PUBLIC FINANCE & TAXATION, LAND REFORMS,

AND COOPERATIVES

I. Public Finance and Taxation

A. Public Finance
B. The Need for Public Sector:
1. Allocation Function:
2. Distribution Function:
3. Stabilization Function
C. Sources of Government Revenue
1. Borrowing
2. Grants and Aids:
3. Dividends from its corporations:
4. User Charges:
5. Fines
6. Licenses and other fees.
7. Sale of government bonds and securities.
D. Taxation
1. Equity
2. Tax Base and Tax Yield
a. Direct Taxes,
b. Indirect Taxes
E. Principles and Concepts of Tax System:
1. Principle of Taxation
2. Concepts of Taxation
F. Individual Income Taxes
G. Types of Tax System
H. Tax Issues
1. Tax Ratio, Tax Effort, Tax Performance and Related Studies
2. Tax Incidence
3. Allocative Effects of Taxation
4. Inflation and Taxation
5. Tax Forecasting and Estimation of Public Revenue Needs

II. Land Reform

A. Land Reform in the Philippines
1. Commonwealth Period
2. Independence
3. Ramon Magsaysay administration
 4. Macapagal administration
5. Marcos administration
6. Corazon Aquino administration
7. Ramos administration
8. Arroyo administration
9. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform
Program
B. Land and Agrarian Reform Programs in Selected Asian Countries
1. Japan
2. South Korea
3. Taiwan
4. China
5. Vietnam
6. Cambodia
7. South Asia
8. India
9. Indonesia
C. Objectives of Land Reform Programs
1. Social Objectives.
2. Political objectives
3. Economic objectives.
D. The Nature and Scope of Land and Agrarian Reform
1. Scope of Agrarian reform
2. Retention Limits of Agrarian Reform
3. Exceptions of Agrarian Reform
E. Economic Development and Land Reform
1. Promotion of Incentive:
2. Costless Method of Increasing Production:
3. Establishing Link between Government and farmers:
4. Social Justice

III. Cooperatives
A. History of the Cooperative Movement
1. Beginnings
2. Robert Owen
3. William King
4. The Rochdale Pioneers
5. The English CWS and Cooperative Group
6. Cooperative Women's Guild
7. Other developments
8. Cooperatives today
B. Nature of Cooperatives
C. Characteristics of Cooperative Organization
1. Voluntary Association:
2. Equal voting right:
3. Service Motive:
4. Separate legal entity:
5. Democratic Management:
6. Cash Trading:
7. Disposal of surplus:
8. Team spirit:
D. Types of Cooperative Organization
1. Consumer cooperative
2. Producers Cooperatives
3. Cooperative credit society
4. Cooperative housing society
5. Cooperative farming society
6. Cooperative marketing society:
7. Single purpose cooperation society:
8. Multipurpose cooperative society:
E. Role and Importance of Cooperative Society:
1. Economic Role
a. Provide Financial Assistance:
b. Fulfills various needs of members:
c. Increase saving habit:
2. Social Role
3. Political Role
F. Factors of Success and Failure of Cooperative Organizations
G. Factors for Success in Cooperative Operations
1. Factors for Survival and Success of Cooperative Organization
a. Mega-environment.
1.1 Technological component.
1.2 Economic component
1.3 olitical legal environment
1.4 Socio-cultural environment
b. Task environment.
c. Internal Environment
2. Causes of Failure
a. Lack of Education
b. Lack of Management Expertise
c. Most Coops Don’t Really Serve Their Members
d. Government Meddling
PUBLIC FINANCE & TAXATION, LAND REFORMS,
AND COOPERATIVES

A Term Paper
Presented to
Prof. Corazon P. Mangelen
Department of Economics
College of Business Administration and Accountancy
Mindanao State University
Marawi City

In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the course
Economics 1 – Zz2 (Economics, Taxation,
Land Reform and Cooperatives)
1st Semester, A.Y. 2016-2017

by

NASSRIAH O. MACARIMBANG

December 5, 2016