Stockholm is situated at the point where Malaren discharges into the Baltic Sea.

In addition to the mainland, the

city includes some 20 islands in the Baltic and Malaren; these are linked by some 40 bridges. (Odmann, 70)

source: http://www.vad1.com/photo/stock/a84-30-4.jpg

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

 • Gridirons of Renaissance and Baroque influenced
majorly the city panning of whole Sweden 17th
Century
• Rich people flocks close to royal court (Gamla Stan)

• Large Government offices and private mansions built in

Gamla Stan (Astrom)

Around
• Stockholm had 7000 habitants 1500

• Iron ore from Sigtuna and Birka was traded to Germany.

Stockholm and Vosby were focal points of trade, 13th
thereby expanding the cities with the help of German Century
immigrants (Astrom, 12-13)

• It was Birger Jarl who founded the city. (Astrom, 17)

• When Sigtuna (former city center for trade) was wasted

away by pirates, Stockholm became the capital of 12th
commerce (Astrom, 12) century
SOURCE: City Planning in Sweden

• Stockholm was first where sites of “tings” (judicial

assemblies) or cult ceremonies. Later, it came to acquire
a market function (Astrom, 12)

Brief History of Planning ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

 • The considerably late coming of Factory System to
Sweden.
1874
• Slow process of Industrialization in Sweden made
possible to prepare for the urban upheaval when it
finally came

• The Act (1st real official report in the planning Field) was
passed (Astrom)

1860
• Water mains and sewers and gasworks for street

• 3 storey houses along the street with wings of single-

sided fenestration (Astrom)

• 60, 000 people in Stockholm (Astrom) 18TH

Century

• Nicodemus Tessing the Younger was commissioned to

design the palace as well as the scheme for the palace 1697
grounds after Tre Kronor (old palace) burned. Not until
1770’s was Tessin’s idea pushed by Gustavus III (Astrom,
22-23)

1640
• The 1st city planning for Stockholm (Astrom)

SOURCE: City Planning in Sweden

Brief History of Planning ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

 • Sociological aspect of planning overrides Sun, light and
air concept (Astrom) 1940

• Sun, light and air became watchwords in urban planning

due to Germany’s spearheading.
• Le Corbusier’s idea dominated Sweden’s city Planning
(Astrom, 34) 1920
• City Planning became pre-occupied by solar angles and
daylighting
• High Density Housing plans of Sven Markelius (12-20
storey high) gave Gardet, Stockholm modest open
areas. (Astrom)

• Before the 19th century all land in Stockholm was

owned by the crown and the local Government. When
Liberalism emerged, land coverage was then greatly
intensified by speculative buyers and building
contractors.
• Sweden was one of the poorest countries in Europe
• Fig, 22 – 36 • Apartment of no more than 1 room and kitchen
comprised 80-90% of the housing stock in industrial
towns and more than 1/3 of the urban population lived
in crowded dwellings (Astrom, 23)
1900
• As early as the 1890, the advent of trams and railways,
however, saw the development of sub-urban estates of
one-family houses of the more prosperous and it rapidly
became fashion among this class to leave the houses or
large flats in the centre of the town and move in villas in
the outlying districts (Odmann, 58)
• 100,000 Population

SOURCE: City Planning in Sweden

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

 • A more humanistic approach to planning of schools, play
1960
space while traffic segregation flourished (Astrom, 55)

• Walkability was one of the key Concepts in relating

residences to auxiliary service functions and public
transport stops: for apartments a maximum of 1300-
1600 ft away from, for single family houses 2600-3000 ft
away. (Astrom, 56)

• Function of self Sufficiency is promoted by local

employment in offices, light industry and crafting
(Astrom, 57)

• The way a district will be put together depends in part

on the kind of public transport that serves it,

• Sweden being spared from World War II and the

abundance of raw material which enjoyed worldwide
demand had caused national income to rise at a faster
rate than in most other industrial countries (Astrom, 49)
SOURCE: City Planning in Sweden
1950
• Population increased to 8,000,000 (Astrom, 49)

• Agriculture sector comprised only 10% of the population

(Astrom, 49)

• Mining and Manufacturing increased to 40% of the

population (Astrom, 49)

Brief History of Planning ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

Expansion and changes of
Stockholm thru the years

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

Gamla Stan 1300 - 1547
(Oldest city of Stockholm)

source: http://www.arch.umd.edu/ARCH654/student_work/PLeung_Stockholm.pdf

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

Gamla Stan 2005

source: http://www.arch.umd.edu/ARCH654/student_work/PLeung_Stockholm.pdf

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

Gamla Stan thru the centuries

source: http://www.arch.umd.edu/ARCH654/student_work/PLeung_Stockholm.pdf

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

Kungsholmen, Norrmalm (1866)

SOURCE: City Planning in Sweden

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

Kungsholmen, Norrmalm (PRESENT)

source: http://international.stockholm.se/
 Several District Data
comparing the different eras when the city was developed

source: http://www.arch.umd.edu/ARCH654/student_work/PLeung_Stockholm.pdf

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

Land Use (1865-1910)

SOURCE: City Planning in Sweden

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

Land Use (Present)

source: . http://www.arch.umd.edu/ARCH654/student_work/PLeung_Stockholm.pdf
ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B
Analysis of Factors affecting
City Form

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

Transportation

source: Robert Schwandl

http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/sto/stockhlm.htm

As early as the 1890, the advent of trams and railways, however, saw the development of sub-urban estates
of one-family houses of the more prosperous and it rapidly became fashion among this class to leave the
houses or large flats in the centre of the town and move in villas in the outlying districts (Odmann, 58). This
suggests that rail transportation had made it possible for future planners to situate residential zones farther
from the city center as it is in the case of Sodermalm, district known for the housing for the typical working
class is connected by train to the workplace district of Norrmalm.
The radio-centric growth of Stockholm was given the freedom to do so by the expansive train lines.
The undulating topography and the archipelagic nature of Stockholm give a unique form to the modern
urban pattern, especially in the vertical dimension. One unique characteristic of the city is bridges. panning
over channels and rivers from a certain height, a layer of rised movement system is naturally formed as the
bridges extend to the inland. Together with the subway system developed in the course of 20th century, the
city center of Stockholm has developed an extensive three dimensional movement system. (Leung, 5)
source: http://international.stockholm.se/Tourism-and-
history/Transport1/
Politics
The central laws relevant in the context are the Swedish Land
and Cadastral Legislation, the Real property Formation Act
(1970:988) and the Planning and Building Act (1987:10).
Further examples in this context are the Environmental Code,
the Water Act (1983:291), the Road Law (1971:948) and the

This was also the case since the 30’s. In The town
Joint Facilities Act (1973:1149). All of these laws and
ordinances form an effective and cohesive system that
secures rights. (un.org)
The constitutional protection found in Chapter 2, Article 18 of
the Instrument of Government is significant to property rights.
The protection guarantees landowners the right to retain or
use their land as they wish. This means that property rights
may be subject to restriction only on the basis of compelling
public interest and that owners must be compensated for the
loss when they give up land or are adversely affected by
restrictions to the right to use the land. Property rights to land

This enabled Stockholm to host City Planning
can therefore be described by saying that the owner has the
right to ongoing land use. There is no automatic right to use
the land for any other purpose. The connection between
ownership and usage prevalent in the country for a very long
time is a key principle (un.org)

In short, these laws tell that a land owned by a
private person may be acquired by the
government if the land use of the area is revised
and is compelling to public interest ergo if the
national government finds the need to redevelop
a land area, it has every right to buy off the
owner with proper compensation
and country planning act of 1931, the national
government could authorize a site development
plan against the wishes of a municipality and
local authorities were granted broader rights to
buy up land to realize the intentions of an
authorize plan. (Astrom, 59). Not only does the
Act entitle the authorities to stop unsuitable
development, but it also enables them to acquire
land against the owner’s will in order to realize
planning intentions for specified area within
specified times…. The compensation to be paid
for land acquired under eminent domain is fixed
by special expropriation courts. (Astrom, 62)
competitions and execute winner’s Master Plan
without dispute against the private sectors
thereby creating control on the growth of the
city and on the efficient solutions to changing
city problems and development.
ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B
Ports
source: www.discoverthebaltic.com/stockholm/i
mages/cruiseberths.png
source: Saurama, Holma, Tammi. Baltic Port list
2006. The center for Maritime Studies,
University of Turku, Finland 2006
Analysis: During 1300’s, Stockholm
had been a primary point of trade
between Sweden and Germany
making it a port city. Although,
today the ports of Frihamnen
634/638, Frihamnen 650,
Värtahamnen 523, Stadsgården
165/167, and Stadsgården 160 that
are situated right at the city center
near Gamla Stan are primarily for
Passenger and Cruise docking.
Large Freights are usually ported in
Gothenburg. This allowed the city
to justify spending for
development on the tourism and
beautification of the city since it
markets to tourist.
ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B
Economy
Stockholm is Scandinavia’s economic center, with the largest gross
regional product (GRP). It is also the metropolitan area with the highest
growth in GRP over the last five years. Like Göteborg, Stockholm is one of
the world’s most innovative regions. It consistently ranks at the top of the
European Innovation Scoreboard, which takes account of such factors as
innovation drivers, knowledge creation, innovations and
entrepreneurship, applications and intellectual property. In relation to its
workforce, Stockholm is the fourth most patent intensive region in the
EU. If only high- tech patents are taken into consideration, Stockholm
ranks third. Around 34% of all patent applications and 35% of all venture
capital investments in Sweden are made in Stockholm County. Most of
these are in IT and electronics, but industry, chemicals and biotechnology
Source: http://www.enotes.com/w/images/thumb/0/0c/Borshuset-
account for the largest investments. Foreign direct investments in 2003-04-14.jpg/250px-Borshuset-2003-04-14.jpg

Stockholm doubled between June 2007 and June 2009, despite the global
recession.
More than a fifth of Stockholm County’s 10,000 export companies export
to the United States. Over the last ten years, the number of foreign
subsidiaries owned by companies in Stockholm County has almost
tripled. Swedish companies based in Stockholm County have 1,120
affiliates in North America. U.S. companies, in turn, are the largest foreign
employer in Stockholm County, accounting for close to 35,000 jobs in
2007. (transatlantic.sais-jhu.edu)
Analysis: The region is not a manufacturing
city. Evidently, there is no need to transport
raw material for processing in factories. The
city thrives on IT and Electronics, chemicals
and industry, chemicals and biotechnology
account for the largest investments

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

Aerial view of current Stockholm

Bilpalatset

source: http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?t=163493 9
Aerial view of current Stockholm

Stockholm's "old town" located on a small isle in the

middle of the body of water ("Knight Firth") that divides
Stockholm.

source: http://www.arch.umd.edu/ARCH654/student_work/PLeung_Stockholm.pdf
ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B
Aerial view of current Stockholm
Downtown Sodermalm and main CBD

source: http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?t=163493
ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B
Aerial view of current Stockholm

Greenery integrated with the city

source: http://forum.skyscraperpage.com/showthread.php?t=163493

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B

Proposed Land Development for 2030
The year is 2030. Come with us on a tour of the projects that are being implemented as part of the City of
Stockholm’s Vision 2030 – A World- Class City. Larger city expansion areas and other significant housing
projects are marked in red.

1. Kista Science City is an integrated area featuring world-leading IT and telecom companies. Housing, areas
for walking, shops, cafés and restaurants make the area inviting.

2. Vällingby centrum One of Sweden’s largest shoppingcentre renewal projects was inaugurated as early as
March 2008. Retail area has increased by 70 percent, and the new buildings blend in well with the area’s
urban core with its famous 1950s environment.

3. Älvsjö centrum A modern and clearly regional hub. The expansion of the Stockholm International Fairs
exhibition halls, plans for the Spårväg Syd tramway and the extension of the underground from Hagsätra
have spurred the development.

5. Förbifart Stockholm, a new 21- kilometre-long road circuit, is planned to link regional centres in the north
and south and streamline the traffic flows across Lake Mälaren.

6. Kungens Kurva – Skärholmen For many Stockholmers, the largest retail area in the Nordic countries is an
easily accessible alternative to the city centre. Through a partnership with the municipality of Huddinge, the
area has become a closely connected regional centre near the E4/E20 motorway.

7. Telefonplan An area focusing on form and design has grown up around the classic industrial environment
near Telefonplan. The Konstfack university college of art and design and Designens Hus design centre are
the hub of an area that features creative activities and new housing.

8. Trams and underground Travel simply! New tramways and underground lines in Stockholm and the
surrounding municipalities simplify transportation for a great many Stockholmers. The thin dashed lines
show some of the new routes.

9. Liljeholmen – Årstadal Now the city centre has definitely taken a leap across Årsta bay. Here the city
centre’s density and range of offerings are combined with proximity to natural areas and recreation.

10. Slussen After 70 years of service, Slussen has been renovated and rebuilt. The new links to Stadsgården
and Skeppsbron make the area even more important as a meeting place.

11. Hammarby Sjöstad Here the city centre has been linked with the districts surrounding Hammarby Lake
and with Nacka. About 30,000 people live and work in the country’s largest development project, with a
focus on water and the environment.

12. Norvik The expanded port at Norvik in Nynäshamn provides increased capacity for freight and passenger
traffic in the region. This has led to the establishment of housing and workplaces in Stockholm’s former port
areas.

13. Stockholm Arlanda Airport is strategically important for the entire Stockholm-Mälar region. High-speed
trains from central Stockholm allow passengers to reach the airport in 20 minutes.
source: http://international.stockholm.se/
ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B
Proposed Land Development for 2030
14. Karolinska – Norra Station A brand new city district that combines housing and workplaces has been
built in cooperation with the Stockholm County Council and the City of Solna. The district provides the ideal
base for world-class research programmes and businesses specialised in life sciences.

17. Citybanan, a six-kilometre-long railway tunnel with two new stations, has doubled rail capacity through
Stockholm. In conjunction with Mälarbanan, it is essential for railway traffic from a local, regional and
national perspective.

18. Stockholm Royal Seaport From Husarviken to Loudden, new housing and workplaces have been
developed. The Värtan financial centre and the modernised port operations with a new travel centre are
strong profiles in the area.

19. Nordvästra Kungsholmen Here the compact central city has seen the addition of 15,000 workplaces,
8,000 residents, and shops, cafés and restaurants. Strandparken and Lindhagensgatan are examples of new
zones in the area.

20. Annedal The area around Bällstaviken, close to Bromma airport, accommodates a large number of new
homes and workplaces. City planning has taken place in cooperation with the City of Solna and the
municipality of Sundbyberg.

21. Klara Hotel and Conference Near Stockholm Central Station, new housing and a hotel and conference
facility of international standing have grown forth as part of this new western city district. To the north, the
railway yards have been decked over and Klarabergsgatan rebuilt.

Starting in spring of 2006 and finishing in spring 2007, in a project entitled “Vision
Stockholm 2030,” the City of Stockholm outlined an overall, long-term vision for a
sustainable growth and development of Stockholm. The project was managed by the
Executive Office, and the vision has come forth through dialogue with spokesmen for
the City itself, with representatives of trade and industry, with schools and
universities, as well as other public authorities. The final vision, named “A World-
Class Stockholm,” presents three coherent themes for Stockholm’s future
development, and describes some of the characteristics of Stockholm as a city in
which to live, work or visit in 2030. The vision is illustrated by examples of the
initiatives and projects that will lead the City on the right path towards making the
vision real. Many of these are shown in the map at the end of this presentation. The
vision also outlines several overall strategies that will be central to the
implementation of the vision. “Vision Stockholm 2030” was formally adopted by the
Stockholm City Council on 11 June, 2007. (Vision 2003)

source: http://international.stockholm.se/
ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B
 Bibliography

Conclusion • CIA, The World Factbook – Sweden.

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-
factbook/geos/sw.html retrieved: Dec. 14, 2010
Geology, topography and climate were considered by the city planning for
• Astrom, Kell. City Planning in Sweden. The Swedish
conserving the natural environment and enhancing the aesthetics. Institute. Stockholm 1967
Although, the effects of those to the actual city form is not notable since
during Renaissance, it was already most of the parts city had already • Odmann, Ella. Dahlberg, Gun-Britt. Urbanization in
Sweden. Uddevalla, 1970
gridiron path despite hills and valley in topography. It left unused spaces
especially on intersection of hills and valleys (Astrom, 33). The some city • Leung, Peter. http://www.arch.umd.edu/
ARCH654/student_work/PLeung_Stockholm.pdf.
districts planning as apparent in current condition still is gridiron in
Retrieved: Dec. 14, 2010
nature.
• Saurama, Holma, Tammi. Baltic Port list 2006. The
Although the city is archipelagic in nature, the bridges that connects the center for Maritime Studies, University of Turku,
Finland 2006
several islands (though expensive) had resulted to faster traffic therefore
faster transport of goods. The quality of life in Stockholm is enhanced • Robert Schwandl. Railway in Stockholm.
http://www.urbanrail.net/eu/sto/stockhlm.htm.
greatly by the advance Rail Transportation, bus and good traffic planning
retrieved: Dec. 14, 2010
allowing the citizens to work on the other Industrial North District of
Norrmalm and avail low-cost suburbs housing in Sodermalm. • Stockholm economy
<http://transatlantic.sais-
jhu.edu/bin/e/h/te2010_hartford.pdf. retrieved: Dec.
The most influential factor contributing to the city form of Stockholm is 14, 2010
perhaps its politics and its vast financial resources. The power to buy off
any existing land for the purposes of developing it for the national • United Nations. National Info- Sweden
http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/sw
priorities such as revising its land use, and the financial resources of eden/land.pdf. retrieved: Dec. 14, 2010
Stockholm give the Government the prime advantage of controlling,
• CITY OF STOCKHOLM EXECUTIVE OFFICE. Vision 2003
modifying and developing its city.
English Version. www.stockholm.se

• Stockholm Official website.

http://international.stockholm.se retrieved: Dec. 14,
2010

ARCH 162 PATIAG, DANIELLE PATRICK B