to learn a second language.

In fact, English's idiosyncratic characteristics allow it from irregular spellings, unusual

tones, and term pressures, to more trivial problems such as verbs mixing together or

adding syllables. Obviously, English learning is a burdensome task that requires almost

supernatural determination and endurance. Nonetheless, once instructors recognize

these unique challenges, they will schedule and prepare students for the assignment

accordingly.