Topic outline

 General
 AnnouncementsForum
 NICHOLAS KAVOI PETER

Graduate Assistant

Faculty Of ICT

nicholas.kavoi@zetech.ac.ke

0721287208

 Hello students;

My Name is Mr. Nicholas Kavoi, facilitator for web development 2. I take this
opportunity to welcome you to web development 2. Each and every student is required to
participate in topic discussion forums and do and submit all topic assignments and online
CATS. Kindly find the course outline shown below for our guide.

COURSE CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION TO WEB DEVELOPMENT 2

 Definition of web development

 Client-server architecture
 client-server protocols
 Two tier and three tier architecture
 Fat and thin clients

2. INSTALLATION OF WEB SERVERS

 Apache
 IIS
 Tocat
 Wamp server
 Xamp
3. INTRODUCTION TO PHP

 Definition of PHP
 Characteristics of PHP
 Advantages of PHP
 Uses of PHP
 Creating PHP programs: dynamic client server systems

4. FORM HANDLING

 Form attributes
 GET Method
 POST Method
 Alert box
 Prompt box
 Confirm box

5. ADVANCED FEATURES OF INTERNET BASED PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

 Managing events
 creating user interface
 connecting to Mysql database
 Web applications

6. WEB RESOURCES

 Managing web resources

 Managing users
 Performance monitoring

7. WEB DATABASES

 Oracle database
 Mysql database
 Sybase
 informix

8. REVISION QUESTIONS

9. CAT 1

10. CAT 2
  Web Development II Class Attendance
 CAT 1File

 CAT 1Assignment
 Topic 1
 Hello students;

Welcome to Web development 2. My name is Mr. Nicholas Kavoi

In this topic, we shall describe the meaning of web development, web technologies and
web development process.

Activity 1.1: Meaning of web

development https://www.techopedia.com/definition/23889/web-development

Activity 1.2: Web technologies: https://www.google.com/url?

sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwi177yJif
PiAhXlqHEKHXVMC4wQFjABegQIBBAC&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sti-
innsbruck.at%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fcourses%2FWS-03-
WebTechnologies_0.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1zV-243QOvnsBe9XxCt_Xq

Activity 1.3: Post your work in the Discussion Forum

 Topic 1File

 Assignment 1
 Topic 2
 Topic Two

By the end of this topic, the learner should be able to:

1. Explain the meaning of client server architecture.

2. Describe the difference between two tier and three tier architectures.

3. Explain the meaning of thin and fat clients.

Introduction

This topic introduces the learner to:

1. Client server architecture

2. Two tier

3. Three tier architectures

4. Fat and thin clients

Topic 2 Notes
CLIENT SERVER MODEL

The client-server architectural model is a system model where the system is

organized as a set of services and associated servers and clients that access and use
the services.

It is a distributed system model which shows how data and processing is distributed
across a range of components.

Clients may have to know the names of the available servers and the services that
they provide. However, servers need not know either to identify of clients or how
many clients there are. Clients access the services provided by a server through
Remote Procedure Calls (RPC) using a request reply protocol such as HTTP
protocol. Essentially, a client makes a request to a server and waits until it receives a
reply.

Components of a Client-server model

The major components are:

Set of stand-alone servers.

Set of clients.

Network.

Servers

A set of servers offer services to other subsystems. Examples of servers are:

Print servers that offer printing services.

File servers that offer file management services.

Compile servers which offers programming language compilation services.

Application servers.

These terms refer to the two processes or two applications which will be
communicating with each other to exchange some information. One of the two
processes acts as a client process and another process acts as a server.

Client Process:

This is the process which typically makes a request for information. After getting
the response this process may terminate or may do some other processing.

For example:

Internet Browser works as a client application which sends a request to Web Server
to get one HTML web page.

Server Process:

This is the process which takes a request from the clients. After getting a request
from the client, this process will do required processing and will gather requested
information and will send it to the requestor client. Once done, it becomes ready to
serve another client. Server process are always alert and ready to serve incoming
requests.

For example:

Web Server keeps waiting for requests from Internet Browsers and as soon as it gets
any request from a browser, it picks up a requested HTML page and sends it back
to that Browser.

Notice that the client needs to know of the existence and the address of the server,
but the server does not need to know the address or even the existence of the client
prior to the connection being established. Once a connection is established, both
sides can send and receive information.

Advantages of Client-server characteristics

1. Distribution of data is straightforward;

2. Makes effective use of networked systems.

3. May require cheaper hardware;

4. Easy to add new servers and integrate it with the rest of the system or upgrade
existing servers transparently without affecting other parts of the system.

Disadvantages of Client-Server Model

 There may be no shared data model across servers and sub-systems use
different data organisation.
 This means that data interchange may be inefficient;
 Redundant management in each server

4. No central register of names and services - it may be hard to find out what
servers and services are available.

 2-tier and 3-tier architectures:

There are two types of client server architectures:

 2-tier architectures:

In this architecture, client directly interact with the server. This type of architecture
may have some security holes and performance problems. Internet Explorer and
Web Server works on two tier architecture. Here security problems are resolved
using Secure Socket Layer(SSL).

 3-tier architectures:

In this architecture, one more software sits in between client and server. This
middle software is called middleware. Middleware are used to perform all the
security checks and load balancing in case of heavy load. A middleware takes all
requests from the client and after doing required authentication it passes that
request to the server. Then server does required processing and sends response back
to the middleware and finally middleware passes this response back to the client. If
you want to implement a 3-tier architecture then you can keep any middle ware like
Web Logic or WebSphere software in between your Web Server and Web
Browsers.
  

2. Topic 3
 Topic 3: Installation of WebServers
Introduction
In this topic will focus on the installation of webservers such as IIS, Wampserver, and
Xamp. The learner should be able to configure one of the webservers which can be used
in designing web applications.

Objectives
By the end of this topic you should be able to:

Describe the procedure for installing webservers

Install webservers

Configure web servers

Learning activities

Learning Activity 3.1: Reading

Read the installation manual for wamp server and master the procedure for installation
and configuring the server on the machine

Learning Activity 3.2: Discussion

Summarise the procedure for installing and configuring the wamp server in not more than
500 words

Post your discussion in the provided discussion forum

Assessment
The submitted assignment in activity 3.2 will be graded

Topic Resources
  URL Links

 https://www.google.com/search?
source=hp&ei=5Ds1W_CgGdr4rQGIsrxg&q=installing+wamp+server&oq=instal
ling+wamp+server&gs_l=psy-
ab.3..0l4j0i22i30k1j0i22i10i30k1j0i22i30k1l3j0i22i10i30k1.574224.581570.0.58
8095.24.20.0.0.0.0.2496.2496.9-1.1.0....0...1.1.64.psy-
ab..23.1.2495.0...0.HlTBVGNYj90#kpvalbx=0
 http://www.developerdrive.com/2011/08/installing-and-configuring-a-
wamp-server-on-your-computer/
 https://www.wikihow.com/Install-WAMP

 Topic 3 Notes

Installation of WAMP Server – step to install

1. Download the WAMP Server

I’ll give you simple steps for ‘Installation of WAMP Server’. We need to download the
WAMP server Package .exe file from official WAMP server page. Choose file with
Config of your system.

 after select your file, It’ll ask following Popup. Don’t worry about this. Just click ‘you
can download it directly’

1. Start Setup Wizard

You’ll get below Setup Wizard window, When you Run WAMP server .exe file. It shows
config of WAMP. Click ‘Next’ button to continue.
You should agree the license of WampServer before Installation of WAMP Server.

1. Select Destination and Icon

Here, You should select the Server Location. Most of the server installing into C
drive only. Me too installing into C drive. You can browse any other location and click
‘Next’.
And choose which icons you want.

1. Installing and Complate

 In ‘Ready to Install’ window, just click ‘Install’ button.
Now wait up-to finish the installing.
In following window, just leave Default value and Click ‘Next’.
Now Installation Process is almost done. Tic the Launch and Finish it.

1. Run WAMP Server.

Just double click the Wamp Server icon. You’ll get following small icon in TaskBar.
First it’s color is Red and change to Orange. At-last it goes to Green color. If green color
comes, Your WAMP server running successful.

Now see your WAMP server Home Page with following URL ‘http://localhost/’.
Now Installation of WAMP Server is finished. If you get any problem, ASK me.

 Topic 4
 Topic 4: Creating dynamic client-server systems
using PHP
Introduction
In this topic, we are going to explain the meaning of dynamic client-server systems and
create a client-server system using PHP.

Objectives
By the end of this topic you should be able to:

Describe the meaning of client-server systems.

Create client-server system

Learning activities

Learning Activity 4.1: Reading  

Read the provided topic notes on creating dynamic client-server systems.

Learning Activity 4.2

In 500 words summarize the advantages and disadvantages of dynamic client-server
systems(websites)

 Post your work in the assignment box provided

Learning Activity 4.3: Discussion

Discuss dynamic client-server systems

Post your discussion in the provided discussion forum

Assessment
The activity 4.2. and Participation in the discussion in activity 4.3 will  be graded

Topic Resources
URL Links

1.       https://www.id.uzh.ch/dam/jcr:ffffffff-a138-dadb-0000-0000534f5791/php-
mysql.pdf

2.       https://www.tutorialspoint.com/internet_technologies/web_pages.htm

 Topic 4 Notes
Creating dynamic client-server systems

Dynamic Client-server systems are build/created by server-side scripting and client-side

scripting using scripting languages such as PHP,ASP, JSP or coldfusion

Server-side dynamic web page

It is created by using server-side scripting. There are server-side scripting parameters
that determine how to assemble a new web page which also include setting up of more
client-side processing.

Client-side dynamic web page

It is processed using client side scripting language such as JavaScript and then passed in
to Document Object Model (DOM).

Scripting Laguages
Scripting languages are like programming languages that allow us to write programs in
form of script. These scripts are interpreted not compiled and executed line by line.

Scripting language is used to create dynamic web pages.

Client-side Scripting
Client-side scripting refers to the programs that are executed on client-side. Client-side
scripts contains the instruction for the browser to be executed in response to certain
user’s action.

Client-side scripting programs can be embedded into HTML files or also can be kept as
separate files.

Dynamic websites

A dynamic web site is one that is written using a server-side scripting language such as
PHP, ASP, JSP, or Coldfusion

Advantages of dynamic websites

         i.            Ability to connect to the database enables to pull information in an

organized and structured way to create product pages

       ii.            Can be used to create content management system, which is an interface

which allows the client to input and manage data through administration pages

      iii.            There are little or no ongoing costs, unless there is a change in the basic
design or an extra capability added.

Disadvantages of dynamic websites

         i.            The design of a dynamic site is more fixed than a static one because many
of the pages are essentially a template into which data and content is poured to create
multiple pages of a similar type.

       ii.            Initial higher cost than static website due to additional functionality
 

Server-side Scripting
Sever-side scripting acts as an interface for the client and also limit the user access the
resources on web server. It can also collects the user’s characteristics in order to
customize response.