MEETING 4

WORD CHOICE AND REDUNDANCY

A. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

After studying this material, the students will be able to:

1. Understand the using of word choice in English sentence

2. Understand the using of redundancy in English sentence

B. MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

1. Word Choice

A number of words In English often cause problems because they have similar

meanings (make/do) for sound alike (alike/unlike), Many times one word is used

incorrectly in place of another.

A. Make or Do

The verb to make means to produce or create, whereas to do means to

perform, to act. These two verbs are found in a number of expressions.

Expressions with make Include:

make a mistake make a plan

make a difference make an investment

make a comparison make an offer

make a discovery make a choice

make use of make an attempt

 make a profit make a decLion

make a sugestion make a prediction

Expressions with do include:

do one’s duty do harm

do homework do research

do justice to do an assignment

do business do one’s best

do wrong do a service

do work do damage

do a kindness do wonders

B. Like/Alike/Unlike

Look for the different parts of speech of the words like/alike/unlike as

well as their different meanings to avoid confusion.

Like is a preposition that means “similar.” It Is followed by an object.

Example :

Like many other people, I did not know the dangers of asbestos.

Alike is an adverb that means “equally”; as an adjective, it means simIlar.”

Example:

The new in formation on asbestos caused panic in

construction and industry alike.

 Unlike is a preposition that means knot similar.” it Is followed by an object.

Example :

Unlike other woven material, asbestos is capable of withstanding high

temperatures and at the same time deflecting heat.

C. Other/The Other/Another

Another means one more.” It can be used before a singular noun.

Example : We need to find another way.

Other means more of the ones In the group we are talking about” It Is used

before a plural noun.

Example : Asbestos protects other materials from fire.

The other means the last one of the group we are talking about. It is used before

a singular noun, or a noncount noun. It is preceded by a determiner such as the,

some, any, no, or one.

Example : No other material is capable of withstanding such

temperature.

D. So/Such/Too

Both so . . that and such . . . that have the same meaning, but they are used with

different constructions.

So

So. .. that is used with many, few, much, and little.

so + adverb/adjective + that
 Example: Asbestos was so convenient that everybody used it.

Such

such + adjective+ noun + than

Example : Asbestos had such unique qualities that it was used widely.

Too

Too means more than necessary. It comes before an adjective or adverb and Is

followed by an Infinitive.

Example : Asbestos is too dangerous to be used widely.

2. Redundancy

Redundancy ts the unnecessary repetition of an Idea.

Correct : The party proceeded toward the west.

Redundant : The party proceeded forward toward the west.

Example:

The word proceeded has the same meaning as forward. Therefore, the word

forward is unnecessary

The following pairs of words have the same rneaning only one in the pair is necessary

connect together incorrect mistake

repeat again important significant

join together carefully cautiously

proceed forward establi shed founded

progress forward protect guard

advance forward original first

only unique rarely seldom

new Innovations transmit send out

reread again single only

return back around approximately

same identical chief main

sufficient enough such as for example

separated apart from necessary needed

C. EXERCISE

1. Circle the number of each sentence that contains a redundant expression!

a. Asbestos can be mixed with other materials, for example such as rubber,

paint, and cement.

b. Because asbestos does not burn and only melts at high temperatures, it

can protect and guard other material against fire.

c. One of the main and chief uses of asbestos is to weave gloves, aprons,

and other clothing for workers in hot places such as metal foundries.

d. When asbestos fibers are breathed in or. swallowed, they can cause

serious disease,, even cancer.

e. Asbestos shields off, or insulates against, heat, flames, electricity, and

noise.
 f. The unique and single properties of asbestos mean that it has many

important uses.

g. No new innovations have been developed to replace asbestos being used

for brake linings on cars.

h. For ardund approximately thirty years, only white asbestos has been used

for protective clothing because it is safer than other forms of asbestos.

2. Circle the word that correctly completes the sentence.

a. Asbestos has such/so many properties that it was used in all modern

building.

b. Asbestos is so/such dangerous that it has been banned in many countries.

c. Asbestos is considered to be so/too dangerous to be used in buildings

today,

d. Asbestos was so/too widely used in construction that it is creating

problems today.

e. Asbestos can stand such/too high temperatures that it was used as

protective clothing by fire fighters.

D. REFERENCE

Azar, Betty Scrampfer. 1992. Fundamentals English Grammar second edition. New

Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Broukal, Milada, TOEFL Test Asistant:Grammar, Heinle & Heinle Publisers : USA.

Frank, Marcella. 1972. Modern English a practical reference guide. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall.
Nettle, Mark and Hopkind, Diana, Developing Grammar in Context, Grammar

Reference and Practice. Italy: Cambridge University Press

Thomson A.J. and Martinet A.V.. A. 1986. Practical English Grammar, fourth

editition. Hongkong: Oxford University Press.