Cost Estimation

MARS ENGINEERING COLLEGE
ON-SITE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

MANAGEMENT
Level IV
LEARNING GUIDE #1
Unit of Competence: Prepare Job Estimation and Costing
Module Title: Preparing Job Estimation and Costing
LG Code: CON BCM4 03 0211
TTLM Code: CON BCM4 07 1014
LO #1: Gather information

Instruction Sheet Learning Guide # 1
This learning guide is developed to provide you the necessary information regarding the
following content coverage and topics –
 Reading project plans and specifications
 Measurements and quantities
 Labor unit cost projections
 Logistic support contracts, supply agreements or equivalent
 Details of proposed warehousing and physical distribution systems and related cost
factors
 Converting Information to usable form and store ready for retrieval and application
This guide will also assist you to attain the learning outcome stated in the cover page.
Specifically, upon completion of this Learning Guide, you will be able to –
 Read and Understand Appropriate project plans and specifications
 Make Measurements and identify quantities from plans and specifications and which
conforms to standards industry practice
 Obtain and agree Labor unit cost projections
 obtain and analyze Logistic support contracts, supply agreements or equivalent
 Obtain Details of proposed warehousing and physical distribution systems and related
cost factors
 convert Information to usable form and store ready for retrieval and application
Learning Activities
1. Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2. Read the information written in the “Information Sheet”
3. Accomplish the “Self-check”.

4. If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to the next
“Information Sheet ”. However, if your rating is unsatisfactory, see
your teacher for further instructions or go back to Learning Activity.
5. Submit your accomplished Self-check . This will form part of your
training portfolio.
6. Read and Practice “Operation Sheets”.
7. If you think you are ready proceed to “Lap test ”.
8. Request you teacher to observe your demonstration of the exercises

and give you feedback.
 Reading project plans and specifications
 Measurements and quantities
 Labor unit cost projections
INFORMATIO
 Logistic support contracts, supply agreements or equivalent
N SHEET # 1
 Details of proposed warehousing and physical distribution systems
and related cost factors
 Converting Information to usable form and store ready for retrieval
and application
Plans and/or specifications include:
 sketches or drawings
 statements of requirements
 materials lists and quantity schedules
 building codes
 materials specifications
Cost estimate
Estimates of base (civil works) cost must be calculated using unit rates judged to be applicable
for the region of the project site and major quantities of each item shall be calculated from the
drawings in just sufficient detail to serve the needs of proper estimating. Building costs should be
estimated on plinth area. Earthwork costs are based as far as possible on a balance between
cutting and filling. Estimates of cost are given for electricity supply, engineering (design of
detailed plan and supervision of construction), equipment, land procurement and physical
contingencies. Lastly, the operational costs and the production cost are provided under separate
heads.
Before approving a project, the cost of work required must be thoroughly investigated. It is
necessary to prepare the cost estimate, for the intended work from the plans and specifications.
Thus, an estimate for construction work can be defined as the process of calculating the
quantities and costs of the various items needed in connection with the work (Chakraborti, 1922).
Quantity Estimate or Quantity Survey
This is a complete estimate of the quantities of materials or items that may be required to
accomplish the project concerned. The quantity estimate is one of the most important ones in
order to arrive at an accurate cost estimate for the detailed plan.
Detailed Estimate
Based on the results of the quantity estimate, this includes the cost estimate of everything
required for satisfactory completion of work, and should be the best and most reliable estimate
that can be made.
Complete Estimate
This is an estimated cost of all items, i.e. cost of main contract or material, labour and
supervision, cost of land, engineering fees, miscellaneous, viz. removal costs of owner,
contingency percentage, etc., which are related to the work in addition to the detailed estimate.
Preparation of Detailed Estimates
Based on the methods used for the preparation of detailed estimates in different countries, in
general the principal parts of the detailed estimates consist of the following:
General abstract of cost
This includes the name of the project, the date of preparation and the cost of different main sub-
headings, including engineering cost of civil works, cost of equipment and land, etc. as well as
contingencies. The detailed cost of each sub-heading is not shown in the general abstract of cost.
Abstract of cost
The estimated cost of each and every individual item of work is calculated by multiplying the
quantity by the specified rate in tabular form known as "Abstract form' as shown below, then
adding all together to get the actual estimated cost of work. A percentage (1.5 to 2.5 percent) of
the above estimate is usually added for a work charge along with an amount (usually 0.5 percent)
for tools and plant, to calculate the grand total of the estimated cost.
S1. No. Description of item Unit Quantity Rate Amount

Total:
1 ½ % for work charge
½ % for tools and plant
GRAND TOTAL:
In order to ensure that the detailed estimates can be easily surveyed, sub-headings are usually
required. In this case, each sub-heading of the estimate is grouped for similar items of work. For
an aquaculture project, the sub-headings should be as follows:
(a) Site clearing and preparation
(b) Earthwork - this includes excavation, filling, dressing, dewatering, etc.
(c) Concrete work - this includes plain and reinforced concrete works, prefabricated concrete
works, formwork for concrete structures, etc.
(d) Brickwork - this includes brickwork in foundation and plinth, brickwork in superstructures,
etc.
(e) Stonework - this includes stone work for bed or wave protection and in structures, etc.
(f) Woodwork
(g) Steelwork
(h) Roofing
(i) Water supply and sanitary works
(j) Miscellaneous
(k) Finishing
The abstract of cost should contain the different sub-headings shown separately and added
together to show the cost to complete the project.
Analysis of rates
In order to provide a correct and reasonable rate per unit for a particular item, a detailed surveyed
called an "Analysis of rate" should be conducted on costs of materials, labour and equipment as
required for the unit following its specification. The rate per unit of an item consists of the
following:
(a) Quantity of materials and their cost

The quantities of various materials required per unit rate for an item are determined by the
specifications. The cost of materials should be the cost on site. To calculate this, an analysis of
rates of materials should be calculated separately. This includes the market cost of the materials,
including loading and unloading costs, 10 percent profit, and transportation costs.
(b) Labour cost

This includes the number of labourers, skilled and unskilled, and their respective wages
multiplied by the hours required to complete per unit.
(c) Cost of equipment, tools or plant
Wherever possible, the cost of equipment should be allocated to a specific item of rate, i.e. the
cost of operating a concrete mixer should be spread over those items for which it is used. For
certain tools and plant it is difficult to allocate their use to an individual item of rate, and it is
therefore suggested that this expenditure be included in overheads, i.e. establishment charges.
(d) Overhead or establishment charges
These include such items as office rent and depreciation of equipment, salaries of office staff,
postage, lighting, travel, telephone charges, plans and specifications, etc. They are usually 2 /2%
of the net cost of a unit of rate, and may increase to 5 percent.
(e) Profit
In general, a profit of 10 percent is calculated for ordinary contracts after allocating all charges
for equipment, establishment, etc. For small jobs 15 percent profit and for large jobs 8 percent
profit should be considered as common figures.
For such items of work for which it is difficult to prepare an analysis of rate, a lump sum (L.S.)
rate should be provided in the estimate.
Schedule of rates or data for costing
To facilitate the preparation of estimates and to enable them to be prepared in a uniform manner,
a schedule of rates or data for costing each kind of work commonly executed is provided by
different departments in each country. These usually include general conditions, general
specifications, items of different works, data for transportation, materials and labour, method of
rate analysis, plant rate analysis and basic unit rate analysis.
Quantity estimates
As mentioned previously, quantity estimates of items of various works should be prepared to

provide an accurate cost estimate for the implementation of a project. Quantity estimates should
be prepared separately for both the structures and the earthworks.
(i) Quantity estimates for structures and buildings

Measurement of all structures and buildings should be taken as per the standard specification, or
as per the schedule of rate, or as per current practice.
(ii) Quantity estimates of earthworks

The quantity estimates of earthworks, using the plans of cross and longitudinal sections, as well
as contour plans if needed, should be prepared. Measurements for earthwork shall be calculated
from the relevant drawings.
Calculating formulas
(1) Sectional area having no transverse slope for diking or cutting with same side slopes
A = B×d +s×d2, m2
where
B = crest width of dike, m

d = height of diking or depth of cutting, m
s = ratio of side slope as horizontal: vertical
(2) Sectional area having no transverse slope for diking or cutting with different side slopes
m2
where
b = base width of dike, m
(3) Irregular sectional area
Simpson's rule: divide the sectional area into an even number (n) of parallel strips by means of (n
+ 1) ordinates, spaced equal distances, d
(first ordinate + last ordinate + 2 , odd ordinates + 4  even ordinates)
(4) Volumes of earthwork
(a) Mid section formula
In this formula, the mean depth or height should be calculated first by averaging the depths of
two consecutive sections. From the mean depth the area of mid section should be calculated and
volume of earthwork computed by multiplying the area of mid section by the distance between
the two original sections. To estimate the quantity of earthwork for a dike or a channel whose
level sections are taken at a distance, D, which may be varied depending on the ground level in
the longitudinal section of the dike or the channel, a tabular form can be used as shown below:
Station Height or depth at Mean height or Sectional Distance Quantity

station (m) depth (m) area(m2) between
stations (m) Dike Cutting
(m3) (m3)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(b) Trapezoidal or end areas formula
This method is based on the assumption that the mid area of a pyramid is half the average area of
the ends and the end sections are in parallel planes. If A 1 and A2 are areas of the ends the volume
of the prismoid is given by
Quantity of earthwork may be calculated by trapezoidal formula in a tabular form as shown

below
Station Height or depth Sectional Mean sectional Distance between Quantity

at station area area stations
(m) (m2) 2
(m ) (m) Dike Cutting
(m3) (m3)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
(c) Prismoidal formula
If the volume of earth between two successive cross-sections is considered a prismoid, then a
more precise formula, the prismoidal formula, may be used. It is generally considered that end
sections are in parallel planes.
(first area + last area + 4  even areas + 2  odd areas), m3
There are a number of alternative ways in which the prismoidal formula may be used. For
instance, it can be used to calculate the volume of excavation in a smaller nursery pond applying
the prismoidal formula for a single strip
, m3
where
D = depth of excavation, m
A1 = top area of excavation, m2
A2 = bottom area of excavation, m2
Am = mid area of excavation, m2
(d) Volumes from contour lines
This method may be conveniently used where accurate contours are available. The contour
interval will determine the distance D in the trapezoidal or prismoidal formula, and for accuracy
this should be as small as possible, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 m. The areas enclosed by individual
contour lines are best taken off the map by means of a planimeter. In computing the volumes, the
areas enclosed by two successive contour lines are used in the trapezoidal formula, whence:
where
V = volume of earth between contour lines A1 and A2
D = vertical interval
This method can also be used to calculate the volume of water contained in a reservoir,
corresponding to a given height. This is done by calculating the total volume contained below
successive contours and then plotting volume against height to give a curve from which the
volume at intermediate levels may be read.
(e) Volumes from spot levels
This is a method by means of which the earthwork for pond bottom, borrow pits, etc. and similar
works with vertical sides may be calculated. Using this method, the area marked out on the
contour map should be divided up into squares or rectangles. Elevations are taken at each of the
corner points and by subtracting these from the corresponding formation levels, a series of
heights is obtained from which the mean height of a series of vertical truncated prisms of earth
can be found. The volume of each prism is given by the plan area multiplied by the mean height
of the prism. The prisms may, of course, be considered as either rectangles or triangles.
TENDER DOCUMENTS
A tender is a written bid submitted by a Contractor in pursuance of the notification given, to

execute certain work at calculated rates with the terms and conditions laid down in the tender
documents.
Draft Contract
For implementation of the construction works of a project, an agreement, commonly called a

contract, between Owner and Contractor should be concluded which requires that certain legal
formalities be observed by the parties. The nature and content of contracts vary from country to
country and the terms of the contract should be precise and definite and there should be no room
for ambiguity or misconstruction therein. To avoid this contingency, the government department
and agencies as well as the Association of Consulting Engineers or the Institutions of Civil
Engineers have established standard printed contract forms (Abrahamson, 1969).
Types of contracts
Unit-price contract
For unit-price contracts. Contractors are required to quote rates for various items of work on the
basis of the corresponding unit price.
Advantages of unit-price contract:
(i) This form of contract ensures a more detailed analysis of cost by the Contractor. The authority
concerned with accepting the tender can easily control the rates with reference to its own
calculations and decide which of the tenders is favourable.
(ii) Since the Contractors are to write rates of individual items in figures as well as in words, it is
not easy to form a ring during submission of tender and allot work to one of the Contractors
without competition.
(iii) The Contractors work out the unit prices of all items of the Bill of Quantities in order to put
them in the bid. Thus, an unworkable rated tender may be avoided, which leads to smooth
progress and timely completion of the work.
Lump-sum contract
In this form of contract the Contractor is required to quote a fixed sum for execution of the work
completed in all respects. For such a contract, it is very important that the drawings and
specifications be comprehensive and show in complete detail all features and requirements of the
work.
Advantages of lump-sum contract;
(i) The employer knows exactly what the work will cost.
(ii) Detailed measurements of the work executed are not required to be recorded except in
respect of additions and alterations.
Contract with lump-sum and unit prices
In this form of contract the Contractor is required to quote partly a fixed sum for execution of an
entire structure completely detailed on the drawings, and partly unit prices which may be
required for features of variable quantities such as excavation of drains for ponds.
Negotiated contract
When work is awarded on contract by mutual negotiation between the parties without call of
tenders, it is said to be a negotiated contract. It may be in any of the forms mentioned above.
Advantages of this contract are that it brings some economy in expenditure. The parties selected
being always reliable and financially sound, ensure interrupted work with less chance of dispute.
Draft contracts consist of general provisions or general conditions and special provisions or
special conditions. The general provisions set forth the rights and responsibilities of the parties to
the construction contract and the surety, the requirements governing their business and legal
relationships. Particular requirements of the project are separately inserted in the special
provisions.
General provisions or general conditions
Governments have their own standard general conditions of contract provided on the printed
tender form. The conditions specify mainly the following articles:
1. Definitions and interpretation

2. Engineer's representative
3. Assignment and subletting
4. Extent of contract
5. Contract documents
6. General obligations
7. Labour
8. Work materials and plant
9. Commencement time and delays
10. Maintenance and defects
11. Alterations, additions and omissions
12. Property in materials and plant
13. Measurement
14. Provisional and prime cost sums
15. Certificates and payment
16. Remedies and powers
17. Special risks
18. Frustration
19. Settlement of disputes
20. Notices
21. Default of Employer
The general provisions used by FAO in the contract for an aquaculture project specify the
following articles:
1. Nature and interpretation of contract

2. Delays and default
3. Acceptance
4. Copyrights and patents
5. Disputes and arbitration
6. Liability with respect to claims
7. Changes and amendments
8. Termination
9. Notices
Special provisions or special conditions
There are several articles or clauses in the special provisions of a contract to govern the character
of the work to be carried out. The general form used by FAO for aquaculture projects which
comprise mainly the following articles:
1. Work and services to be executed by the Contractor

2. Equipment, materials, supplies, services and personnel to be provided by the Contractor
3. Schedule of performance
4. Authorizations and permits
5. Levies, duties, taxes, etc.
6. Statement of accounts and/or invoices of Contractor
7. Overpayments
8. Remuneration and method of payment
9. Revision of prices
10. Bonus for early completion and penalties
11. Certificates of completion of works
12. Period of maintenance
13. Completion of period of maintenance
14. Supervision of works
15. Construction site logbook
16. Organization of the construction site
17. Particulars to be supplied
18. Presence of the Contractor on the construction site
19. Insurances at the cost of the Contractor
20. Clearance of site on completion
21. Patent rights and royalties
22. Inspection of site
23. Designation of the Organization's Resident Engineer
Statements of Work, Services and Technical Specifications
Statements of work and services contain the scope of the work including description of the site
for work, soil characteristics determined by the reconnaissance soil survey carried out at the site,
meteorological features needed for the construction works and the operation of the project,
description of the project in detail including the construction works and services required.
The technical specifications contain detailed descriptions of all workmanship, services and
materials as well as testing methods which are required to complete a project in accordance with
the drawings and specifications.
The specifications required for a project are as follows:
1) Specification of work is required to describe the quality and different materials needed for a
construction work and is one of the essential contract documents. In this manner the Contractor
can prepare a programme to procure the materials required for a project as well as enabling the
Owner's representative (the Engineer) to check the quality of materials, confirming the
specifications and thereby avoiding any dispute with the Contractor.
2) This also specifies the scope of work and services provided by the Contractor to the Engineer
as well as the workmanship, including the method of performing the work. Thus specification of
a work serves as a guide both to the Contractor and the Engineer in order to execute the work to
their satisfaction.
3) As the rate of work is based on a specification, the Contractor can calculate the rates of
various items of works in a tender with his procurement rates of materials and labour. Thus
tender documents without specifications of works are baseless;
4) The necessity of specification is to test the quality of materials for the work involved in a
project.
5) Specification is an essential contract document and is required for Arbitration or court cases.
Types of specifications
The specifications are divided into two types as follows:
Standard specifications
The governmental departments and other public agencies sponsoring public works publish
"standard specifications", ensuring a uniformity of administrative procedure and of quality of
constructed facilities, as evidenced by specific requirements of materials and workmanship
(Merritt, 1968).
Master specifications
In order that the specifications for a particular contract may be completely adaptable to the work
of a contract, the standard specifications almost always require modifications and additions.
Therefore, master specifications are prepared by design organizations. A master specification
covers a particular item of construction, such as excavation of drains, dikes and concrete
structures of ponds, etc. It contains requirements for all possible conditions and construction that
can be anticipated for that particular item.
Specification writing
Specifications usually are written in the traditional style of composition. They should be
prepared with as much detail as necessary to convey that which is required and hence agreed to.
Ambiguity and verbosity should be avoided. A good specification is clear, concise and easily
understood. The courts have traditionally interpreted ambiguous requirements against the party
who prepared them. Since specifications supplement the drawings, the special provisions and
standard specifications together should not leave any doubt as to the quality of the required work.
Bill of Quantities
A bill of quantities or schedule of quantities consists of a complete list of all various items of
works for a project, giving the item number and description of items with unit and quantity of
work against each, thus enabling an estimated calculation of price of work. The bill of quantities
is prepared from drawings and specifications and is arranged in a tabular form without
completing columns of rate and amount. The work of a project is usually divided into separate
elements for payment purposes with respect to the kind of work involved, each element as a
separate bill designated as a payment item. The total price of a bid is obtained by summation of
the amounts for all items scheduled in the tender, arrived at by multiplying the estimated number
of units for each item by the corresponding unit-price bid. A sample summary used for bill of
quantities and contract cost is shown in Annex 6.
Schedule of Execution
The Contractor shall complete the work and services of the project to be executed under the
contract in accordance with the schedule of execution.
Schedules may be performed in either tabular or graphical form, although the graphical form is
generally used because of ease in visualization.
The most widely used graphical presentation of schedule of execution is the rectangular bar chart
(Figure 9). It shows starting and completion dates for each item of work. It indicates the items on
which work must proceed concurrently, items that overlap others and by how much, and the
items that must be completed before work on others can begin. It is a convenient way to advise
the Contractor of necessary material delivery dates.
For comparing performance of work with that scheduled, a bar is usually placed above the
schedule bar showing actual start and completion dates. The chart in Figure 9 indicates that
clearing and preparing of site started on the date programmed and was completed ahead of time
whereas construction of outlets began late. At the close of August, construction of outlets was
75% complete. This method has the advantage of being simple. It can be used for a small-scale
project, however a more detailed schedule of execution is required for a large-scale project. In
this case bar charts have to be separately prepared for performance of work items and others
showing materials and different machinery needed for all items of works.
Figure 9. Rectangular-bar progress schedule

5.6 Bidding Schedule
The bidding schedule is a very important document on which the contractor summarises his bid
including the total price of bid, the load bearing capacity of the soil at the site on which the bid is
calculated and confirms as well as signs the terms and conditions of the contract. There are
various forms of a bidding schedule.
5.7 Approved Drawings
One set of approved drawings prepared for the project should be provided with the tender, on
which the bidders will be able to control the tender's bill of quantities and calculate their bids.
The following drawings have been generally enclosed with the tender documents:
1. Location map of the project, scale 1:50 000

2. General layout of the project, scale 1:2 000
3. Setting out plan, scale 1:2 000
4. Cross-section plan, scale 1:100
5. Longitudinal section of drains, dikes, etc., scale 1:2 000/1:100
6. Structural drawings, including reinforced concrete, scale 1:50
7. Details, scale 1:20
8. Plans of the hatchery and other buildings, scale 1:100
9. Plans of the pumping station, scale 1:500/1:50
10. Electrical installations, scale 1:50
11. Sanitary and other, if necessary, installations, scale 1:50
Further drawings may be issued from time to time at the discretion of the Engineer, as need
arises.
Example 1: Project Budget for a Constructor

Table1. illustrates a summary budget for a constructor. This budget is developed from a project
to construct a wharf. As with the example design office budget above, costs are divided into
direct and indirect expenses. Within direct costs, expenses are divided into material, subcontract,
temporary work and machinery costs. This budget indicates aggregate amounts for the various
categories. Cost details associated with particular cost accounts would supplement and support
the aggregate budget shown in Table1. A profit and a contingency amount might be added to the
basic budget of $1,715,147 shown in Table 1 for completeness.
TABLE 1 An Example of a Project Budget for a Wharf Project (Amounts in Thousands of
Dollars)
Material Cost Subcontract Work Temporary Work Machinery Cost Total Cost
Steel Piling $292,172 $129,178 $16,389 $0 $437,739
Tie-rod 88,233 29,254 0 0 117,487
Anchor-Wall 130,281 60,873 0 0 191,154
Backfill 242,230 27,919 0 0 300,149
Coping 42,880 22,307 13,171 0 78,358
Dredging 0 111,650 0 0 111,650
Fender 48,996 10,344 0 1,750 61,090
Other 5,000 32,250 0 0 37,250
Sub-total $849,800 $423,775 $29,560 $1,750 $1,304,885
Summary
Total of direct cost $1,304,885
Indirect Cost
Common Temporary Work 19,320
Common Machinery 80,934
Transportation 15,550
Office Operating Costs 294,458
Total of Indirect Cost 410,262.
Total Project Cost $1,715,147
Schedule Control
In addition to cost control, project managers must also give considerable attention to monitoring
schedules. Construction typically involves a deadline for work completion, so contractual
agreements will force attention to schedules. More generally, delays in construction represent
additional costs due to late facility occupancy or other factors. Just as costs incurred are
compared to budgeted costs, actual activity durations may be compared to expected durations. In
this process, forecasting the time to complete particular activities may be required.
The methods used for forecasting completion times of activities are directly analogous to those
used for cost forecasting. For example, a typical estimating formula might be:
where Df is the forecast duration, W is the amount of work, and h t is the observed productivity to
time t. As with cost control, it is important to devise efficient and cost effective methods for
gathering information on actual project accomplishments. Generally, observations of work
completed are made by inspectors and project managers and then work completed is estimated as
described above. Once estimates of work complete and time expended on particular activities is
available, deviations from the original duration estimate can be estimated. The calculations for
making duration estimates are quite similar to those used in making cost estimatesabove.
For example, Figure 1 shows the originally scheduled project progress versus the actual progress
on a project. This figure is constructed by summing up the percentage of each activity which is
complete at different points in time; this summation can be weighted by the magnitude of effort
associated with each activity. In Figure 1, the project was ahead of the original schedule for a
period including point A, but is now late at point B by an amount equal to the horizontal distance
between the planned progress and the actual progress observed to date.
Figure 1 Illustration of Planned versus Actual Progress over Time on a Project
Schedule adherence and the current status of a project can also be represented on geometric
models of a facility. For example, an animation of the construction sequence can be shown on a
computer screen, with different colors or other coding scheme indicating the type of activity
underway on each component of the facility. Deviations from the planned schedule can also be
portrayed by color coding. The result is a mechanism to both indicate work in progress and
schedule adherence specific to individual components in the facility.
In evaluating schedule progress, it is important to bear in mind that some activities possess float
or scheduling leeway, whereas delays in activities on the critical path will cause project delays.
In particular, the delay in planned progress at time t may be soaked up in activities' float (thereby
causing no overall delay in the project completion) or may cause a project delay. As a result of
this ambiguity, it is preferable to update the project schedule to devise an accurate protrayal of
the schedule adherence. After applying a scheduling algorithm, a new project schedule can be
obtained. For cash flow planning purposes, a graph or report similar to that shown in Figure 2can
be constructed to compare actual expenditures to planned expenditures at any time. This process
of re-scheduling to indicate the schedule adherence is only one of many instances in which
schedule and budget updating may be appropriate, as discussed in the next section.
Figure 2 Illustration of Planned versus Actual Expenditures on a Project
Example 3: Schedule Updates in a Small Project
As an example of the type of changes that might be required, consider the nine activity project
described aboe and appearing in Figure 3. Also, suppose that the project is four days underway,
with the current activity schedule and progress as shown in Figure 4. A few problems or changes
that might be encountered include the following:
1. An underground waterline that was previously unknown was ruptured during the
fifth day of the project. An extra day was required to replace the ruptured section,
and another day will be required for clean-up. What is the impact on the project
duration?
o To analyze this change with the critical path scheduling procedure, the
manager has the options of (1) changing the expected duration of activity
C, General Excavation, to the new expected duration of 10 days or (2)
splitting activity C into two tasks (corresponding to the work done prior to
the waterline break and that to be done after) and adding a new activity
representing repair and clean-up from the waterline break. The second
approach has the advantage that any delays to other activities (such as
activities D and E) could also be indicated by precedence constraints.
o Assuming that no other activities are affected, the manager decides to
increase the expected duration of activity C to 10 days. Since activity C is
on the critical path, the project duration also increases by 2 days. Applying
the critical path scheduling procedure would confirm this change and also
give a new set of earliest and latest starting times for the various activities.
2. After 8 days on the project, the owner asks that a new drain be installed in
addition to the sewer line scheduled for activity G. The project manager
determines that a new activity could be added to install the drain in parallel with
Activity G and requiring 2 days. What is the effect on the schedule?
o Inserting a new activity in the project network between nodes 3 and 4
violates the activity-on-branch convention that only one activity can be
defined between any two nodes. Hence, a new node and a dummy activity
must be inserted in addition to the drain installation activity. As a result,
the nodes must be re-numbered and the critical path schedule developed
again. Performing these operations reveals that no change in the project
duration would occur and the new activity has a total float of 1 day.
o To avoid the labor associated with modifying the network and re-
numbering nodes, suppose that the project manager simply re-defined
activity G as installation of sewer and drain lines requiring 4 days. In this
case, activity G would appear on the critical path and the project duration
would increase. Adding an additional crew so that the two installations
could proceed in parallel might reduce the duration of activity G back to 2
days and thereby avoid the increase in the project duration.
3. At day 12 of the project, the excavated trenches collapse during Activity E. An
additional 5 days will be required for this activity. What is the effect on the
project schedule? What changes should be made to insure meeting the completion
deadline?
o Activity E has a total float of only 1 day. With the change in this activity's
duration, it will lie on the critical path and the project duration will
increase.
o Analysis of possible time savings in subsequent activities is now required,
using the procedures described above.
Figure 3 A Nine Activity Example Project
Figure 4 Current Schedule for an Example Project Presented as a Bar Chart

As can be imagined, it is not at all uncommon to encounter changes during the course of a
project that require modification of durations, changes in the network logic of precedence
relationships, or additions and deletions of activities. Consequently, the scheduling process
should be readily available as the project is underway.
Self Check #
1 Written test
I. Answer the following questions.

1. Measurements are made and quantities identified from
_________________.
2. Explain Labor unit cost.

MANAGEMENT
Level IV
LEARNING GUIDE #2
LO #2: Identify and calculate labor cost

 The types on-site personnel
 The labor hours for non-contract elements
 Time requirements for work activities and other lead times
 The costs or rates for required on-site work.
 Identify the types and numbers of appropriate on-site personnel and estimate the time
required .
 calculate the labor hours for non-contract elements of on-site work .
 estimate time requirements for work activities and other lead times
 calculate the costs or rates for required on-site work.
Learning Activities
1.Read the specific objectives of this Learning Guide.
2.Read the information written in the “Information Sheet”
3.Accomplish the “Self-check”.
4.If you earned a satisfactory evaluation proceed to the next “Information
Sheet ”. However, if your rating is unsatisfactory, see your teacher for
further instructions or go back to Learning Activity.
5.Submit your accomplished Self-check . This will form part of your
training portfolio.
6.Read and Practice “Operation Sheets”.
7.If you think you are ready proceed to “Lap test ”.
8.Request you teacher to observe your demonstration of the exercises and
give you feedback.
INFORMATIO  The types on-site personnel
N SHEET # 1  The labor hours for non-contract elements
 Time requirements for work activities and other lead times
 The costs or rates for required on-site work.
Before starting any construction one has to have a thorough knowledge about the type of the
work and the probable cost that may be required for the completion of the project. Otherwise, the
construction will be stopped before its completion due to shortage of money or materials.
There are two types of estimates, Approximate/Rough estimate: To get an idea for the probable
expenditure in a short timeand also to prepare a preliminary estimate before drawing up a
detailed estimate for a project,and this is made after knowing the costs of similar projects. The
second one is detailed estimate: This is the best method and includes the quantities and cost of
everything required for the work. It requires Drawings and Specification Therefore, quantity
surveying may be defined as the process of calculating the quantities and cost of various works
required in connection with the project.quantity surveying have many purposes such, To know
the amount of money required, To know the quantities of materials required, To know the
different workers to be employed, To draw up the construction schedule and program etc. Our
project is focused on detail estimation.
Understanding how the building design influences constructioncosts is a challenging task for
estimators. Estimatorsmust identify the design conditions that are important i.e., incur a cost and
adjust the activities, resources, and resourceproductivity rates that form the basis of a
costestimate for a particular design. The primary product 3-D model exchangestandard for the
architecture, engineering, and constructionindustry.Models by extracting dimensional
information forquantity takeoff calculations However, in addition to dimensional information,
other types of design conditions impact the cost ofconstructing building components, such as
openings, penetrations,and component similarity. Estimators have differentpreferences for
describing these different design
conditions and the impact they have on a specific component’sconstruction cost. To provide
product models that
are useful for cost estimating, estimators need a vocabulary for describing the different types of
design conditionsthat affect construction costs and a framework to capturethis knowledge from
estimators so that it can be reusedfrom project to project in feature-based cost analysis.
Labour cost
This includes the number of labourers, skilled and unskilled, and their respective wages
multiplied by the hours required to complete per unit.
Identify and calculate labor cost
• The types and numbers of appropriate personnel are identified and the time required is
estimated.
• The labor hours for non-contract elements of work are calculated.
• Time requirements for work activities and other lead times are estimated
• The costs or rates for required work are calculated.
Labor costs :are generally divided into direct and indirect costs.
• The direct labor cost is for labor directly involved in manufacturing the part ( productive
labor).
• This cost includes all labor from the time ,materials are first handled to the time the
product is finished.
• This time is generally referred to as floor –to-floor time.
The direct labor cost is calculated by multiplying the labor rate ( hourly wage , including
benefits) by the time that the worker spends producing the part.The time required for producing a
part depends not only on required part size , shape and dimensional accuracy , but also on the
work piece material.
Step 1
Determine which workers are considered direct laborers. Direct laborers are workers who
directly perform work on the product being produced. For example, in an automotive factory,
the person puts the wheels on the car is a direct laborer, but the person who sweeps the
floors is not.
Step 2
Add up the total hours that all direct laborer work in the period in question. If you had four
direct laborers, who worked 400, 300, 200 and 500 hours, you would add these hours up to get
1,400 hours.
Step 3
Multiply the number of hours by the labor rate. This will give you the total direct
manufacturing costs. Assuming that the wage rate was $10 per hour, you would multiply it by
1,400 -- the number of hours in this example -- to get total direct manufacturing costs of $14,000.
Self Check #
2 Written test
1.How do you calculate labour cost?
2. Describe time requirements for work activities and other lead times.

MANAGEMENT
Level IV
LEARNING GUIDE #3
LO #3: Identify and establish physical resource

requirements
 Physical resource requirements
 Lists of materials and quantities
 Quantities against project or standard construction contracts
 Supplier prices for materials and consumables
 Plant or equipment requirements
 Identify physical resource requirements .
 Calculate lists of materials and produce quantities.
 Establish quantities against project or standard construction contracts.
 Obtain supplier prices for materials and consumables .
 Identify and cost Plant or equipment requirements.
Learning Activities
training portfolio.
give you feedback.
 Physical resource requirements
INFORMATIO  Lists of materials and quantities
N SHEET # 1  Quantities against project or standard construction contracts
 Supplier prices for materials and consumables
 Plant or equipment requirements
Plant or equipment requirements include:

 on-site equipment such as compressors, pumps,
 generators, portable lighting, lifting equipment and
 portable compaction equipment etc
 heavy equipment such as wheeled and tracked
 earthmoving equipment, trucks and articulated vehicles
 mobile and/or tower cranes
 hoists
 conveyors
 communications equipment
• Physical resource requirements are identified.
• Lists of materials are produced and quantities calculated.
• Quantities against project or standard contracts are established.
• Supplier prices for materials and consumables are obtained.
• Plant or equipment requirements are identified and costed.
• A resource is anything (e.g., people, material, money, capital asset) that help to achieve a
purpose. It includes knowledge, technology, power, material, people, time , information
and finance.
• Process of Resource Management
• ACQUISITION: procuring the right resources from the right sources at the right time
• ALLOCATION: Involves decisions about how resources are developed within a set of
time or period
• UTILIZATION: Putting the resources plan into operation. It involves activities such as
setting, timetabling, ordering supplies, maintenance and development.
• EVALUATION: evaluation of the past use of resources with a view to informing future
decision – making
• Inventory records
• Refers to stored information on the status of each item by time period, called time
buckets. It includes
• gross requirements,
• scheduled receipts, and
• expected amount on hand.
Self Check #
3 Written test

1.How do you identify site equipment requirement?
2.Produce list of materials.


MANAGEMENT
Level IV
LEARNING GUIDE #4
LO #4: Develop estimated project costs
 selecting and applying appropriate labor rates and material costs
 Estimates of unit costs
 Costs to the project of work cover
 Company overhead recovery and margins
 project costs for inclusion in a tender or bill
 select and apply appropriate labor rates and material costs.
 determine and apply estimates of unit costs, as appropriate.
 identify and apply costs to the project of work cover, environmental protection agency
requirements, seeking approvals, waste management site fees and other statutory or
additional costs.
 Apply company overhead recovery and margins.
 calculate completed estimated project costs for inclusion in a tender or bill.
Learning Activities
training portfolio.
give you feedback.
 selecting and applying appropriate labor rates and material costs

INFORMATIO  Estimates of unit costs
N SHEET # 1  Costs to the project of work cover
 Company overhead recovery and margins
 project costs for inclusion in a tender or bill
Unit costs may include but are not limited to the cost of:
 tiling per square meter
 painting per square meter
 masonry walls per meter square
 construction cost per square meter
 installation of sanitary ware per unit
 laying of foundation per meter
 laying of slabs per meter square
 installation of pipes per meter laying of steel tray roofing per meter square
Project costs include:
 organizational and subcontract labor hours

 project administration costs
 overheads
 building or construction materials
 cost of meeting statutory requirements
 waste removal fees
 fuels, lubricants, consumables
 site facilities such as offices, toilets, lunch rooms
 communications costs
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
Item T D S Description
A. SUB STRUCTURE WORK
1. EXCAVATION & EARTH WORK
18.50 1.1 Clear and remove top soil to an average depth of 200mm
16.50 18.50 * 16.50 = 305.2 m2
305.2 m2
1.2 Bulk excavation in ordinary soil to 400mm depth from RGL to
18.50 remove expansive soil material.
16.50 18.50 * 16.50 * 0.40 = 122.1 m3
0.40
122.1 m3
1.3 Pit excavation in ordinary soil to a depth not exceeding 1800mm
1.80 from reduced ground Level.
1.70 1.80 * 1.70 * 1.70 =78.03 m3
1.70
78.03 m3
1.4 Trench excavation for masonry foundation to 900mm depth
starting from reduced ground level
70.12 10.2+11.94+9.11+12.5+5.58+0.45+4.92+2.19+3.75+580+358
0.9 = 70.12
0.8 Trench excavation a depth of 900mm from GL
50.48 m3 70.12 * 0.9 * 0.8 = 50.48 m3
1.5 Back fill around foundation with selected material from site and
compact in layers not exceeding 200mm thick.
From pit excavation

Back fill = Total pit excavation - volume of footing
= 78.03 m3 - 6.4 m3 + 1.406 m3
3
70. 22 m
From trench excavation
Back fill = Trench excavation - trench masonry
= 50.48 m3 _ 18.120+16.3
=16.06
Total back fill = 70. 22 +16.06
86.28 m3
= 86.28 m3
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
1. 6.Cart away
Load and cart away all excavated material to an appropriate tip
Site clear and Top soil + bulk excavation
= 305.2*0.20
61.04 = 61.04
78.03 = 61.04 + 78.03 m3
139.07 m3 =139.07 m3
1. 7.Hard core
250mm thick basaltic stone hardcore well rolled, consolidated and blinded
with crushed stone.
3.05
4.47
13.63 m2 Area -1
2.55
3.62
9.23 m2 Area -2
3.60
2.55
9.18 m2 Area -3
5.45
4.47
24.36 m2 Area - 4
3.58
5.45
17.72 m2
2.08 Area – 5& 5’
4.55
9.46 m2 Area - 6
3.90
0.80
3.12 m2 Area - 7
4.10
1.50
6.15 m2 Area - 8
3.90
1.80
7.02 m2 Area - 9
99.87 m2 Total area of hard core with a depth of 250mm.
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
2. CONCRETE WORK
2.1. lean concrete
50 mm lean concrete quality C-5, with minimum cement content of 150 kg
/m3, of concrete:
15/ 1.70 a) Under Footings
1.70
43.35 m2 43.35x0.05=2.16
b) Under Masonry
60.64
0.6 36.39x0.05=1.81
36.39 m2
4.55
5.26 c) Under parking
2
23.93 m
23.93x0.05=1.19
103.67 m2 Total area of lean concrete
2.2.Reinforced concrete quality C-25,360 kg of cement/m3 filled in to form

work and vibrated around rod reinforcement (Formwork and reinforcement
15/ 1.20 measured separately)
1.20 a) In footings
0.30
6.48 m3 volume of concrete for footing pad (footing slab)
1.50
15/ 0.25
0.25
1.406 m3 volume of concrete for footing column
b) In grade beams
14.75
3/ 0.50
0.30
6.63 m3 On axis D,C & A
11.85
2/ 0.50
0.30
3.55 m3 On axis 1 & 2
10.04
2/ 0.50
0.30
3.01 m3 On axis 3 & 4
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
4.55
0.50
0.30
0.68 m3 On axis 7
7.36
0.50
0.30
1.10 m3 On axis 8
5.52
0.50
0.30 On axis 9
0.82 m3
6.03
0.50
0.30
0.90 m3 On axis 10
16.70 m3 Total volume of concrete for grade beam
c) In 100mm thick ground slab.

Summation of A1, A2, A3, A4, A5,……. A9
= 99.87 m2
99.87 99.87x0.10=9.98 m3
0.10
9.98 m3 Total volume of ground floor slab
2.3.form work
Provide, cut and fix in position sawn zigba wood or steel formwork which
ever is appropriate.
a) To footing.
for footing pad form work
15/ 4.88
0.30
21.96 m2
(2*1.24)+(2*1.2)= 4.88
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
Item T D S
for footing column form work
15/ 3.00
0.58
26.10 m2
15/ 3.00
0.50 (1.5*2) = 3.00
22.50 m2 (2*.29) = 0.58
(2*.25) = 0.50
48.60 m2 Total area of form work for footing column and for footing pad
b) To grade beams form work

26.90
0.30
8.07 m2 Grade beam on Axis D
24.90
0.30
7.47 m2 Grade beam on Axis C
15.96
0.30
4.77 m2 Grade beam on Axis B
15.80
0.30
4.74 m2 Grade beam on Axis A
18.62
0.30
5.60 m2 Grade beam on Axis 4
16.50
0.30
18.42
0.30
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
20.42
0.30
47.26 m2 Total area of form work for grade Beam
3. MASONRY WORK
500mm thick hard trachytic roughly dressed stone masonry foundation wall
below ground level bedded in cement mortar (1:3)
foundation wall
70.12*0.5*0.9
=31.55 m3
31.55 m3
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
B-SUPER STRUCTURE
1. Reinforced concrete quality C-25,360 kg of cement/m3 filled in to form

work and vibrated around rod reinforcement (Formwork and
reinforcement measured separately)
3.05 a)In elevation columns (concrete work)
3/15 0.25
0.25
8.57 m3 Total volume of elevation column concrete for the whole three floors.
b) In upper beams (concrete work)

14.75
3/ 0.30
0.35
4.64 m3 volume of concrete for upper beam on axis D,C & A
10.04
4/ 0.30
0.35
4.21 m3 volume of concrete for upper beam On axis 1,2,3,& 4
9.37
0.30
0.35 0.98 m3 volume of concrete for upper beam On axis B
9.83 m3 Total volume of concrete for upper beam
c. Top tie beam (concrete work)

10.04
3/ 0.30
0.35
4.21 m3 volume of concrete for top tie beam on axis 2,3,&4
9.55
3/ 0.30
0.35
3.01 m3 volume of concrete for top tie beam on axis D,C & A
4.37
0.30
0.35 0.45 m3 volume of concrete for top tie beam on axis B
6.628 m3 Total volume of concrete for top tie beam
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
d. Lintel beam (concrete work)
2.75
0.20
0.20
0.11 m3 Volume of concrete for lintel beam for W1
3.72
3/ 0.20
0.20
0.45 m3 Volume of concrete for lintel beam for or FD1
2.75
3/ 0.20
0.20
2.00
2/ 0.20
0.20
0.12 m3 Volume of concrete for lintel beam for D1 (external)
2.75
3/ 0.20
0.20
4.20
2/ 0.20
0.20
1.50
2/ 0.20
0.20
2.30
2/ 0.20
0.20
2.74
9/ 0.20
0.20
0.986 m3 Volume of concrete for lintel beam D1(internal)
2.74
4/ 0.20
0.20
0.438 m3 Volume of concrete for lintel beam D2
3.86 m3 Total volume of concrete for lintel beam
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
e. Slab for first floor (concert work)

3.05
4.47
0.20
2.72 m3 Volume of concrete for first floor slab for A1
3.90
0.80
0.20
3.60
2.55
0.20
3.00
3.70
0.20
2.22 m3 Volume of concrete for first floor slab for A6’
2.55
3.62
0.20
5.20
6.35
0.20
7.97
0.20
1.59 m3 Volume of concrete for first floor slab for A5 & 5’
3.90
1.80
0.20
18.82 m3 Total volume of concrete for first floor slab
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
5.00 f. slab for Second floor (concrete work)

3.70
0.20
3.70 m3 Volume of concrete for second floor slab for A1
3.62
2.55
0.20
3.90
0.80
0.20
5.45
4.47
0.20
3.40
6.30
0.20
7.97
0.20
1.59 m3 Volume of concrete for second floor slab for A5 & 5’
3.90
1.80
0.202
18.30 m3 Total volume of concrete for second floor slab
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
g. In Stair cases (concrete work)
1. Steps (going) (concrete work)
0.18
0.30
1.20
1.17 m3 Volume of concrete for ground floor (2 flight)
1.17 m3 Same Volume of concrete for first floor (2 flight)
2.34 m3 Total volume of concrete for steps
2. landing (concrete work)
1.20
2/ 2.50
0.15
0.90 m3 Total volume of concrete for landing
3.stair slab(concrete work)

3.14m
1.62m
2.7m
C2 = a2+b2
= (2.7)2+(1.62)2
3.14 c = 3.14 m
4/ 1.20
0.15
2.26 m3 Total volume of concrete for stair slab.
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
a.1.In elevation columns for ground floor (form work)
2.75
15/2 0.29
23.92 m2
15/2 2.75
0.25
20.62 m2
44.54 m2 Total area of form work for ground floor.
a.1.2. for upper floor column form work
44.62 m2 Total area of form work for upper floor.
a.1.3. for upper floor column form work

8/2 2.75
0.25
11.00 m2
8/2 2.75
0.29
12.76 m2
23.76 m2
13.55
0.30
Total area of form work for second floor.
4.06 m2
b.1. In upper beams (form work)
28.30
Upper beam form work for axis D.
0.35
9.90 m2
axis D form work bottom
L= external + internal
= 14.75+13.55 = 28.3
axis D form work side

Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
Upper beam form work for axis C.
13.55
0.30
4.06 m2 Axis C form work bottom.
27.10 L= 13.55*2 (external & internal)

0.35 = 27.1
9.48 m2 Axis C form work side.
Upper beam form work for axis B.

2/ 8.73
0.35
6.11 m2 Axis B form work side.
8.73
0.30
2.62 m2 Axis B form work bottom.
Upper beam form work for axis A.

2.83
0.35
9.90 m2 Axis A form work side.
13.55
0.35
4.065 m2 Axis A form work bottom.
Upper beam form work for axis 1.

L = 10.04 + 8.84
= 18.88
4/ 18.88
0.35
26.40 m2 Axis 1 form work side.
8.84
4/ 0.30
10.65 m2 Axis 1 form work bottom.
87.21 m2 Total area of form work for upper beam.
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
c.1. Top tie beam (form work)
3/ 18.88 Top tie beam form work for axis 2,3, & 4.
0.35
19.82 m2 Axis 2, 3, & 4.form work side.
L = (External =10.04) + (Internal =8.84)

3/ 8.84 = 18.88m
0.30
7.95 m2 Axis 2, 3, & 4. Form work bottom.
Top tie beam form work for axis C, D & A.

3/ 18.20 = 18.20m
0.35
16.38 m2 Axis C, D & A form work side.
3/ 8.65
0.30
7.78 m2 Axis C, D & A form work bottom.
Top tie beam form work for axis B.

8.14 = 8.14m
0.35
2.84 m2 Axis B form work side.
3.77
0.30
1.13 m2 Axis B form work bottom.
55.9 Total area of top tie beam

m2
3/ 2.75
0.20 d.1. Lintel beam (form work)
2
1.65 m
3/3 3.72 area of form work for w1
0.20
6.69 m2
area of form work for FD
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
3/3 2.75
0.20
4.95 m2 area of form work for W5
2.00
6/3 0.20
1.52
2/3 0.20
1.82 m2 area of form work for D1 (External)
2.75
5/3 0.20
4.20
2/3 0.20
1.50
2/3 0.20
2/3 2.30
0.20
9/3 2.74
0.20
14.79 m2 area of form work for D1-(internal)
4/3 2.74
0.20
6.51 m2 area of form work for D2
58.16 m2 Total area of form work from all lintel beam.
e.1. Slab for first floor (form work)

3.05
4.47
13.63 m2 area of form work for A1

3.90
0.80
3.12 m2 area of form work forA7
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
3.60
2.55
3.00
3.70
11.1 m2 area of form work for A6’
2.55
3.62
5.20
6.35
7.97
7.97 m2 area of form work for A5 & 5’

3.90
1.80
94.27m2 Total area of form work from the first floor slab.
f.1. slab for Second floor (form work)
5.00
3.70
3.62
2.55
3.90
0.80 3.12 m2 area of form work for A7
5.45
4.47 24.36 m2 area of form work for A4
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
3.40
6.30
7.97
7.97 m2 area of form work for A5 & 5’
3.90
1.80
91.62 m2 Total area of form work for second floor slab.
In Stair cases (form work)
Landing form work
Perimeter = 2(2.5)+2(1.2)
= 7.40m
7.40
0.15
1.11 m2 Side panel(board) for landing
2/ 1.20
2.50
6.00 m2 Bottom panel(board) for landing
3.14m
C2 = a2+b2
= (2.7)2+(1.62)21.62m
c = 3.14 m
3.14 2.7m
4/ 1.20
15.07 m2 Bottom panel(board) for flight
3.14
4/2 0.15
Side panel(board) for flight
3.768m2
25.945m2
Total form work area for stair case
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
2. BLOCK WORK
2.1. 200mm thick class C HCB wall with the designed compressive strength
capacity, bedded in cement mortar (1:3) and both sides left for
61.33 plastering.
3.05
187.05m2 Block work for Ground floor
65.09
3.05
198.53m2 Block work for Upper floor
45.37
3.05
138.53m2 Block work for Second floor
523.97m2 Total area of block work (20cm HCB wall)
2.15
2.45
-5.26 m2 Deduction for W1
3/ 3.12
2.45
-22.93 m2 Ditto but for FD1
3/ 2.15
0.91
-5.86 m2 Ditto but for W5
6/ 1.40
1.30
-10.92 Ditto but for W3
2/ 0.92
2.35
-4.32 Ditto but for D1
4/ 2.15
1.45
Take off Sheet
Project __________________________________
Page ____________________________________ Date ____________________
2/ 3.60
2.45
2/ 0.90
0.91
2/ 0.90
0.91
434.46 m2 The net total area of block work for external wall (200 mm HCB)
2.2. 150mm thick class HCB wall with the designed compressive strength
capacity, bedded in cement mortar (1:3) and both sides left for
24.35 plastering.
3.05
74.26 m2 Block work for Ground floor
29.02
3.05
88.60 m2 Block work for upper floor
23.45
3.05
71.52 m2 Block work for second floor
234.30 m2 Summation of ground, first & second floor

9/ 2.14
0.94
-17.79 deduction for D1(internal)
4/ 2.14
0.70
-9.26 ditto but for D2
207.25 m2 the net total area of HCB for internal wall(150 mm HCB)
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2.3. 150mm thick HCB parapet wall
A = ½*5.4*2.25
2/ 6.10 = 6.1 m2
12.20 m2 Area of block work for triangular parapet wall.
8.52 A = 8.52*2.25
2.25 = 19.17 m2
19.17 m2 Area of block work for rectangular parapet wall.
A = ½*1.2*1.7
2/ 1.02m2 = 1.02 m2
A = ½*1.2*1.5
= 0.9 m2
2/ 0.90
1.80 Area of block work for triangular parapet wall.
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A1 A2
A = (A1+A2)
=2(1/2*1.2*1.95)
=2.34 m2
2/ 2.34
39.89 m2 Total area of parapet wall
523.08m2 Total area of external wall
207.25m2 Total area of internal wall
770.22m2 The net total area of HCB including external, internal, & parapet walls
3. ROOFING
Roof cover in Decra roof tile that should be fixed to 70x50mm zigba purlins
of c/c 370mm spacing, to be fixed to structural eucalyptus truss members. The
decra tile shall be fixed according to the local agent's instruction. (Roof cover
is measured in horizontal projection and purlins measured separately).
3.1.Roof cover
For A1
5.48 X =√52+2.252
8.50 =5.48m
46.58 m2 Area of roof for A1
For A2
x
A2
2 2
X =√4.35 +1.86
4.73 =4.73m
4.15
19.62 m
Area of roof for A2
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For A2’ &A3’
x
A2'
X= 3.83m
2/ ½ 3.83 A=2(1/2*3.55*3.83)
3.55 =13.6 m2
13.60 m2 Area of roof for A2’& A3’
For A3
x
A3
X=√3.352+1.862
3.83 =3.83m
4.15
For A4
x
A4
2/½ 3.35
3.83 X =3.83m
12.80 m2 A=2(1/2*3.35*3.83)
= 12.8m2
Area of roof for A4
For A5 & A5’
A5 A5'
x x
2.92 X =√1.22+1.952
2/ 2.28 = 2.28m
13.31 m2
Area of roof for A5 & A5’
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For A6
x
A6
X=√2.62+1.52
X= 3m
A= 2(1/2*2.75*3)
2/ ½ 2.75 = 8.25 m2
3.0
For A7
x
A7
X=√2.752+1.52
X=3.13m
A= 2(1/2*2.6*3.13)
2/ ½ 2.60 = 8.13 m2
3.13
For A8 & A8’
A8 A8'
x x
X=√2.752+1.52
X=3.13m
A= 2(4.2*3.13)
2/ 4.20 = 26.29m2
3.13
26.29 m2 Area of roof for A8 & A8’
x
A9
4.15 X=√1.752+12,x=2m,hence A=2X4.15=8.36m2

2.00
x
A10
X=√1.72+12
X=1.97m
4.00 A= 4*1.97
1.97 = 7.88m2
x
A11
X=√1.72+12
X=1.97m
1.97 A= 4.75*1.97
4.75 = 9.35m2
9.35 m2 Area of roof cover for A11
191.01 m2 The net total area for roof cover
3.2. Concrete Gutter
56.51
0.20
0.08
0.904 m3 Volume of concrete for gutter bed slab.
56.51
0.40
0.08
1.808 m3 Volume of concrete for gutter face(side)
2.712 m3 Net total volume of concrete for gutter.
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3.3. Roof Truss

For Area -1
4pcs
4 ∑vertical .member = 0.6m+1.1m+1.61m+2.13m= 5.44m
∑diagonal .member = 1.34m+1.62m+2m = 5m
∑horizontal member =5m
∑rafter = 5.3m
Total length for A-1 = 21m

Purlin for A-1
Width = 5.3m
c/c = 0.3m
Space = 5.3/0.3 = 17
No of purlin = 17+1 = 18
Length of roof = 8.5m
Total length of A-1 purlin = 8.5m*18 = 153
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For Area -2
4 pcs truss
∑vertical .member = 1.86m+1.346m+0.83m = 4.036m
∑diagonal .member = 1.79m+ 1.46= 3.3m
∑horizontal member = 4.35m
∑rafter = 4.73m
Total length for A-2 = 16.416m

Purlin for A-2
Width = 4.73m
c/c = 0.3m
Space = 4.73/0.3 = 16
Total length of A-1 purlin = 4.35m*17 = 74m
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For Area -3
4
4 pcs of truss
∑vertical .member = 0.53+1.2+1.86=3.58m
∑diagonal .member = 1.35+1.7=3.05m
∑rafter = 3.83m
4.35m/1.1m = 4 , 4+1=5
Total length of truss for A-3 =14*5=70m
Purlin for A-3
Width = 3.83m
c/c = 0.3m
Space = 3.83/0.3 = 13
Total length of A-3 purlin = 4.35*14=61m
= 2*61=122m
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For Area -3’&4
∑vertical .member = 0.53+1.2+1.86 = 3.6m
∑diagonal .member = 1.31+1.7 = 3m

4
∑rafter = 3.83m
3.7m/1.1m = 3 , 3+1=4
length of truss for A-3’ =14*4=56m
Total length of truss for A-3’& A4 =56m *4parts
=224m
Purlin for A-4& A3’
Width = 3.83m
c/c = 0.3m
Space = 3.83/0.3 =13
length of A-3 purlin =3.70 *4=14.8m
Total length of A-3’ & A4 purlin = 14.8m*4parts
= 59.2m
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For Area -7&6
∑vertical .member = 1.38m+1.5m=2.88m
∑diagonal .member = 1.81m

3/3
∑rafter = 3.13m

2.93m/1.1 =, 3+1= 4
length of truss for A7 =10.57*4=42.28m
Total length of truss for A-6 & A7 =42.28m *4parts
=169.12m
Purlin for A-6& A7
Width = 3.13m
c/c = 0.3m
Space = 3.13/0.3 =10
length of A-7 purlin =2.93m*11 =32.23m
Total length of A-6& A7 purlin = 32.23m*4parts
= 128.92m
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For Area 8
∑vertical .member = 1.2m+0.53m= 1.73m
∑diagonal .member = 1.69m+1.31m=3m

4/4
∑rafter = 3.47m

4.06m /1.1 =4, 4+1= 5
length of truss for A-8 =11.13*5=55.65m
Total length of truss for A8 =55.65m *2parts
=111.3m
Purlin for A8
Width = 3.47m
c/c = 0.3m
Space = 3.47/0.3 =12
length of A-8 purlin =4.06m*13 = 52.78m
Total length of A8 purlin = 52.78m*2parts
= 105.56m
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For Area A9
2 ∑vertical .member = 0.3m+1m= 1.3m
∑diagonal .member = 1.23m
∑rafter = 2.01m

4.16m /1.1 =4, 4+1= 5
Total length of truss for A9 =6.3m*5=31.5m
Purlin for A-6 & A7
Width = 2.01m
c/c = 0.3m
Space = 2.01/0.3 =7
Total length of A-9 purlin =4.16m*8 = 33.28m
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For Area 10
2 ∑vertical .member = 1m+0.3m=1.3m
∑diagonal .member =1.23m
∑rafter = 1.97m

4m /1.1 =4, 4+1= 5
Total length of truss for A10 =6.2m*5=31m
Purlin for A-10
Width = 1.97m
c/c = 0.3m
Space = 1.97/0.3 =7
Length of roof = 4m
Total length of A-10 purlin =4m*8 = 32m
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For Area A-11
∑vertical .member = 0.3+1.0=1.3m

2 ∑diagonal .member = 1.23m
∑rafter = 1.97m
5.81m /1.1 =5, 5+1= 6
Total length of truss for A11 =6.2*6=37.2m
Purlin for A-11
Width = 1.97m
c/c = 0.3m
Space = 1.97/0.3 =7
Total length of A-11 purlin =5.81m*8 = 46.5m
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3.4. Ridge cover
Length of ridge cover for A3------------------=4.35m
Length of ridge cover for A3’--= 4.92m*2 =9.84m
Length of ridge cover for A7--------= 3.9 *2= 7.8m
Total = 28.54m
Total length of ridge cover 28.54m with a width of 0.3m.
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38.89 m2 Parapet wall two face plastering area
453.39 m2 Total area of third coat plastering
6. Quartz work External wall one face area
523.08 m2 Total area of quartz work
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a) To wall surface painting

Apply first coat painting
2/ 207.25 m2
414.5 m2 Internal (partition) wall two face area
1499.5 m2 Total area of first coat plastering
Second coat painting
1499.5 m2 Total area of second coat plastering
Third coat painting
453.39 m2 Total area of third coat plastering
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3.05 b) To concrete ceiling
4.47 First floor concrete ceiling
13.63 m2 For A1
3.90
0.80
3.12 m2 For A7
3.60
2.55
9.18 m2 For A3
3.00
3.70
11.10 m2 For A6’
2.55
3.62
9.23 m2 For A2
5.20
6.35
33.02 m2 For A10

5.95
3.85
22.91 m2 For A5 & 5’
3.90
1.80
7.02 m2 For A9
109.2 m2 Total area First floor concrete ceiling
For Second floor

5.00
3.70
18.5 For A1
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3.62
2.55
9.23 m2 For A2
3.90
0.80
3.12 m2 For A7
5.45
4.47
24.36 m2 For A4
3.40
6.30
21.42 m2 For A12
5.95
3.85
22.91 m2 For A5 & 5’
3.90
1.80
7,02 m2 For A9
106.56 m2 Total area second floor concrete ceiling
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4. Carpentry & Joinery
Windows and Doors manufactured from 28x1.5mm LTZ profile all as per the
Engineers approval and window door schedule. Price includes one coat of
antirust and two coats of synthetic enamel paint, door stopper, best quality
cylinder lock with handle and al
1 Doors Qty
Type FD1 size:300X314cm 2
D1 size:214 *94 cm (internal) 9
D2size:214 *70cm 4
D1 size:235 *92cm 2
2 WINDOWS
Type W1 size: 280X245cm 1
Type W2 size: 245X360m
Type W3 size: 140X130cm 2
Type W4 size:215X145cm 4
Type W5;1 size: 216x100cm 1
Type W5 size: 216x100cm 1

Type W6 size:90x90cm 2
1
Type W8 size: 60x215
Floor Finishing
2mm thick PVC tile flooring laid with best quality adhesive glue;
10.93
5.10
55.74 m2 Living and dining room ceramic tile 30*30cm-(A1,A4, & A10)
1.70
4.15
7.05 m2 Living and dining room ceramic tile 30*30cm-(A8)
3.90
4.70 Kitchen room ceramic tile 30*30-(A2)
18.33 m2
5.20
3.55 Maids bed room, ceramic tile 30*30-(A3)
18.46 m2
3.00
3.70 11.10 m2 For toilet, ceramic tile 30*30-(A6’)
1.80
3.50 7.02 m2 For entrance porch, ceramic tile 30*30-(A9)
7.97 m2 For stair area, ceramic tile 30*30-(A5 &A5’)
125.58 Total area of tile work for ground floor
2.60
1.20 Stair
3.12 m2 For landing area, ceramic tile 30*30
32/ 1.20
0.30
11.52 m2 For stair trade, ceramic tile 30*30
36/ 1.20
0.17
7.34m2 For stair riser, ceramic tile
21.98 m2 Total area of tile work for stair
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Upper floor
5.0
3.7
18.5 m2 For bed room, ceramic tile 30*30-(A1)
6.35
5.20
33.02 m2 For master bed room, ceramic tile 30*30-(A10)
5.18
3.55
18.38
For bed room, ceramic tile 30*30-(A3)
3.60
2.95
10.62 m2 For bath room, ceramic tile 30*30-(A6’)
3.20
3.90
12.48 m2 For bath room, ceramic tile 30*30-(A2)
7.97
7.97 m2 For stair area, ceramic tile 30*30-(A5 & A5’)
100.97m2
Total area for upper floor tile work
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5.00 Second floor

3.70
18.50 m2 For bed room tile work-(A1)
3.20
3.90
12.48 m2 For bath room ceramic tile 30*30-(A2 & A7)
7.97
7.97 m2 For around stair ceramic tile 30*30 -(A5 & A5’)
3.40
6.50
22.10 m2 For study room ceramic tile 30*30-(A12)
1.20
0.30
5.70 m2 For stair trade ceramic tile 30*30
2.60
1.20
3.12 m2 For landing ceramic tile 30*30
2.85
5.00
14.25 m2 For terrace ceramic tile 30*30
5.10
3.95
20.14 m2 For family room ceramic tile 30*30-(A4
111.19 Total area for second floor tile work
window sill
marble window sill with 3mm thickness & 230mm width
22.10m W1+W2+W3+……..=22.10 m total length of window sill
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Skirting work
For ground floor

27.76 m For living and dining room
14.44 m For kitchen
16.58 m For maids bed room
12.48 m For toilet
9.16 m For lobby
18.30 m For parking
4.13 m For entrance porch
3.70 m For landing
2.10 m For stair (second flight)
For first floor
16.48 m For bed room 1
14.90m For bath room 1
16.66 m For bed room 2
20.56 m For master bed room
9.67 m For corridor
2.60 m For terrace
For second floor
16.48 m For bed room -3
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13.38 m For family room
16.10 m For corridor
18.90 m For study room
13.90 m For bath room
6.55 For terrace
274.63m Total length of skirting
Ceiling work
8mm thick chip wood ceiling or equivalent fixed on 40x50mm zigba batten at
c/c 600mm both ways to all bath rooms. Price shall include batten and
decorative angular corner list.
6.35
5.20
33.02m2 Master bed room A10( on first Floor)
5.00
3.70
18.50 m2 For bed room -(A1)
3.20
3.90
12.48 m2 For bath room
3.40
6.50
22.10 m2 For study room
3.90
7.45
29.05m2 For (A5 & A5’)
5.10
4.25
21.67m2 For family room
137m2 Total area for ceiling work
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Glazing
4mm thick clear glass window

1 Doors Area Qty
2
Type FD1 size:300X314cm 9.42m 2
2
D1 size:235 *92cm 2.162 m 2
2 WINDOWS
Type W1 size: 280X245cm 6.86 m2 1

2
Type W2 size: 245X360m 8.82 m 1
Type W3 size: 140X130cm 1.82 m2 2

2
Type W4 size:215X145cm 3.11 m 4
2
2.16 m
2
Type W6 size:90x90cm 0.81 m 2
Type W7 size: 250x170cm 4.25 m2 2
1.29 m2
Type W8 size: 60x215 1
Sanitary installation
Ground floor
Rooms Fittings Qty
1 Kitchen sink(double foceto 2

sink
valve ½ 1
Trap(S) ½ 2
FD DIA. 80 1
2 Toilet HW (medium) foceto 1
valve ½ 1
Trap(S) ½ 1
Shower tray Shower over head 1

(60*60)
Elbow(900) 2
valve ½ 1
WC With full
accessesary
FD DIA. 80 with cover 1
Toilet paper 1
holder
Galvanized steel pipe ½
Description Length Fitting Qty
1 From main supply 12.1 Elbow(900) 7
T- 1
2 From toilet to 15.38 Elbow(900) 5
kitchen
T- 1
First floor
Rooms Fittings Qty
1 Bath room HW foceto 1
valve ½ 1
Trap(S) ½ 1
Bath foceto 1
Elbow (900) 2
WC With accessories 1
Toilet paper 1
holder
Water heater 50 lit. 1
2 Bath room 2 HW foceto 1
valve ½ 1
Trap(S) ½ 1
Bath foceto 1
Elbow (900) 2

Description Length (m) Fitting Qty
1 Bath room -1 13.85 Elbow (900) 7

T- union 1
2 Bath room -2 14.85 Elbow (900) 7
T- union 1
Second floor
Rooms Fittings Qty
1 Bath room HW foceto 1
valve ½ 1
Trap(S) ½ 1
Bath foceto 1
Elbow (900) 2
Toilet paper 1
holder
Description Length Fitting Qty
1 Bath room 13.85 Elbow (900) 7
T- union 1
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Electrical Installation
For ground floor
Dinning room wire------------- 72.3m
Lump - 2
Switch -1
Socket - 2
Kitchen room wire-------------78.3m
Lump - 2
Switch -1
Socket - 1
Electric enjerametad ----------
Socket - 1
Toilet wire---------------48.6m
Lump - 1
Switch - 1
Socket - 1
Lobby wire-----------------98.4m
Lump - 4
Switch - 2
Socket - 1
Living room wire--------------45m
Socket- 1
Parking area wire----------------87.48m

Lump (florcent) -2
Switch -1
Socket -3
Entrance--------------------26.7m
Lump -2
Switch -1
Maids rooms --------------100.8

Lump -2
Switch -2
Socket -2
Total wire length for ground floor 557.58m
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For first floor
Bed room 1 ----------------- 42.3m

Lump -1
Switch -2
Socket -2
Bath room 1 wire-------------- 33.9m
Lump -1
Switch -1
Socket -1
Bed room – 2wire-------------------100.8m
Lump -1
Switch -2
Socket -2
Corridorwire------------------- 98.4m
Lump -6
Switch -2
Bath room 2 wire-------------------48.6m
Lump -1
Switch -1
Socket -1
Master bed room wire------------------- 99.6m
Lump -2
Switch -2
Socket -3
Terrace area wire------------------- 21.36m

Lump -2
Switch -1
living room wire------------------- 180m

Lump (florescent) -2
Lump -6
Switch -2
Socket -4
Total wire length for first floor 624.96m
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For second floor
Bed room wire---- -------------100.8m

Lump -2
Switch -2
Socket -2
family room wire---- --------95.7m
Lump -2
Switch -2
Socket -2
corridor wire-------------------98.4m
Lump -6
Switch -2
Socket -2
Bathroom wire----------------48.6
Lump -1
Switch -1
Socket -1
study room 2 wire------------------96m
Lump (florescent) -2
Switch -1
Socket -3
Total wire length for second floor 341.1m
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0 Fence work
1.Excavation and earth work
72.25
1.00 1.1Trench excavation: withboth direction allowance 0.25cmarea given
0.60 43.5m3 L)=72.5m w) = o.90m d)=0.60m
72.5
0.50
0.60 1.2Stone masonry work for foundation trench on fence
21.75m3 Undressed and mix with 1:4 cement rtion
72.5
2.0
0.40 1.3stone masonry work for wall
rough dressed un coursed with the cement mortar 1:3
58m3
72.5
2.00
145m2 1.4Pointingon dressed masonry only for external face
72.5
2.00 145m2
1.5plastering :only for internal wall with mix ratio 1:3
72.5
0.50 2.Concert work
0.20 36.05m2 2.1Grade beam for fences C-25 mix ratio 1:2;3
2.50 2.2colmun for fences c -25 grade concert with mix ratio 1:2:3
8 0.40
3 form work
0.40
3.20m3 L=72.5 H=0.20 for two side =2x (72.5x0.20)=29
For side cover = 2x(0.20x0.20)=0.8
72.5
2 0.20 29m2
Total area of fence form work= 29.08m2
2 0.20
0.8
0.20
Concert copping With mass concert mix ratio 1:2:4
29.08
72.5m
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Item T S Description
1.Septic tank
Construction septic tank of masonry wall and cover with
Reinforcement concert slab of 150mm thickenss
d)=6m w)= 1.5 l)=1.5
24m3 1.extioncava work for septic tank

Giving for both side direction allowance 0.25cm
1.1 back filling work
1.5m3 total volume- internal volume of tank-masonry wall
6 24m3-13,5-9 =1.5m3
4 1.5
0.30 2. Masonry work
10.8m3
Rough dressed stone masonry for septic tank 0.30cm thick
4 side are equal l x w 4(6 x 1.5x 0.30) =10.8m3

4
6 3.plastering work
1.5
36m2 plastering work for internal wall only with
mix ratio 1:3cement mortar.
6 4.concret slab cover for septic tank

1.5 Thickness 15cm With mix ratio 1:2:3
1.36m3
Total volume slab for septic tank coer
4.1 Form work for septic tank slab

Slab fowith prop, post vertical support and cleat with wooden
6 Length=6m
1.5 Width =1.5m.
9m2 Total area of form work for septic tank
SUMMARY
A. SUB-STRUCTURE
Eth. Birr
1. Excavation and earth work 17711.60
2. Concrete work 97605.00
3. Masonry work 18270.00
Sub total 133586.40
B. SUPER-STRUCTURE
1. Concrete work 62960.00

2. Masonry work 36152.00
3. Roofing 32172.00
4. Carpentry & joinery 39089.50
5. Metal work 19239.00
6. Finishing 148073.00
7. Glazing 8664.00
8. Painting 20748.50
9. Sanitary installation 41727.00
10. Electrical installation 26760.0 Sub total 435386.00
GRAND TOTAL A+B
568972.40
Description Unit Qty Rate Amount
Item
A. Substructure
1. Excavation and earth work

1.1 M2 541 3.40 1839.40
Clearing of the building are and removal
of all dirt’s and top expansive soil to an
average depth of 20 cm. M3
1.2 Bulk excavation to leave the ground 60 11 660.00

depth not exceeding 200 cm M 3
1.3 Pit excavation in ordinary soil to a depth 124 11 1364.00

M3
not exceeding 300 cm for footings
M3
1.4 Ditto but for strip foundation M3 63 11 693.00
M2
1.5 Backfill around isolated footing and
foundation column and compact with 93 18 1674.00
layer not exceeding 20cm thick.
1.6 Backfill to level the ground to the

required height and compact with layer 75 18 1350.00
not exceeding 20 cm thick.
1.7 M2
25 cm thick basaltic or equivalent stone
hard core well rolled, consolidated and 307 33 10131.00
blinded with crushed stone.
Total carried to summary 17711.40
2. Concrete work
2.1 5 cm thick lean concrete in c-5 with M3
minimum cement content of 150 M3
kg/m3under M3
Grade beans, ground floor slab & footing 386 19 7334.00
Reinforced concrete in C-25 with

minimum cement content of 360 kg/m3
filled into formwork and vibrated around
reinforcement bar (steel and form work
m/s)
2.2 In footings 9 530 4770.00
2.3 In foundation column & sheer wall 4.5 530 2385.00
2.4 11.5 530 6095.00
In grade beams
Item Unit Qty. Rate Amount

Description
2.5 In 10 cm thick basement floor slab M2 307 53 16271.00
M2
Provide, cut and fix in position sawn M2
M2
zigba wood form work
2.6 33 75 2475.00
Kg
2.7 72 75 5400.00
For footings
Kg
2.8 101 75 7575.00
To foundation column
Kg
To grade beams
Steel reinforcement according to

structural drawing price shall include
cutting, bending placing in position and
2.9 3912 7.50 29340.00
tying wires
2.10 926 7.50 6945.00
 8 mm deformed bars
M3
2.11 1202 7.50 9015.00
 12mm deformed bars
 16mm deformed bars

97605.00
Total Carried to summary

3.1
3. Masonry work 63 290 18270.00
Stone retaining wall according to the

drawing bedded in cement sand mortar
mix ration (1:3) both sides left for 18270.00
pointing.
Total carried to summary
Item Description Unit Qty Rate Amount
B. Superstructure
1. Concrete work
Reinforce concrete in C-25 with
minimum cement content of 360kg/m3
filled into formwork and vibrated around

1.1 M3 5 530 2650.00
rod reinforcement. M3
1.2 15.5 530 8215.00
M2
In elevation columns M2
1.3 In top tie beam 98 75 7350.00
Kg
1.4 Provide, cut and fix sawn zigba wood 190.3 75 14272500
form work Kg
To elevation column
To top tie beam
M2
1.5 Steel reinforcement according to 2505 7.50 18787.50
structural drawing. Price shall include M2
1.6 cutting, bending placing position and 1558 7.50 11658.00
M2
tying wire.
62960.00
2.1 179 75 13425.00
2. Masonry work
2.2 196.6 65 12779.00
20 cm thick hollow block wall bedded in
2.3 cement sand mortar mix ratio (1:3) both 65.8 60 9948.00
sides left for plastering
36152.00
Ditto but 15 m thick
Ditto but 10 cm thick
3. Roofing
3.1 M2 332 85 28220.00
Roof cover in G-28 (t = 0.6mm) fixed to
eucaleptus truss and zigba purlin as per Ml

the detail drawing. Price shall include
roof ridged cover, purlin m/s and roof
3.2 cover measured in a horizontal Ml 41 65 2665.00

projection.
3.3 19.8 65 1287.00

G-28 galvanized flat metal sheet gutter
with development length 60 cm also
apply 2 coats of oil paint
32172.00
Down pipe made of flat metal sheet size

10 cm, also apply 2 coats of oil paints.

Pcs
4. Carpentry and joinery
Ml
All structural members shall be free of
harmful defects and painted with two
4.1 Ml 31 250 250
coats of anti-termites solution. Each truss
shall be firmly fixed to beams as shown
4.2 402 16 16
on the detail drawing
4.3 40.5 27 27
Eucalyptus roof truss
5x7 cm zigba purlin
2.5 x25 cm facia board also apply 2 coats

of oil paints
Supply and fix 40 mm thick semi solid

flush wood door covered with 4 mm thick
Pcs
good quality plywood with all necessary
accessories. Price shall include approved
type of lock, three coats of varnished
paint and all accessories/
4.4 36 661.5 661.5
Internal wooden doors

39089.50
Types Size
D1 70 x 210 cm
Item Unit Qty Rate Amount

Description
5. Metal work
Window and doors made of steel profiles
as per the detail drawing and architect’s
approval,. Cut and assemble to size and
shape shown on the drawing. Price shall
include all the necessary iron mongary

5.1 Pcs 12 618.75 7425.00
5.2 and accessories including approved type “ 12 984.5 11814.00
of lock 19239.00
Type Size
D1 90x275cm
W2 90x250cm
6.1 6. Finishing
M2 920 26 23920.00
Finishing work shall include all surfaces M2
6.2 per cleaning preparation, chiseling M2 300 31 9300.00
application of finishing, polishing and M2
6.3 cleaning at the end of finishing work. 175 19 3325.00
2
M
Apply three coats of plaster in cement Ml
6.4 mortar (1:3) to internal wall surface 332 110 36520.00
Ditto but to external wall surface

6.5 M2 274 27 7398.00
Apply to coats of plaster in cement
6.6 mortar (1:3) to receive ceramic wall tiles 21 72.5 1522.00
20x20x2cm terrazzo tile flooring bedded

in 3 cm thick cement sand screed
6.7 175 185 32375.00
Terrazzo skirting 10 cm high
Supply and fix 2 cm thick marble

window sill. Width 29 cm. Price shall
include cement mortar backing
150x150x6mm glazed ceramic wall tile.

Price shall include cement mortar
backing

Description
Ml
6.8 Supply and fix ½ cement pipe with a 40.5 112 4536.00
diameter of 30 cm to collect rain water
and bedded on 2o cm thick red as base.
The joint shall be made tight in cement
mortar 1:3 M2
6.9 5 cm thick per-cast concrete floor & M2 36 62 2232.00

pavement around the building bedded on
red ash. Price shall include red ash and
cement mortar joint.
6.10 8mm chipwood ceiling fixed to 4x5cm M2 317 85 26945.00

wooden batten c/c 60cm both ways. Price
shall include batten.
Total carried to summary M2 148073.50

M2
7. Glazing
M2
7.1 62.7 135 8464.50
Supply and fix 4 mm thick clearing
glazing as per the detail drawing. Price
shall include putty 8464.50

8.1 920 13 11960.00
8. Painting
Apply three coats of approved type

8.2 plastic emulsion paint to internal wall 300 14.5 4350.00
beams and columns.
8.3 Ditto but to external wall, beams and 317 14 4438.00

columns
20748.00
Ditto but to chip wood ceiling
9. Sanitary Installation
I Internal Installation
9.1 Supply and install galvanized iron pipes

for cold and hot water distribution to all Ml
sanitary fixtures according to where Ml
shown on the drawing complete with the Ml
necessary connecting pipes such as Ml
bends, unions, etc.. Unit price shall
include all the necessary assistance to the
installation works such as chiseling of
walls, beams, slabs, floors, fixing pipes
with metal straps to beams, etc.. and
closing them with concrete or cement
mortar to normal conditions. The No
installation shall be tested at a pressure of No
10kg/cm2 at the expense of the contractor. No
 15 mm No
 20 mm 33 32 1056.00
 25mm 7 37 259.00
 32 mm 13 45 585.00
17 65 1105.00
Supply and fix gate valves of approved

9.2 standard complete with unions, elastic
water proofing and hand wheels of
normal quality No
 15 mm
24 25 600.00
 20 mm
2 45 90.00
 25mm
3 55 165.00
 32 mm
6 67 390.00
Supply and fix hand was basin made of

9.3
white vitreous china equipped with
concealed bracket mad of grey malleable
cast iron white painted compete with
plug. Chains and traps.
Size 500 x 405

12 450 5400.00

9.4 Supply and fix wash down water closet
made of white viterous china with plastic
seat and cover including low flush cistern
and stop cock on the water supply line
complete with all accessories. Supply and
fix toilet paper holder with metal roller
150x150x25mm complete with fastening
screws. No 12 850 10200.00
9.5 Supply and fix crystal glass mirror where

appropriate including chrome plated brass
mirrors, clips and screws.
Size 500x400mm No 12 200 2400.00
9.6 Supply and fix soap holder in white

vitreous china with the necessary
accessories
Size 150x150mm No 12 75 900.00
9.7 Supply and install standard towel hanger

made of chrome plated tubular metal
rollers including fastening screws and the
necessary accessories. No 12 110 1320.00
9.8
Supply and install soil, waste and vent pipe
in horizontal branches and vertical stacks
made of rigid plastic pipes (PVC) of
approved standard including the necessary
fittings such as bends, Y,T clean outs,
increasing and reducing pipes with tight
joints as shown on the drawing. All
horizontal branch pipes shall be laid in a

Ml 32 45 1440.00
slope of 2%. Unit price shall include all the
necessary masonry assistance such as Ml 96 55 5280.99
chiselling of walls, slabs, beams, floors,
etc. And closing them with concrete or
cement mortar.
50 mm
100mm

Description
9.9 Supply and fix floor drains made of
enameled cast iron with smell trap complete
with all the accessories
50 mm No 12 120 1440.00
9.10 Supply and fix vent caps made of rigid PVC

to be connected to the roof terminal of vent
pipe.
50 mm No 12 45 540.00
II. External installation (site work)
9.11 Supply and lay galvanized iron water

distribution pipes according to the drawing
shown complete with fittings and
accessories. Unit price shall include
excavation of the trench to a depth of
500mm for laying the pipes spread of
granular material 100mm under and above
the pipe and back filling. The installation
shall be tested at a pressure of 10kg/cm2
before back filling.
32mm Ml 3 75 225.00
9.12 Supply and fix gate valves of approved

standard complete with unions, elastic water
proofing and hand wheels of normal quality.
 32 mm No 1 150 150.00
9.13 Supply and lay rigid sewage pipe (PVC) of

approved standard including the necessary
fittings such as bends, Y,T with a slope as
indicated on the drawing with a firm bed of
sand 100mm above and under the pipe. Unit
price shall include excavation of trench,
supply and spread of granular material back
filling
 150 mm
 200mm Ml 33 25 825.00
Ml 4.5 35 157.00
9.14 Construct pre cast concrete circular

manholes on sanitary sewers on a base of
mass concrete 150mm thick mass concrete
with proper slope for smooth flow. The
manholes shall be covered with 80mm
thick R.C slab. No 12 600 7200.00
Total carried to summary 41727.50
10. Electrical installation

10.1
Supply and fix flush mounted
subdistribution boards SDB1-SDB-12 with

earthing leads, connectors and all other No 12 250 3000.00
No 60 100 6000.00
necessary accessories
10.2 1 piece of MCB 10A/1ph

“ “ “ 16A/ph
with reserve space for two MCBs
Light points fed through PVC insulated

conductor of 2x2.5mm2 in thermoplastic No 24 90 2160.00
conduit of diameter 13/16mm for
10.3 necessary installation including junction
boxes with insulating caps as well as flush
mounted switches.
Flush mounted socket outlets of 16A/ph

fed through conductor of 3x2.5mm2 in
10.4 thermoplastic conduit of diameter of 13
mm including junction boxes with cover
insulating caps etc.
No 12 100 1200.00
Telephone points only conduits of
10.5 diameter 19mm etc as shown on the
drawing including junction boxes with No 24 300 7200.00
cover as per ETC requirements
10.6
Fitting type siemens 5LJ22c 1-1c 36w No 36 200 7200.00
lamp or equivalent.
26760.00
Fitting type siemens 5NL 510/3 with 60 w
bulb or equivalent.

Self Check #
4 Written test

1.Project costs includes____________________.
2.Explain how to estimate project costs.

Cost Estimation

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MARS ENGINEERING COLLEGE

ON-SITE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

LO #1: Gather information

2. Read the information written in the “Information Sheet”

3. Accomplish the “Self-check”.

8. Request you teacher to observe your demonstration of the exercises

Quantity Estimate or Quantity Survey

Preparation of Detailed Estimates

General abstract of cost

S1. No. Description of item Unit Quantity Rate Amount

(a) Site clearing and preparation

(b) Earthwork - this includes excavation, filling, dressing, dewatering, etc.

(i) Water supply and sanitary works

(a) Quantity of materials and their cost

(b) Labour cost

(c) Cost of equipment, tools or plant

(d) Overhead or establishment charges

Schedule of rates or data for costing

As mentioned previously, quantity estimates of items of various works should be prepared to

(i) Quantity estimates for structures and buildings

(ii) Quantity estimates of earthworks

B = crest width of dike, m

(3) Irregular sectional area

(first ordinate + last ordinate + 2 , odd ordinates + 4  even ordinates)

(4) Volumes of earthwork

(a) Mid section formula

Station Height or depth at Mean height or Sectional Distance Quantity

Quantity of earthwork may be calculated by trapezoidal formula in a tabular form as shown

Station Height or depth Sectional Mean sectional Distance between Quantity

(first area + last area + 4  even areas + 2  odd areas), m3

(d) Volumes from contour lines

(e) Volumes from spot levels

A tender is a written bid submitted by a Contractor in pursuance of the notification given, to

For implementation of the construction works of a project, an agreement, commonly called a

Advantages of unit-price contract:

Advantages of lump-sum contract;

Contract with lump-sum and unit prices

General provisions or general conditions

1. Definitions and interpretation

1. Nature and interpretation of contract

1. Work and services to be executed by the Contractor

Statements of Work, Services and Technical Specifications

The specifications required for a project are as follows:

The specifications are divided into two types as follows:

Figure 9. Rectangular-bar progress schedule

5.7 Approved Drawings

1. Location map of the project, scale 1:50 000

Example 1: Project Budget for a Constructor

Figure 1 Illustration of Planned versus Actual Progress over Time on a Project

Figure 2 Illustration of Planned versus Actual Expenditures on a Project

Example 3: Schedule Updates in a Small Project

Figure 3 A Nine Activity Example Project

Figure 4 Current Schedule for an Example Project Presented as a Bar Chart

I. Answer the following questions.

ON-SITE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

LO #2: Identify and calculate labor cost

Identify and calculate labor cost

• The labor hours for non-contract elements of work are calculated.

• The costs or rates for required work are calculated.

• This time is generally referred to as floor –to-floor time.

I. Answer the following questions.

1.How do you calculate labour cost?

ON-SITE BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

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