LAB # 4: To sketch the characteristics curve of a Single-Phase Induction

motor using its measured torque-speed parameters

Objectives

The objective of this experiment is to measure speed characteristics of Single phase Induction
Motor.

Introduction

An induction or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric current

in the rotor needed to produce torque is induced by electromagnetic induction from the
magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor therefore does not require mechanical
commutation, separate-excitation or self-excitation for all or part of the energy transferred
from stator to rotor, as in universal, DC and large synchronous motors. A three phase
induction motor’s rotor is of squirrel- cage type.

Construction:-

Two main components used in construction of induction motors are:

1. The stationary part called stator.

2. The rotating part called rotor.

Stator:-

It is the outer part of an induction motor. It consists of steel frame that encloses a hollow
cylindrical core made up of thin laminations of silicon steel. It provides suitable slots in its
inner periphery for winding purposes. It is wound for a definite number of poles. The stator
windings are geometrically spaced. A single phase AC supply is connected to stator windings.

Rotor:-
It is the inner part of the motor, which moves during running. Rotor receives energy from the stator by
process of voltage induction.

Types

1. Squirrel cage rotor

 2. Phase-wound rotor / wound rotor

Squirrel Cage Rotor:-

It consists of a highly laminated cylindrical core having parallel slots on its outer surface.
Thick copper bars are placed in each slot and metal rings (end rings) short these bars. It is
used for low and medium starting torque motor.

Wound Rotor:-

This is used for high starting torque. It consists of a laminated cylindrical core and carries a
three- phase double layer distributed winding. Additional resistances can be added in series
with the rotor winding by mechanism of carbon brushes and slip rings at starting. These
resistances can be varied by suitable switchgear and finally short-circuited when motor
achieves its rated speed.

Fig 4.1: Single phase Induction Motor setup

Tachometer:-
A tachometer is an instrument designed to measure the rotation speed of an object, such as a gauge in an
automobile that measures the revolutions per minute (RPMs) of the engine’s crankshaft.
 The simple realization of a tachometer is a small generator attached to the motor shaft, and
the RPM measurement is based on the electric current generated by the device.

Torque-speed characteristics of an Induction motor:

A plot of induction motor torque as a function of speed (and slip) is shown in figure 10.2. It
can be seen that the induced torque of the motor is zero at synchronous speed and the
torque- speed curve is nearly linear between no load and full load. There is a maximum
possible torque that cannot be exceeded. This torque, called the pull-out torque or
breakdown torque, is 2 to 3 times the rated full load torque of the motor.

Fig 4.2: A typical induction motor torque-speed characteristics curve

In-Lab Task

PROCEDURE

1. Connect the induction motor with the single phase power supply.
2. Measure the speed of motor by using tachometer

Note it down in the table given

Speed = (120*f)/P
 3. Measure the torque of the motor using the torque meter.
4. Now add the load and measure the speed and torque again and note it down in the
following table.

MEASUREMENTS:

Sr. # Supply Voltage No Load Speed

Table 4.1 Effect of supply voltage on speed

Voltage: ____________

Sr. Load Torque Speed

#

Table 4.2 Torque Speed Characteristics

Post lab:

 Draw the Speed characteristics of a single phase induction motor with the observed
readings taken in the lab.