Slide - 01

Tangent to a Circle
(1) Point form
2 2 2 2
(i) The equation of tangent at (x1, y1) to circle x + y =a is xx 1 + yy 1 =a
2 2
(ii) The equation of tangent at ( x1 , y 1 ) to circle x + y +2 gx+2 fy+c=0 is
xx 1 + yy 1 + g ( x+ x 1 )+f ( y+ y1 )+c =0

2 2 2
(2) Parametric form : Since parametric co-ordinates of circle x + y =a is
(a cosθ, a sinθ), then equation of tangent at (a cosθ, a sinθ) is
2
x. a cosθ+ y . a sinθ=a or x cos θ+ y sin θ=a .

2 2 2
(3) Slope form : Let y=mx +c is the tangent of the circle x + y =a .
∴ Length of perpendicular from centre of circle (0, 0) on line
( y=mx+c ) = radius of circle
|c|
2
=a ⇒ c =± a √ 1+m 2
∴ √1+m
Substituting this value of c in y=mx +c , we get y=mx±a √ 1+m2 .

Slide – 02
TANGENT TO DIFFERENT FORMS OF THE PARABOLA
Form y2 = 4ax Y2 = –4ax x2 = 4ay x2 = –4ay
Y Y
Y
P(x,y) y =a
L S (0, a)
Shape P (x, y)
L' L

of the N x
P (x, y) A(0, 0)
S
X x
A x
parabol A
(0,0)
(a,0)
(0, 0)
A
(0, 0) P (x, y)

a x  a
L L' L
x 2  4ay y = -b S (0, -a)
y   4ax
2
x 2  4ay
y 2  4ax x=a Y

Equation of Tangent
(a) At
the yy1 = –2a(x + xx1 = 2a(y xx1 = –2a(y +
yy1 = 2a(x + x1)
point x1) + y1 ) y1)
(x1, y1)
(b) in
x = my +
terms of y = mx + a/m y = mx – a/m x = my – a/m
a/m
m
(c) in yt = x + at2 yt = –x + at2 xt = y + at2 xt = –y + at2
 terms of
t

Slide – 03

Equations of Tangent to Ellipse.

x2 y2
+ =1
(1) Point form: The equation of the tangent to the ellipse a2 b2 at the point
xx 1 yy 1
+ =1
( x1 , y 1 ) is a 2 b 2
x2 y2
+ =1
(2) Slope form: If the line y=mx +c touches the ellipse a2 b2 , then
2
c =a m + b
2 2 2
. Hence, the straight line y=mx±√ a2 m2 +b2 always represents
the tangents to the ellipse.

(3) Parametric form: The equation of tangent at any point φ( acos φ ,bsin φ) is
x y
cos φ+ sin φ=1
a b

Slide – 04

Equations of Tangent to Hyperbola.

x2 y2
− =1
(1) Point form : The equation of the tangent to the hyperbola a2 b2 at
xx 1 yy 1
− =1
( x1 , y 1 ) is a 2 b2 .
x2 y2
− =1
(2) Parametric form : The equation of tangent to the hyperbola a2 b2
at (asec φ , btan φ ) is
x y
sec φ− tan φ=1
a b
(3) Slope form : The equations of tangents of slope m to the hyperbola
2
x y2
− =1
a2 b2 are y=mx±√ a2 m2 −b 2 .

Slide – 05
Q. Two tangents are drawn from the point (-2, -1) to the parabola y 2
= 4x. If  is the angle between these tangents, then tan  equals
 (A) 3 (B) 1/3
(C) 2 (D) ½

Slide – 06
2 2
Q. The equations to the tangents to the circle x + y −6 x+4 y =12 which are parallel to the
straight line 4x+3y+5=0, are

(a) 3 x−4 y−19=0, 3 x−4 y+31=0 (b) 4 x +3 y−19=0 , 4 x +3 y +31=0

(c) 4 x +3 y +19=0, 4 x+3 y−31=0 (d) 3 x−4 y+19=0, 3 x−4 y+31=0

Slide – 07
Q. If a circle, whose centre is (–1, 1) touches the straight line x+2 y +12=0 , then
the coordinates of the point of contact are

2 2
(a)
(− 72 , −4) (b) x +y −2x+6y+a=0, (c) (2, –7) (d) (– 2, – 5)

Slide – 08

2 2
Q. On the ellipse 4 x +9 y =1, the points at which the tangents are parallel to the
line 8 x=9 y are

(a)
( 25 , 51 ) (b)
( −25 , 15 ) (c)
( −25 , −15 ) (d)
( 25 , −15 )
Slide – 09
2 2
x y
− =1
Q. The value of m for which y=mx +6 is a tangent to the hyperbola 100 49 ,
is
b 20 2 2 2 20
(a)
y=± x
a (b) √ 17 (c) x −y =a (d) √ 3