Refresher Course Solution For Week 1 (March 17 - March 20) PDF

Review Innovations CE Refresher Course for May 2020 – Math 1 SOLUTION
Solution 1. Solution 7.
50 men working:  5 195 
Salary = 50(30)(600) = P900,000 P=    (2) = 0.049
 200 200 
Penalty = 10(50,000) = P500,000
Total1 = P1,400,000
Solution 8.
70 men working: 2r – r(2) = 5280
Number of days = 50(30)/70  22 days 2640
r=
Salary = 70(22)(600) = P924,000 −
Penalty = 2(50,000) = P100,000
Total2 = P1,024,000 < Total1 tan  = 5280/r
 = arctan (5280/r)
1 mile
By hiring 20 additional men, the contractor can save
P376,000 2640
r=
 5280 
 − arctan  
 r 
Solution 2.
dAB + dBA = 120 By inspection r
25t + 15t = 120 r = 1437 ft 

t = 3 hrs  the trains will collide in 3 hours
r
The fly had flown for three hours

dfly = 100t = 300 miles
Solution 3.
1/45 + 1/x = 1/20 Solution 9.
1/x = 1/36 Pmin = 100 sin  = 100 sin [ arctan  ]
x = 36 minutes Pmin = 100 sin [ arctan (0.3) ] = 28.73 N
Solution 4.
P = kN
k = P/N
260,000 / 442,000 = P / 348,000

P = 204,706 tons of pollutants
Solution 5.
Let x = length of the army column Solution 10.
Going from front to rear: y2 = y2
relative velocity = 10 + 5 = 15 kph (3x + b)2 = 5x
Going from rear to front: 9x2 + (6b – 5)x + b2 = 0
relative velocity = 10 – 5 = 5 kph
For no common point
tfront-rear + trear-front = 10 minutes B2 – 4AC < 0
x x 10 (6b – 5)2 – 4(9b2) < 0
+ =
15 5 60 (36b2 – 60b + 25) – 36b2 < 0
x = 0.625 km 25 < 60b
x = 625 m 5/12 < b
Solution 6. Solution 11.

x = number of men Smith shoots first. Chance for Smith to win is…
P = S + SJS + SJSJS + SJSJSJS + SJSJSJSJS + …
For any particular day, P = S + (SJ)S + (SJ)2S + (SJ)3S + (SJ)4S + …
number of man-days MD = x(1)(364/365)x
Where S = 0.5
For entire year, SJ = 0.5(0.5) = 0.25
MD = (365)x(1)(364/365)x
P = 0.5 + 0.25(0.5) + 0.252(0.5) + 0.253(0.5) + 0.254(0.5) + …
By inspection,
MD is maximum when x = 364 P is a sum of Infinite Geometric Progression
a 0.5
P= 1 =
1−r 1 − 0.25
P = 2/3
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Review Innovations CE Refresher Course for May 2020 – Math 1 SOLUTION
Solution 12. Use
V=|ABC| 1 − (1 − 2q ) 2q q
Q= = =
 2 −3 4 2 −3  2(1 − q ) 2(1 − q ) 1−q
 
V =  1 2 −1 1 2  q
 3 −1 2 3 −1  Q=  probability of falling
  p
V = | (8 + 9 − 4) − (24 + 2 − 6) | = 7
Probability of escaping the cliff
q 1/3
P=1–Q=1– =1–
Solution to Situation 1. p 2 /3
Total number of ways, N = 4! = 24 P = 1/2
Exactly 1 is correct, N1 = 2(4C1) = 8
Exactly 2 are correct, N2 = 4C2 = 6
Exactly 3 are correct, N3 = 0
Exactly 4 are correct, N4 = 1
Solution 13.
Exactly 3 are correct:
P = N3 / N
P=0
Solution 14.
All are correct:
P=N
P = 1/24
Solution 15.
None is correct:
P = (N – N1 – N2 – N4) / N
P = (24 – 8 – 6 – 1) / 24
P = 3/8
Solution to Situation 2.
Legend: R = right, step away from the cliff, p = 2/3
L = left, step toward the cliff, q = 1/3
Solution 16.
P = RRR + RRL + RLR
P = (2/3)3 + (2/3)2(1/3) + (2/3)2(1/3)
P = 16/27
Solution 17.
P = RLRLL + RRLLL = (1/3)3(2/3)2  2
P = 8/243
Solution 18.
The probability of falling Q = q in one step. If he steps to
the right with a probability of p, the probability of coming
back to the starting point is pq. But q = Q, hence the
probability of coming back to the starting point is pQ. The
probability of making one more step to the left is therefore
(pQ)Q. Thus, the total probability of falling is...
q Start p
Escape
Fall
(pQ)Q pQ
Probability to fall = Q
Q = q + pQ2
pQ2 – Q + q = 0
1  1 − 4 pq 1  1 − 4(1 − q )q 1  1 − 4q + 4q 2
Q= = =
2p 2(1 − q ) 2(1 − q )
1  (1 − 2 q )2 1  (1 − 2q )
Q= =
2(1 − q ) 2(1 − q )
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Review Innovations CE Refresher for May 2020 – SEC 12 SOLUTION
Situation 1: Based from the force triangle (using sine law):
sin12 o sin51o
= → R A = 53.51 N (b) → answer
A B TAC RA 200
TAC TBC
60°
C 5. Reaction (in N) between the block and the floor if the
30° = θ α = 45°
W 75° block starts moving
Based from the force triangle (using sine law):

45° TBC
W sin117 o sin51o
= → R B = 229.30 N (c) → answer
RB 200
6. Force P (in N) required to start the blocks moving

W
P
by sine law:
sin60o sin45o sin60o
= = → TAC = 0.732W, TBC = 0.897W
W TAC TBC
1. Largest W (kN) that can be carried by the wires if the 15° 15°
maximum stress in the wires is not to exceed 124 MPa
NA 12° 12° NA
Pmax P
σ max = → 124 = max → Pmax = 14,012 N
A 113 RA = 53.51 N fA fA RA = 53.51 N
Pmax = TBC → 14,012 = 0.897W
W = 15,620 N = 15.62 kN (b) → answer
F V = 0] R A sin27 o ( 2 ) - P = 0
2. Stress in wire AC (MPa) if W = 25 kN ( )
P = 2 53.51 sin27 o = 48.59 N (d) → answer
TAC ( 0.732 )( 25 )( 1000 ) Situation 3:

σ AC = =
A 113
0.90 kN
σ AC = 161.95 MPa (a) → answer
3. Cross-sectional area (sq. mm) of the wires so that the 1.80 kN

max stress does not exceed 124 MPa, if W = 25 kN 0.45 kN
TAB = 0.732 ( 25 ) = 18.3 kN TBC = 0.897 ( 25 ) = 22.425 kN

TAB 18.3 ( 1000 )
σ AB = → 124 = → A = 147.58 mm 2
A A
TBC 22.425 ( 1000 )
σ BC = → 124 = → A = 180.85 mm 2
A A A Ax B
30° 45°
 Use A = 180.85 mm 2  181 mm 2 (b) → answer
Situation 2: a a
Ay RB
200 N
7. Resultant of the three forces P1, P2, and P3
RA RA
fA
15° 63° 51° R x = 1.80cos30o - 0.45cos45o = 1.241 kN
12° NA
117° R y = -1.80sin30o - 0.90 - 0.45sin45o = -2.118 kN
( )
2
200 N RB R= ( R x )2 + Ry = ( 1.241 )2 + ( -2.118 )
2
R = 2.455 kN (b) → answer

12°
fB
8. Reaction at A
12°
By principle of transmissibility, transfer all forces to the
RB NB center of the arc:
 M = 0] B
4. Reaction (in N) between the wedge and the block if the A ( 2 a ) - 1.80sin30 ( a ) - 0.90 ( a ) - 0.45sin45 ( a ) = 0
y
o o
block starts moving

A y = 1.059 kN
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F x = 0] -A x + 1.80cos30o - 0.45cos45o = 0 12. Smallest load q (in N/m) that would cause the structure
to tip over
A x = 1.241 kN
Note: The structure will tip over about point B and point A will be
out of contact with the ground surface. Thus, N A = 0.
( )
2
RA = ( A x )2 + Ay = ( 1.241)2 + ( 1.059 )
2
R A = 1.631 kN (d) → answer M B = 0]

- 11,772 ( 3.5 ) - 13,734 ( 0.75 ) + q ( 5 )( 6.5 ) = 0
9. Reaction at B
q = 1,584.69 N/m (b) → answer
By principle of transmissibility, transfer all forces to the
Situation 5:
center of the arc:
 M = 0] A Ay
- R ( 2 a ) + 1.80sin30 ( a ) + 0.90 ( a ) + 0.45sin45 ( a ) = 0
B
o o
R B = 1.059 kN (a) → answer

Ax Ty
(0, 0.8, 1)
Situation 4:
T = 3kN
Az
Tx
Tz (1.8, 0, 0.7)
q (5) Writing the tensile force in vector form:

 
-1.8i + 0.8j + 0.3k
T=3   = -2.71i + 1.205j + 0.452k
 
 ( -1.8 ) +0.8 +0.3
2 2 2

Tx = -2.71 kN Ty = 1.205 kN Tz = 0.452 kN
11,772 N
A x = 2.71 kN A y = -1.205 kN A z = -0.452 kN
13,734 N 13. Largest shear force (in kN) on the pipe’s cross section
Bx A = 1.205 T = 1.205
y y
A = 0.452 T = 2.71
z x
NA By
Cross section at A Cross section at C

10. Reaction (in N) at A if q = 1200 N/m
Considering cross section at C:
M B = 0]
NA ( 4.25 ) - 11,772 ( 3.5 ) - 13,734 ( 0.75 ) + 1,200 ( 5 )( 6.5 ) = 0
Vmax = Tx 2 + Ty 2 = = ( 2.71)2 + ( 1.205 )
2
NA = 2,941.76 N (d) → answer Vmax = 2.97 kN (d) → answer
11. Reaction (in N) at B if q = 1200 N/m 14. Maximum bending moment (in kN-m) at A
M A = - 1.205 ( 0.7 ) i - 2.71 ( 0.7 ) j - 0.452 ( 1.8 ) j + 1.205 ( 1.8 ) k

M A = 0]
M A = - 0.844 i - 2.711 j + 2.169 k
11,772 ( 0.75 ) + 13,734 ( 3.5 ) + 1,200 ( 5 )( 6.5 ) - B y ( 4.25 ) = 0
B y = 22,564.24 N
Considering bending moments only:
MA = ( -2.711)2 + 2.169 2 = 3.472 kN-m (b) → answer

F x = 0] 1200 ( 5 ) - B x = 0 → B y = 6,000 N
15. Maximum twisting moment (in kN-m) about x-axis
( )
2
RB = ( Bx ) 2
+ By = ( 22,564.24 ) 2
+ ( 6,000 )
2
MA = - 0.844 i - 2.711 j + 2.169 k
R A = 23,348.33 N (c) → answer M x = 0.844 kN-m (b) → answer
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Review Innovations CE Refresher for May 2020 - Hydraulics 1 SOLUTION
1.
Draft of the solid cylinder on the liquid:
Prior to the application of the pressure, the water level inside the tube
will rise due to capillary action. W = BF
 
3.78 = 8168   ( 0.1 ) ( D )
2
4 cos
h= 4
 
D
D = 0.059 m
(θ = 0° for water)
The volume of liquid displaced by the solid cylinder is equal to the
4 ( 0.0728 ) cos 0
h= increase in volume of liquid in the tank.
9810 ( 0.001 )
h = 0.03 m
Then after the pressure is applied, the water level will have an additional
height of P/γ. The final height of water inside the tube is 25 cm.
 
( 0.1) ( 0.059 − y ) = ( 0.12 ) − ( 0.10 )  ( y )
2 2 2
4 4 
y = 0.041 m
P
+ h = 0.25
 Or equate these volumes:
P
= 0.25 − 0.03
9810
Pbulb = 2158.2 Pa
2.
Most effective rectangular section:

 
( 0.1) ( 0.059 ) = ( 0.12 ) ( y )
2 2
4 4
y = 0.041 m
4.
1 2/3 1/2
Q=A R S
n
2/3
 1  d 
( 0.001)
1/2
Q = 2d 2   
 0.015  2 
d = 1.268 m
b = 2.535 m
Velocity of flow at point 1:
v = Cv 2gh
3. (For frictionless flow, Cv = 1.0)
 75 
v1 = 1.0 19.62  0.85 + 
 9.81 
v1 = 12.91 m/s
Using kinematic formula:

v2 2 = v12 − 2gy
0 = ( 12.91) − 19.62 ( H)
2
H = 8.5 m
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Or 7.
For frictionless flow, H = total head of flow
75
H = 0.85 +
9.81
H = 8.5 m
5.
A 10.4
dm = = = 1.169 m
B 8.9
8.
Compute the pressure when “full”
pbot = 0.68 ( 9.81)( 0.30 )

pbot = 2.00124 kPa
Total pressure at the bottom:
Set this pressure equal to 2 cm of water plus height of gasoline:  a
P =  h1  
 g 
2.00124 = 9.81 ( 0.02 ) +0.68 ( 9.81)( 0.28 − h )
 4.9 
h = 0.0094 m Pbot = 0.752 ( 9.81)( 1.5 )  1 + 
 9.81 
Pbot = 16.593 kPa
6. Solving for the force acting on the side using pressure diagram:
F = Areapressure diagram  width

1
F= ( 16.593 )( 1.5 )( 1.5 )
2
F = 18.667 kN
9.
For turbines: Power = Q HE → INPUT

Note: The “rating” of pumps and turbines is OUTPUT
OUTPUT
efficiency =
INPUT
OUTPUT = efficiency  Q ( HE )
450 = 0.87 ( 0.609 )( 9.81)( HE )
HE = 86.577 m
 2 x2
y= 10.
2g
2 2
   D
 120    
30   2 
D=
19.62
D = 0.497 m
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13.
Starting at the open end,
 Pressures]
0 + 9.81 ( 0.6 ) + 13.6 ( 9.81)( 0.6 ) − 9.81 (0.8 ) = Pbulb
Pbulb = 78.09 kPa
11.
Solving first for the unit weight of fluid x by applying Archimedes

principle:
Wwood = BFwood
0.6 ( 9810 ) V =  X ( 0.75V )
From law of conservation of mass:

 X = 7848 N m3
Applying ΣPressures starting at the open end:

( Q)in = ( Q)out
waterQwater + oilQoil = mixQmix
0 − 7848 ( 0.4 ) = pair
1000 ( 0.15) + 800 ( 0.03 ) = mix ( 0.18 )
pair = −3139.2 Pa
mix = 966.67 kg/m3
14.
12.
In water:
W = BF
W = 9.81 ( A )( h − 0.05) → 1 WB + WC = BFB + BFC
 6.67 
1.78 + 6.67 = 9.81 ( 1.22 ) ( 0.229 + y ) + 9.81 
2
In glycerin: 
 23.56 
W = BF' y = 0.160m
W = 1.35 ( 9.81)( A )( h − 0.076 ) → 2
Equate 1 & 2:
h − 0.05 = 1.35 ( h − 0.076 )
h = 0.150 m 15.
q2 d + d2
Using equation 1: = d1d 2 1
g 2
sg ( 9.81)( A )( 0.15) = 9.81 (A )( 0.15 − 0.05)
q2 0.22 + 0.84
sg = 0.67 = 0.22 ( 0.84 )
9.81 2
q = 0.98 m3 /m • s
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Review Innovations CE Refresher for May 2020 – Geotechnical Engineering 1 SOLUTION
SITUATION 1 (1 – 3)
QUESTION 7
QUESTION 8
Se = wGs
wGs 0.3(2.61) Gs w 2.61(9.81)
e= = = 1.74 d = = = 9.345 kN / m3
S 0.45 1+ e 1 + 1.74
QUESTION 9
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QUESTION 10
aL h1 ( / 4)(1) 2 (20) 90
k= ln = ln = 0.00784 cm / s
At h2 ( / 4)(5) 2 (60) 50
QUESTION 11
aL h1 aL 50
k1 = ln = ln
At h2 A(5) 48 Since k1 = k2 ( Same soil ) :
aL h1 aL 50 aL 50 aL 50
k2 = ln = ln ln = ln → t = 84.899 mins
At h2 At 25 A (5) 48 At 25
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QUESTION 15
QUESTION 16
Sieve Analysis - sieve analysis is the practice or procedure used to assess the particle size distribution of any granular
material using a series of sieves that have different opening sizes.
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Review Innovations CE Refresher Course for May 2020 – MATH10 Solution
3. If it were eight hours later, it would
1. Given the perimeter of a triangle is be half as long until midnight as it
180 in. If the angles of the triangle would be if it were two hours later.
are in the ratio of 5:6:7. Find the What time is it now?
area of the triangle. a. 10AM c. 8AM
a. 1500 c.1740 b. 8PM d. 10PM
b. 1470 d.1527*
If it were eight hours later, the time
COMMON MISTAKE: until midnight is 24 – (t+8).
5x + 6x + 7x = 180; x =10 If it were eight hours later, the time

Incorrect sides: 50,60,70 until midnight is 24 – (t+2).
You will get 1470 if you try Heron’s 24 – (t+8) = 0.5 [24 – (t+2)
formula. 1470 is incorrect.
t ➔ 10, which means 10 AM
CORRECT SOLUTION:
Tips:
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 = 180
If you are having difficulty in trying
sin 60 sin 50 to make an equation, try using the
𝑎+ + = 180 choices. Try substituting the choice
sin 70 sin 70
to the basic senteces.
𝑎 𝑎
Therefore a = 65.77; Ex. (Assuming first choice 10AM)
We can therefore solve: If it were eight hours later

b = 60.61 ➔ 10AM + 8 hrs ➔ 6PM
c = 53.52
If it were two hours later
Apply heron’s formula for a,b,& c ➔ 10AM + 8 hrs ➔ 12PM
Area = 1526.946 The values make sense! It is

easier to understand now what the
2. Given that (x,y) satisfies: problem meant by “half as long until
𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 9, what is the largest midnight”
possible value of 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 4𝑥?
4. Find the perimeter of an equilateral
a. 29 c.36 triangle inscribed in a circle whose
b. 24 d.30 circumference is 12pi?
a. 31.18 c.50.39
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 3𝑦 2 + 4𝑥 b. 20.78 d.62.35
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2𝑦 2 + 4𝑥
Recommended Solution:
2 2 2 2
Insert: 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 9 ➔ 𝑦 = 9 − 𝑥
Don’t solve it first, try estimating
the answer. Obviously since the
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + 2(9 − 𝑥 2 )2 + 4𝑥 triangle is inside the circle, it is
𝑓(𝑥) = 9 + 2(9 − 𝑥 2 )2 + 4𝑥 impossible that the perimeter of the
𝑓(𝑥) = 27 − 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 triangle is greater than the
circumference of the circle.
𝑑[𝑓(𝑥)] Choices c and d are now
= −4𝑥 + 4
𝑑𝑥 eliminated. (12 pi is 37.69)
0 = −4𝑥 + 4 ➔ x =1 S = side of triangle
𝑑[𝑓(𝑥)] 60 𝑠
𝑑[ ] 6 cos = ➔ 𝑠 = 6√3
𝑑𝑥 2 2
= −4
𝑑𝑥
P = 3s ➔ P = 31.18
Since the second derivative of the function
is less than zero at any value x, the maximum
value of the function occers at x = 1. 5. Consider the arithmetic sequence
1,4,7,10,13… Find the 200th element in
the sequence.
Finally, the maximum value of the function a. 601 c.598*
occurs at x = 1. b. 604 d.595
𝑓(𝑥) = 27 − 2𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 27 − 2(1)2 + 4(1) ➔ 29
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if the speed of one is 10 km/hr
Recommended Solution: greater than that of the other.
a. 25 kph c. 35 kph*
Use Linear mode since arithmetic is b. 40 kph d. 30 kph
linear.
Solution Tips:
x y It is easy to understand motion problems

1 1 if one can visualize the problem using
analytic geometry.
2 4
Note that we can make an equation of a
200𝑦̂ ➔ 598 line based on the object’s velocity.
6. Find the units digit of 132012 – 122011 The constant velocity of an object is the
a. 3* b.7 c.5 d.1 slope of its line. Recall that slope is
rise over run. In this case, our rise is
Traditional Solution speed and our run is time. Which is
velocity.
The problem can be solved by analyzing
the pattern of the different outputs. I have used the term “velocity” instead
of speed because our lines can define
This problem cannot be computed by the directions. If a slope is negative, it
calculator. is opposing the reference positive
direction.
Different ouputs:
Use Table: Going back to the problem, our graph
13𝑥+1 − 12𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥) should look something like this:
Start 1; End 10; Step = 1
131+1 − 121 = 157

132+1 − 122 = 2053
133+1 − 123 = 26833
134+1 − 124 = 350557
135+1 − 125 = 4577977
136+1 − 126 = 59762533
137+1 − 127 = 779898913
136+1 − 126 = 1.017 … × 1010
Notice that every 4th trial, the 7,3,3,7

repeats.
Finding out that 2011/4 is 500.75, therefore Plugging in the velocities.

not divisible by == not 7
Since they have the same location at t =
Therefore, answer is: ➔ 3 3.5. We can equate both equations
7. Trigonometry: Suppose that tan 𝜃 = 5/12 ;

cos 𝜃 < 0. Find sin 𝜃
a. 5/13 c. -5/13*
b. 12/13 d. -12/13
Positive tangent and negative cosine,

meaning this is in quadrant three.
tan 𝜃 = (−5)/(−12)
If angle is in third quadrant, sin

must be negative.
Using Pythagorean: (−5)2 + (−12)2 = 𝑐 2 ;
c = 13
(−5)
➔ sin 𝜃 =
(+13)
8. Two cars started at the same time,

travelling towards each other, from 1 1
places 200km apart. Determine the −𝑚 (3 ) + 200 = (𝑚 + 10) (3 )
3 3
speed of the faster car if they meet 𝑚 = 25
1
each other at the end of 3 hours and
3
Therefore faster car = m + 10 ➔ 35
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That -rt + x = rt +20

9. The sum of the first three elements in
an arithmetic sequence is 219. The sum Note that:
of the first nine elements in the same rt + 20 = 60
arithmetic sequence is 603. Find the therefore:
143rd element in this sequence. rt = 40 steps.
a. 143 c. -209* Going back
b. 359 d. 169 -40 + x = 40 +20
Solution: X ➔ 100 steps
Arithmetic: 11. Calculate the effective rate 18%

x + (x+d) +(x+2d) = 219 compounded semi-quarterly.
or 3x +3d =219 ➔ equation 1 a. 19.25%* c.18.81%
b. 19.1% d.19.48%
Similarly,
9x + 36d =603 ➔ equation 2 18% 8
𝑖𝑒𝑓𝑓 = (1 + ) −1
8
x = 75, d = -2
𝒊𝒆𝒇𝒇 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟒𝟖%
therefore:
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 12. DK is being pursued by Jerwin. DK is
𝑎𝑛 = 75 + (148 − 1)(−2) ahead by 30 of his pace. How many
𝒂𝒏 = −𝟐𝟎𝟗 paces must Jerwin take if he takes 4
paces for the same time span that DK
10. Two sisters go up the 60-step takes 5 paces, but 3 of the Jerwin’s
escalator. The older rides up the paces is as long as 4 of DK’s paces.
escalator, but can only take 20 steps a. 480 c.420
up during the ride since it is quite b. 450 d.360*
crowded. Her younger sister runs up the
down escalator, arriving at the top at Recommended Solution:
the same time as her sister. How many
steps does the younger take, assuming One of the best ways to solve
that both escalators have the same difficult problems is by solving an
rate? easier related problem.
a. 100* c.80
b. 240 d.120 In this case, it is easier to solve
the problem if we take out “but 3 of
Tips: jerwin’s paces is as long as 4 of DK’s
It is easier to understand the flow of paces”
the correct solution if one tries to
substitute values in order to Very similar to the motion problem
eliminate multiple variables. found at problem 8, we can easiliy
visualize that:
Say, Rate of Escalator = 1 step per
second.
Say, it took them 40 seconds to reach

the top. (which moves them 40 steps
due to the escalator movement)
Under this bracket would be the

scenario for the sister going up on an
“up” escalator.
{
40 steps (from escalator)
20 steps (from walking up)
60 step displacement
} Note that x = - 30 does not make any
sense. In order for Jerwin to reach
Under this bracket would be the DK, the slope of Jerwin’s line must be
scenario for the sister going up on a greater than Dk’s (in this case jerwin
“down” escalator. has 4 and dk has 5 because we did not
convert the steps.)
{
-40 steps (From escalator) Now knowing this, we can now have an
+ X needed steps idea that what we must input is the
Must be 60 step displacement converted slope, and we know that.
}
4 𝐽𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑛′𝑠
=
Now we can easily understand: 3 𝐷𝐾′𝑠
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The correct equation must be: The fastest of solving this classic
problem is to subtract the small
isosceles triangles having equal sides
of 20.
Knowing that they will meet after 90

seconds.
We can therefore determine how many

steps Jerwin has made.
𝑦 = 4𝑥 + 0
The area of the smaller square is:
𝑦 = 4(90) + 0
1
𝒚 = 𝟑𝟔𝟎 402 − 4 ∗ [ (20)(20)] = 800
2
You can also use in reference of Dk’s
Notice: that initially, we had an area
steps:
of
4
𝑦 = ( ) 4(90) + 0
3 402 ➔ 1600
𝑦 = 480
Now having a total of 2400.
𝟑
𝒚 = ( ) 𝟒𝟖𝟎 ➔ 360 Continuing indefinitely, we know that
𝟒
the inner circle must have consumed
half of the circle it is inscribed in.
13. Determine the value of k so that when
(kx + 1)(x-1)(x+3) + 2 is divided by
x + 2, the remainder is 11.
a. 2/5 c. 2*
b. -5/3 d. -9/5
Solution:
Recall remainder and factor theorem:
f(-2) must be equal to 11
Note: -2 was taken from x + 2;
(𝑘(−2) + 1)((−2) − 1)((−2) + 3) + 2 = 11
Therefore, value of k ➔ 2
Instead of using the traditional

14. A side of a square is 40 inches. The
geometric progression, it is faster to
midpoints of its sides are joined to
type:
form an inscribed square. Another
square is drawn in such a way that its
1600 + 800 +400 + 200 + 100 + 50 + 25
vertices would lie also at the
midpoints of the sides of the second + 12.5 + 6.25… ➔ 3193.75
square. This process is continued
infinitely. Find the sum of the areas Approaching one of the choices: 3200
of these infinite squares in square
inches. Traditional solution:
a. 3200 c. 6400/3 𝑎1 (1 − 𝑟 𝑛 )
𝑆=
b. 800 d. 5463 1−𝑟
1600 (1 − 0.5𝑖𝑛𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦 )
𝑆=
Recommended solution: 1 − 0.5
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b. 34° d.40°
1600
𝑆= 3
1 − 0.5 tan−1 ➔ 56 degrees
2
𝑺 ➔ 3200 20. Find the quadratic mean of the

following numbers: 3,4,5,4,8,10,7.
15. The mean marks of 25 students is 95. a. 6.3133* c.11.7143
It was later discovered that two marks b. 5.8571 d.34.3061
were incorrectly taken as 65 and 75
instead of 56 and 57. What would be
the correct mean? 32 + 42 + 52 + 42 + 82 + 102 + 72
𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = √
2
a. 96.08 c.94.64
b. 93.92* d.92.26
𝒒𝒖𝒂𝒅𝒓𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒄 𝒎𝒆𝒂𝒏 ➔ 𝟔. 𝟑𝟏𝟑𝟐𝟓𝟏
Solution:
21. A point selected at random inside a
circle. Find the probability that the
Incorrectly taken:
point is closer to the center of the
circle that to its circumference.
𝑠𝑢𝑚 + 65 + 75
= 95 a. 1/4* c. 1/8
25 b. 1/2 d.16/33
Sum = 2235
𝐼𝑛𝑛𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
𝑠𝑢𝑚 + 56 + 57 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
= 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎
25
𝜋(0.5)2
Correct average ➔ 93.92 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 =
𝜋(1)2
16. What payment 10 years from now, is 𝟏

𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒃𝒂𝒃𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 =
equivalent to a payment of Php 1000 𝟒
six years from now, if interest is 15%
compounded monthly? 22. A student discovers that his grade on
a. 1749.01 c.1815.35* a recent test was the 72nd percentile.
b. 1783.48 d.1479.01 If 90 students took the test, how many
students sure received a higher grade
than he did?
15% 12 [10−6]
𝐹10 = 1000 (1 + ) a. 25* c.65
12 b. b.23 d.27
𝑭𝟏𝟎 = 𝟏𝟖𝟏𝟓. 𝟑𝟓 The percentage of students getting
higher score than him is given by:
17. What is the future amount of Php
35,000 after 8 years if money is worth 100 -72 = 28%
7% compounded continuously?
a. 62713.45 c.62731.45 The 28% of 90 is computed as:
b. 61273.54* d.67231.54
0.28(90) ➔ 25.2
𝐹 = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡
23. Rosemarie was driving in a 500 mile
𝐹 = 35,000𝑒 (7%)(8) race. After 250 miles, Rosemarie’s
average speed was 150 miles per hour.
𝑭 = 𝟔𝟏, 𝟐𝟕𝟑. 𝟓𝟒 Approximately how fast should she
drive the second half of the race if
18. A businessman borrowed Php 10,000.000 she wants to attain an overall average
with interest at the rate of 5% of 180 miles per hour?
payable annually. The debt will be a. 215 c.230
paid, principal and interest by equal b. b.220 d.225*
installments at the end of each year
for 3 years. Compute the annual Total time = time after first 250 +
payment. time remaining
a. 3276 c.3267
b. 3672* d.3627 500𝑚𝑖 250𝑚𝑖 250𝑚𝑖
= +
180𝑚𝑝ℎ 150𝑚𝑝ℎ 𝑥 𝑚𝑝ℎ
((1 + 5%)3 − 1)
10,000 = 𝐴
5% (1 + 5%)3 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
𝑨 = 𝟑𝟔𝟕𝟐. 𝟎𝟗
19. What is the angle of inclination of a

line with slope 3/2?
a. 42° c.56°*
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24. Suppose a and b are positive different 26. What is the area of the triangular
from 1 satisfying: region in the first quadrant bounded
on the left by the y-axis, bounded by
the line 7x + 4y = 168 and bounded by
𝑎
𝑎𝑏 = 𝑎𝑏 ; = 𝑎2𝑏 the line 5x + 3y = 121
𝑏
Determine the value of 8a + 3b a. 106/3 c.53/3

b. 50/3* d.100/3
a. 27 c.29
b. 28 d.30 Recommended Solution:
Recommended solution:
Instead of solving it using integral
calculus, the best approach for this
𝑎 problem is to use the basic area of a
𝑎𝑏 ( ) = 𝑎𝑏 (𝑎2𝑏 )
𝑏 triangle.
𝑎2 = 𝑎𝑏+2𝑏 1
𝐴= 𝑏ℎ
2
𝑎2 = 𝑎𝑏+2𝑏
1 121
Exponents are equal: 𝐴 = (42 − ) (20)
2 3
2 = 𝑏 + 2𝑏 𝑨 = 𝟓𝟎/𝟑
𝑏 = 2/3
We can now solve: a = 27/8
8a + 3b ➔ 29
25. Let x denote the smallest positive

integer satisfying 12𝑥 = 25𝑦 2 for some
positive integer y. What is the value
of x + y?
a. 75 c.83
b. 81* d.88
Recommended Solution:
Use table function. Note that all are

integers (in this problem – both x and
y must be whole numbers)
25𝑦 2
Try 𝑓(𝑦) = ; 27. Analytic Geometry: Calculate the
12
length of the major axis of an ellipse
start: 0, end: 10, step 1 if its eccentricity is 2/3 and the
distance between its directrices is
First whole number is 75, therefore an
9√2.
x = 75 exists at y = 6
a. 6√2* c. 12√2
75 + 6 ➔ 81 b. 3√2 d. 24√2
Traditional Solution 𝑐
𝑒=
𝑎
Get prime factorization of 12 and 25.
2 𝑐
=
2 =5 𝑦 2 (3𝑥) 2 2 3 𝑎
To satisfy the equality, y must take
Note: Distance between directrices
the form of 2𝑘 3𝑚 , for some positive
𝑎2
integer k and m. must be 2 times
𝑐
To get the smallest positive integer 𝑎2 9√2

x,y must be minimum also and that will =
happen if k = m = 1. It follows that 𝑐 2
𝑎2 9√2
22 (3𝑥) = 52 𝑦 2 ➔ 22 (3𝑥) = 52 22 32 2
( 𝑎)
=
2
; therefore 2a ➔ 𝟔√𝟐
3
Therefore x = 75
x+y = 81
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Therefore a = -1 , b = 6
28. Matthew borrowed money from a bank. He
received from the bank P1340 and
promised to pay P1500 at the end of 9
months. Determine the corresponding
discount rate.
a. 13.73%* c.10.67% 31. What is the fifth term of (2𝑥 + 𝑦)10 .
b. 15.92% d.11.94% a. 8064𝑥 5 𝑦 5 c. 3360𝑥 4 𝑦 6
6 4
b. 13440𝑥 𝑦 ∗ d. 4032𝑥 5 𝑦 5
Solution
Solution
9
1500 = 1340 (1 + 𝑖 ( ))
12 𝑛∁𝑟−1 𝑎𝑛−𝑟+1 𝑏 𝑟−1
𝑖 = 15.92% 5∁5−1 (2𝑥)10−5+1 (𝑦)5−1
𝑖 210 × 64 × 𝑥 6 × 𝑦 4
𝑑=
1+𝑖
𝟏𝟑𝟒𝟒𝟎𝒙𝟔 𝒚𝟒
15.92%
𝑑=
1 + 15.92% 32. Find the exact value of the continues
fraction below.
𝒅 = 𝟏𝟑. 𝟕𝟑%
2
29. Find the sum of all values of x that 2
satisfy the equation: 1+ 2
1+
1+⋯
2
2 −12𝑥+35)(𝑥 −40𝑥+400) a. ½ c.3/4
(𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 5)(𝑥 =1 b. 1.5 d.1*
Solution
a. 5 c.20*
b. 17 d.15 2
𝑙𝑒𝑡 𝑥 =
2
There are three ways for this equation to 1+ 2
1+
be equal to 1: 1+⋯
(1) Base must be equal to 1 2

𝑥=
1 + [𝑥]
𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 5 = 1
𝑥 = 1,4 𝑥 = −2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1
(2) Exponent must be equal to zero
𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 35 = 0 2
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑒 − 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 𝑡𝑜:
𝑥 = 5,7 1 + [1]
(3) Note that if 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 5 is -1 and is Substitute the values x = -2 or 1

𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 35 is 2,the negative value in
(-1) would be positive if squared, or 2
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 1: =1
formally, if negative 1 is into a 1 + [1]
negative number.
Therefore 1 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 3 = 20 2
𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 − 2: = −2
1 + [−2]
30. Suppose that x – 1 and x + 2 are
factors of Answer is ➔ 1
f(x)= 2𝑥 3 + 𝑎𝑥 2 − 7𝑥 + 𝑏.
33. The line segment joining any two non –
Find the ordered pair (a,b). adjacent vertices.
a. Diameter c. Secant line
a. 1,-6 c.(7/3,-22/3) b. Chord d. diagonal*
b. (-7/3, 22/3) d. (-1,6)*
34. The distance between two parallel
Solution sides of a quadrilateral
In order for x – 1 and x – 2 to be a. Skewed c. base
factors of the function, f(1) and f(2) b. Perpendiculars d. altitude*
should be equal to “zero”
f(1)
2(1)3 + 𝑎(1)2 − (1) + 𝑏 = 0 ➔ eq.1
f(-2)
2(−2)3 + 𝑎(−2)2 − 7(−2) + 𝑏 = 0 ➔ eq. 2
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35. It is the amount, which a willing
buyer will pay to a willing seller for
the property where each has equal
advantage and is under no compulsion
to buy or sell.
a. Fair value
b. Utility value
c. Junk Value
d. Market Value*
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Review Innovations CE Refresher Course for May 2020 – SEC 1 SOLUTION
Situation 1 Situation 2
1.
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 1𝑚. 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝.
300(3003 ) 276(2763 )
I= −
12 12
= 191.43x10 mm
6 4
= 1.914x10−4 m4
4. Deflection @B.
Since there is no load in segment BC, you can use the equation of maximum
deflection for a cantilever beam with concentrated load, but consider only the
wl2 24.5(32 ) length of segment AB.
M= = = 36.75 kN − m
6 6
PL3
6M 6(36.75x106 ) B =
σ= 2= = 22.05 MPa 3EI
bd 1,000(1002 )
175,000(15003 )
2. =
3(200,000)(191.43x106 )
= 5.14mm
5. Deflection @C.
Pa 2 (3L − a)
C =
6EI
175,000(15002 ) 3(2500) − 1500
=
6(200,000)(191.43x106 )
= 10.28mm
6.
1(0.13 ) M max c
EI = 8.5x106 [ ] = 708.33 kN − m2  max =
12 I
175,000(1500)(150)
∑ deftop = δtri. + δR = 0.0127 =
191.43x106
wl4 Rl3
− = 0.0127 = 205.69 MPa
30EI 3EI
24.5(34 ) R(33 )
− = 0.0127
30(708.33) 3(708.33) Situation 3
R = 6.35 kN 7.
3.
𝑤𝑢𝐷 = 1.2(4.6)(2.75) = 15.18 kN/m

wuL = 1.6(1.9)(2.75) = 8.36 kN/m
Maximum reaction at K.
∑ deftop = δtri. + δF = 0
wl4 Pa2 (3l − a)
− =0
30EI 6EI
24.5(34 ) F(1.52 )(9 − 1.5)
− =0
30(708.33) 6(708.33)
R K max = 1.10wuD L + 1.20wuL L
F = 23.52 kN
= 1.10(15.18)(8) + 1.20(8.36)(8))
= 213.84 kN
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Review Innovations CE Refresher Course for May 2020 – SEC 1 SOLUTION
Situation 5
8.
R L max = 0.40wuD L + 0.45wuL L
= 0.40(15.18)(8) + 0.45(8.36)(8)
= 78.67kN
2
23.54(3.34 )
Mu = 78.67(3.34) − = 131.46 kN − m
2
Approximate solution:
Mu = 0.08wuD L2 + 0.101wuL L2
= 0.08(15.18)(82 ) + 0.101(8.36)(82 ) 13.
= 131.76 kN wU D = 1.2(w beam + w slab + w S.D.L. )
= 1.2[24(0.4)(0.5) + 24(2.5)(0.1) + 4.452(2.5)]
= 26.32 kN/m
9. wuD = 15 kN/m wuL = 20 kN/m wU L = 1.6(3.825)(2.5) = 15.3 kN/m
Moment at interior support is maximum if two spans are fully loaded.
VKL max = 0.60wuD L + 0.617wuL L

= 0.60(15)(8) + 0.617(20)(8)
wU L2 (26.32 + 15.3)(7.52 )
MU = − =− = −292.64kN − m
= 170.72 kN 8 8
14. Reaction at interior support is maximum if the two spans are fully
loaded.
Situation 4
10.
As 588π
ρact = = = 0.0160
bd 300(385)
ρact < ρbal

therefore tension steel will yield, fs = fy ∑ MD = 0
Note: You can also
41.62(7.52 )
As fs 588π(415) + 292.64 − 7.5VE 1 = 0 use other methods
a= = = 143.16 mm 2 like MDM and
0.85fc′b 0.85(21)(300) VE 1 = 195.09 kN method of
Mn = As fy (d − 0.5a) R E = 2VE 1 = 2(195.09) = 390.18 kN superposition
= 588π(415)[385 − 0.5(143.16)] 15. Beam DE will have a maximum positive moment if live load is loaded
= 240.27 kN − m only on span DE.
11. Determine the classification of the section.

dt 385
εt = 0.003 ( − 1) = 0.003 ( − 1) = 0.00386
c 143.16/0.85 wU D L2 wU L L2 24(7.52 ) 12.2(7.52 )
MU = − − =− − = −211.64kN − m
0.002 < εt < 0.005, transition region 8 16 8 16
Mode – Stat – linear (or you can do manual interpolation)
ε Ø
0.002 0.65
0.005 0.90
Ø = εy̅ = 0.00386y̅ = 0.805
∑ ME = −211.64
Mu = ØMn = 0.805(240.27) = 193.40 kN/m
36.2(7.52 )
− + 7.5R D = −211.64
2
12.
R D = 107.53 kN
wu l2
Mu = Mu uniform + Mu concentrated = + Pu l
2
15(3.5)2 ∑ FV = 0
193.40 = + 1.6PL (3.5)
2 107.53 − 36.2x = 0
PL = 18.12 kN x = 2.97m
36.2(2.972 )
M = 107.53(2.97) − = 159.71 kN − m
2
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Review Innovations CE Refresher for May 2020 – MATH15 SOLUTION
1. A highway fill at stations 5+040 has a uniform

STA. 5+040
ground slope. It has a sideslope of 2:1 and width
of roadway is 12 m. Find the area of Sta. 5+040.
A. 216 m2 C. 166 m2
B. 226 m2 D. 126 m2
cL
2hL 6 6 2hR
hL
4
5 2
6
1
hR
1 2hL + 12 + 2hR 12
2
hR - hL
cL 12 + 2hR
hR - 4
2hL 6 6 2hR
hL
4
5 6
hR
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2-4 Sta. 56+000

El. 60 m
Sta. 56+266
a CVC El. 58.78
g3
H b
x 266-x
a - b = 60 – 58.78
0.04x - 0.03(266-x) = 1.22
131.43 (134.57)
0.07x = 9.2 = (0.04 + 0.03)
2 (266)
x = 131.43 m
H = 2.33 m
-4(131.43) + 3(134.57)
g3 = Elev. CVC = 60 - a + H
266
= 60 - 0.04 (131.43)+ 2.33
g3 = -0.46%
Elev. CVC = 57.07 m
From the field notes of a closed traverse shown below:

LINES BEARING DISTANCE DEP LAT
AB Due North 400 0 400
BC N45°E 800 565.685 565.685
CD S60°E 700 606.218 -350
DE S20°W 600 -205.212 -563.816
EA S87°W 966 -964.676 -50.557
Perimeter = 3466 2.015 1.312
5. What is the linear error of closure? LEC = = (2.015)2 + (1.312)2

A. 0.703 C. 1.312
B. 2.015 D. 2.404 LEC = 2.404
6. What is the relative error? LEC 2.404

A. 1/1720 C. 1/1442 Relative error = =
Perimetertraverse 3466
B. 1/4930 D. 1/2642
Relative error =
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9 - 11
70 70
a
PC R2 T1
a
6m
b
R1 = 163.80 m
PT
70
70
R2 R2 – 4.78
R2 – 4.78 cos 70 =
R2
R2 (1 – cos 70) = 4.78
R2 = 641.28 m
From the field notes of a closed traverse shown below:

7. Using compass rule, what is the adjusted
LINES BEARING DISTANCE DEP LAT
distance of line EA?
AB Due North 400 0 400 A. 965.425 C. 966.123
BC N45°E 800 565.685 565.685 B. 966.580 D. 964.891
CD S60°E 700 606.218 -350 8. Using compass rule, what is the adjusted
DE S20°W 600 -205.212 -563.816 bearing of line EA?
EA S87°W 966 -964.676 -50.557 A. S86058’49’’W C. S86010’20’’W
B. S88 56’20’’W
0 D. S8700’50’’W
Perimeter = 3466 2.015 1.312
Compass Rule: Latitude: Dist.2 = Dep.2 + Lat.2

correctionEA 966 Dist.2 = (-965.238)2 + (-50.923)2
=
1.312 3466 DistanceEA = 966.580
Departure: Correctionlat.EA = 0.366
Dep. 965.238
correctionEA 966 Corrected Dep = -964.676 - 0.562 tan β = =
= Lat. 50.923
2.015 3466 Corrected Dep = -965.238
Correctiondep.EA = 0.562 Corrected Lat = -50.557 - 0.366 β = S 860 58’ 8. 8’’ W

Corrected Lat = -50.923
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12 - 14
12 cm Ground Distance:
Scale =
1320 m - 120 m 1 6.5 cm
=
10,000 D
= 1 cm : 100 m
Scale = 1 : 10000 D = 65,000 cm = 650 m
Actual Area:
(2.54 cm)2
Map area = 10 in2 x = 64.516 cm2
(1 in)2
Actual area = 6.4516 x 109 cm2
2
1 64.516 cm2 Actual area = 645,160 m2
=
10,000 Actual area
15
YEAR PROPERTY INJURY FATAL ADT

1980 110 40 3 12000
1981 215 52 1 12500
1982 170 60 5 16000
1983 250 74 x 13500
1984 160 96 y 14000
905 322 9+(x+y) Ave = 13600
9+(x+y)+ 322
0.2766 =
9+(x+y)+ 322 + 905 (24 + 322 + 905)
R= R = 252
0.7234(x+y) = 10.8776 13600 (5) 365 (20)
x+y = 15
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QUESTION 1-3
QUESTION 4-6
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QUESTION 7-9
 (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194  (032) 268-5989 0919-822 -5048  (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998
QUESTION 10-12
 (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194  (032) 268-5989 0919-822 -5048  (082) 221-1121 0930-256-0998
QUESTION 13-15
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Review Innovations CE Refresher Course for May 2020 – Math 1 SOLUTION

The fly had flown for three hours

260,000 / 442,000 = P / 348,000

Solution 6. Solution 11.

Based from the force triangle (using sine law):

6. Force P (in N) required to start the blocks moving

TAC ( 0.732 )( 25 )( 1000 ) Situation 3:

3. Cross-sectional area (sq. mm) of the wires so that the 1.80 kN

TAB = 0.732 ( 25 ) = 18.3 kN TBC = 0.897 ( 25 ) = 22.425 kN

R = 2.455 kN (b) → answer

block starts moving

R A = 1.631 kN (d) → answer M B = 0]

R B = 1.059 kN (a) → answer

q (5) Writing the tensile force in vector form:

Cross section at A Cross section at C

NA = 2,941.76 N (d) → answer Vmax = 2.97 kN (d) → answer

M A = - 1.205 ( 0.7 ) i - 2.71 ( 0.7 ) j - 0.452 ( 1.8 ) j + 1.205 ( 1.8 ) k

MA = ( -2.711)2 + 2.169 2 = 3.472 kN-m (b) → answer

15. Maximum twisting moment (in kN-m) about x-axis

Most effective rectangular section:

Using kinematic formula:

For frictionless flow, H = total head of flow

Compute the pressure when “full”

pbot = 0.68 ( 9.81)( 0.30 )

F = Areapressure diagram  width

For turbines: Power = Q HE → INPUT

Solving first for the unit weight of fluid x by applying Archimedes

From law of conservation of mass:

Applying ΣPressures starting at the open end:

5x + 6x + 7x = 180; x =10 If it were eight hours later, the time

We can therefore solve: If it were eight hours later

Area = 1526.946 The values make sense! It is

0 = −4𝑥 + 4 ➔ x =1 S = side of triangle

x y It is easy to understand motion problems

131+1 − 121 = 157

Notice that every 4th trial, the 7,3,3,7

Finding out that 2011/4 is 500.75, therefore Plugging in the velocities.

7. Trigonometry: Suppose that tan 𝜃 = 5/12 ;

Positive tangent and negative cosine,

If angle is in third quadrant, sin

Using Pythagorean: (−5)2 + (−12)2 = 𝑐 2 ;

8. Two cars started at the same time,

That -rt + x = rt +20

Solution: X ➔ 100 steps

Arithmetic: 11. Calculate the effective rate 18%

Say, it took them 40 seconds to reach

Under this bracket would be the

Knowing that they will meet after 90

We can therefore determine how many

Note: -2 was taken from x + 2;

(𝑘(−2) + 1)((−2) − 1)((−2) + 3) + 2 = 11

Instead of using the traditional

𝑺 ➔ 3200 20. Find the quadratic mean of the

16. What payment 10 years from now, is 𝟏

19. What is the angle of inclination of a

Determine the value of 8a + 3b a. 106/3 c.53/3

We can now solve: a = 27/8

25. Let x denote the smallest positive

Use table function. Note that all are

To get the smallest positive integer 𝑎2 9√2

𝑖 = 15.92% 5∁5−1 (2𝑥)10−5+1 (𝑦)5−1

(1) Base must be equal to 1 2

(3) Note that if 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥 + 5 is -1 and is Substitute the values x = -2 or 1