Oromo Verbs

 Welcome to the 10th lesson about verbs in Oromo. We will first learn about the present
tense, followed by the past tense, and future tense. We will also analyze some grammar rules,
and finally practice how to ask for direction in Oromo.
Verbs are used to express an action (I swim) or a state of being (I am). The present tense in
Oromo conveys a situation or event in the present time. Here are some examples:
Present Tense Oromo
I speak English ingiliffa nan dubbadha
you speak French afaan faransaayi dubbata
he speaks German afaan jarmanii dubbata
she speaks Italian afaan xaliyaani dubbatti
we speak Arabic afaan arabaa dubbanna
they speak Chinese afaan chayina dubbatu
The past tense in Oromo conveys a situation or event in the past time. Here are some
examples:
Past Tense Oromo
I visited France biyya faransaayi ndaawwadhe
you visited Italy biyya xaaliyaani daawwatte
he visited Morocco biyya morooko daawwate
she visited China biyya chaayina daawwatte
we visited Mexico biyya meeksiko daawwanne
they visited Kenya biyya keeniyaa daawwatan

The future tense in Oromo conveys a situation or event which is anticipated to happen in the
future. Here are some examples:
Future Tense Oromo
I will drink milk buna ndhuga
you will drink coffee buna dhugda
he will drink tea inni shaayi dhuga
she will drink water bishaan dhugdi
we will drink apple juice chuunfaa apili dhugna
they will drink tea jarri shaayi dhugu

Now let's take a break and refresh our vocabulary by learning the body parts.
ear eye mouth nose
gurra ija afaan funyaan
hair face head heart

dabbasaa fuula mataa onnee

hand fingers leg feet

harka quboota luka miilla

Travel Phrases in Oromo

Imagine yourself in some Oromo speaking country. The following travel phrases are highly
important and can help you avoid misunderstanding. Try to memorize them and practice!
English Oromo
Can you help me? na gargaarta?
Can I help you? si gargaaru?
Where is the airport? dirreen xiyyaaraa eessa?
Go straight fuuluma dura ke deemi
Then yeros
Turn left gara bitaa gori
Turn right gara mirgaa gori
Oromo Grammar
Welcome to the 8th lesson about Oromo grammar. We will first learn
about prepositions, negation, questions, adverbs, and pronouns including: personal, object
and possessive pronouns. We will start with prepositions. In general, they are used to link
words to other words. For example: I speak Oromo andEnglish the preposition is [and]
because it connects both words Oromo and English. The following is a list of the most used
prepositions in Oromo.
Prepositions Oromo
and fi
above gubbaa / gararraa
under jala / gajjallaa
before dura
after booddee / booda
in front of fullee isaa
behind dudduuba / dugda duuba
far from irraa siqee / iraa fagaatee
near bira
in keessa
inside keessa
outside ala
with wajjin
without malee
about waa'ee
between gidduu
but garuu
for f
from irraa, ittii
to itti

Preposition Grammar Rules

The following examples use prepositions in different ways and places to demonstrate how
they behave in a sentence.
 Prepositions + Rules Oromo
I eat without a knife
haaduu malee nyaadha 
[preposition + noun]
she lives near the church
mana kadhata bira jiraatti 
[verb + preposition]
he is taller than her
ojjaadhan isee caala 
[adjective + preposition]
he came with his small dog
saree sa xinno wajjin dhufe 
[preposition + pronoun]
can you come with me?
na wajjin dhufitta? 
[preposition + pronoun]

Negation in Oromo
Now let's learn how to make a negative sentence (negation). For example: Saying no, I
can't, I don't ... The following examples use negation in different ways and places to
demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
Negation + Rules Oromo
I understand you
dubbiin ke naa gala 
[affirmative form]
I don't understand you
dubbiin ke naan ngalle 
[negation + verb]
this is not the correct word
jechi kun sirritti hin-ibsu 
[negation + adjective]
don't leave me
na gattee hindeemin 
[imperative negation]
no problem
rakinni hinjiru 
[negation + noun]

Negative Sentences Oromo

I don't speak French
afaan faransaayi hinbeeu 
[negation + present tense]
she didn't visit Germany
biyya jarmanii dhaqxee hinbeektu 
[negation + past tense]
he cannot see us
inni nu argu hindanda'u 
[negative modal verb]
can't she play chess?
ishiin cheesi taphachu hinbeektu? 
[interrogative negation]
we will not come late
yeroo dabarsinee hindhufnu 
[negation + future tense]
Questions in Oromo
Now let's learn how to ask questions (interrogative). Such as: what, why, can you ...? Here
are some common examples:
English Oromo
how? attamitti?
what? maal?
who? eenyu?
why? maaliif?
where? eessa?

More of the interrogative form, now in a sentence:

Questions + Rules Oromo
where do you live?
eessa jiraatta? 
[interrogative + verb]
does she speak Chinese?
afaan chaayina beeka? 
[interrogative verb]
how much is this?
kun gatiin meeqa? 
[interrogative preposition]
can I help you?
maal si gargaaru? 
[interrogative modal verb]
what is your name?
maqaan ke eenyu? 
[interrogative preposition]

Adverbs in Oromo
It's time to learn the adverbs in Oromo. But what is an adverb? In general, adverbs modify
verbs and adjectives. For example: You speak fast. The adverb is [fast] because it describes
the verb and answers the question how do you speak?. Here is a list of the most common
ones:
Adverbs Oromo
now amma
yesterday kaleessa
today harr'a
tonight edana
tomorrow bor
soon dhiyootti
quickly dafee
slowly suuta
together walii wajjin
 Adverbs Oromo
very baayyee
almost xinnoo hanqata
always yeroo hunda
usually yeroo baayyee
sometimes gaaffii gaaf
rarely darbee darbee
never matuma

The following examples use the adverbs in different ways and places to demonstrate how it
behaves in a sentence.
Adverbs + Rules Oromo
do you understand me now?
amma sii galee? 
[pronoun + adverb]
I need help immediately
gargaarsi hatattamaan na barbaachisa 
[noun + adverb]
she is very intelligent
iseen gar malee abshaala 
[adverb + adjective]
I will always love you
yoomiyyuu siin jaaladha 
[verb + adverb]
can we learn German together?
walii wajjin afaan jarmanii baruu dandeenya? 
[adverb in a question]

Pronouns in Oromo
We're almost done! This time we will learn the pronouns in Oromo. In general, a pronoun can
be used instead of a noun. For example instead of saying my teacher speaks 3 languages, you
can use the pronoun he, and say he speaks 3 languages. Here is a list of the most common
ones:
Personal Pronouns Oromo
I ani
you ati
he inni
she isheen
we nuhi
they isaan

Object Pronouns Oromo

me ana / na
 Object Pronouns Oromo
you si
him isa
her ishee
us nuu
them isaan

Possessive Pronouns Oromo

my ko / kiyya / tiyya
your ke / te
his isaa
her ishee
our keenya / teenya
their isaanii

I think it's better to put the above example in a sentence to better assist you. The following
examples use pronouns in different ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a
sentence. We will start with the personal pronouns.
Personal Pronouns Oromo
I am your friend
ani jaala keeti 
[1st pronoun + verb]
you speak very fast
daddaftee dubbatta 
[2nd pronoun + adverb]
he has three dogs
inni saree sadii qaba 
[3rd pronoun + verb]
she can speak German
afaan jarmanii beekti 
[3rd pronoun + verb]
we will not come late
yeroo dabarsinee hindhufnu 
[1st plural pronoun]
they bought milk and bread
daabboo fi annan bitatan 
[3rd plural pronoun]

The object pronoun is used as a target by a verb, and usually come after that verb. For
example: I gave him my book. The object pronoun here is him. Here are more examples:
Object Pronouns Oromo
can you tell me your name?
maqaa ke natt himta? 
[1st object pronoun]
I will give you money qarshiin sii kenna 
 Object Pronouns Oromo
[2nd object pronoun]
she wrote him a letter
xalayaa areesiteef 
[3rd object pronoun]
they visited her yesterday
kaleessa dhaqanii isee dubbisani 
[3rd object pronoun]
can she help us?
nu gargaaru dandeessi? 
[1st pl. object pronoun]
he gave them food
nyaata jaraaf kenne 
[3rd pl. object pronoun]

Possessive Pronouns Oromo

my name is Maya
maqaan ko maayaadha 
[1st possessive pronoun]
your brother lives here
obboleessi ke as jiraata 
[2nd possessive pronoun]
her mother cooks for us
haati ishee nyaata nuu hojjetti 
[3rd possessive pronoun]
his hobby is reading books
kitaaboota dubbisu jaallata 
[3rd possessive pronoun]
our dream is to visit Paris
paarisiin daawwachun fedhii keenya 
[1st pl. possessive pronoun]
their house is not far
manni saani fagoo miti 
[3rd pl. possessive pronoun]
One more thing you need to know is the demonstrative pronouns. They're very easy to learn.
Demonstrative Pronouns Oromo
this is my house kun mana kooti
that restaurant is far manni nyaataa sun fagoodha
these apples are delicious apilooti kun nimi'aa'u
those stars are shiny urjooti sun baayye ifu
Oromo Phrases
Welcome to our seventh lesson about popular Oromo phrases. This page will
include greetings, questions, emergency and survival expressions, asking for
direction, language practice, introducing yourself, holiday wishes, and finally some travel
phrases.

Holiday Wishes Oromo

Happy birthday ayyaana dhalootaa gaarii

 Holiday Wishes Oromo

Happy new year ayyaana haaraa gaarii

Merry Christmas ayyaana dhalootaa kiristoos gaarii hata'u

Good luck carraa gaarii, (or milkaa'a)

Congratulations baga gamadan

Oromo
Travel Phrases
I have a reservation (hotel) iddoo qabadheera
Do you have rooms available? kutaan siree duwwaan jira?
I would like a non-smoking room kutaa dhowwaa sigaaraa qabu nfedha
What is the charge per night? halkan tokkoof gaiin meeqa?
Is this seat taken? teesumni kun qabameera?
I'm vegetarian foon nan lagadha
Waiter tajaajilaa / baashira
How much is this? kun gatiin meeqa?
This is very expensive gar malee mi'aadha
Oromo Numbers
Welcome to the sixth Oromo lesson about numbers. This time we will learn about cardinal
and ordinal numbers, followed by grammar rules, then animal names, finally a conversation
in Oromo to help you practice your daily phrases.
Cardinal Oromo Ordinal Oromo
one tokko first tokkoffaa
two lama second lammaffaa
three sadii third sadaffaa
four afur fourth arfaffaa
five shan fifth shanaffaa
six jaa'a sixth jaa'affaa
seven torba seventh torbaffaa
eight saddeet eighth saddeetaffaa
nine sagal ninth saglaffaa
ten kudhan tenth kurnaffaa
eleven kudhatokko eleventh kudhatokkoffaa
 Cardinal Oromo Ordinal Oromo
twelve kudhalama twelfth kudhalammaffaa
thirteen kudhasadii thirteenth kudhasadaffaa
fourteen kudhafur once al-tokko
fifteen kudhashan twice al-lama
sixteen kudhajaa'a Monday dafinoo / ojja duree
seventeen kudhatorba Tuesday facaasaa
eighteen kudhasaddeet Wednesday roobii
nineteen kudhasagal Thursday kamisa
twenty digdama Friday jimaata
seventy one torbaatami tokko Saturday sambata xinnaa / sambata duraa
one hundred dhibba tokko Sunday dilbata / sambata guddaa
Numbers Grammar Rules
Oromo cardinal numbers refer to the counting numbers, because they show quantity. For
example: I speak twolanguages. Ordinal numbers on the other hand tell the order of things
and their rank: my first language is Oromo. The examples below use numbers in different
ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
Grammar + Rules Oromo
I have three dogs
saree sadii nqaba 
[number + noun]
my daughter has two cats
intalli ko adurree lama qabdi 
[number + noun]
she speaks seven languages
afaan torba dubbatti 
[verb + number]
my brother has one son
obboleessi ko ilma tokko qaba 
[number + singular noun]
this is my second lesson
kun barnota ko lammaffaadha 
[ordinal number + noun]
did you read the third book?
kitaabicha saddaffaa dubbiftee? 
[ordinal number + noun]
We're not done yet! The following is a list of animals.

cow goat donkey horse

sa'a reettii harree farda

dog cat mouse bird
saree adurree antuuta simbira
Conversation in Oromo
Now we finally reach the last part, the practice of the daily conversations. These phrases are
used to get to know new people, and break the ice.
English Oromo
Where are you from? biyyi ke eessa?
I'm from the U.S biyyo ko usa
I'm American ani nama amaarikaaniti
Where do you live? essa jiraatta?
I live in the U.S biyya amaarikaani njiraadha
What do you do for a living? maal hojiin ke?
I'm a student ani barataadha
Oromo Gender
Welcome to the fifth Oromo lesson about gender. This time we will view a list of people,
feminine and masculine, followed by grammar rules, finally a list of expressions in Oromo to
help you practice your daily phrases.
man woman husband wife

dhira dubartii dhirsa niitii

boy girl father mother

gurbaa intala abbaa haadha

Gender Grammar Rules

In general, gender is used to distinguish between male and female, sometimes referred to
as masculine and feminine. For example: my son and daughter are students the noun [son] is
masculine, while [daughter] is feminine. The following examples use gender in different
ways and places to demonstrate their behavior.
Grammar + Rules Oromo
my son is a student
ilmi kiyya barataadha 
[masculine + noun]
her daughter is a student intalli se barattuudha 
 Grammar + Rules Oromo
[feminine + noun]
he has a tall brother
inni oboleessa dheera tokko qaba 
[adjective + masculine]
she has a tall sister
obboleetti dheertu tokko qabdi 
[adjective + feminine]
his brothers are young
obbolewwaan sa ijoolleedha 
[plural masculine + adjective]
his sisters are young
obbolettiwaan sa ijoolledha 
[plural feminine + adjective]
The list below will probably provide more clarification. These are family members (males
and females). I think it would be wise to memorize them as part of your important vocabulary
list.
son daughter brother sister

ilma intala obboleessa obboleettii

grandfather grandmother child children

akaakayyuu akkawoo mucaa mucoolii

Expressions in Oromo
Now it's time to practice expressions used in daily conversations. If you're a beginner in
learning Oromo, then the phrases below are something you would want to know.
English Oromo
What do you mean? maal jechuu keeti?
I don't understand naa ngalle
I don't know an hinbeeku
What is that called in Oromo? afaan oromootin maal jedhama?
What is this? kun maal inni?
What does that word mean in English? jechi kun afaan ingiliizitin maal jedhaa?
Sorry (if you made a mistake) dhiifama
Oromo Plural
Welcome to the fourth Oromo lesson about the plural. This time we will learn about
the singular form and what it looks like in the plural, followed by grammar rules, finally a list
of emergency phrases.
book books car cars

kitaaba kitaaboota makiinaa makiinoota

tree trees flower flowers

muka mekeelee daraaraa daraaraa

Plural Grammar Rules

The plural is the form which refers to more than one object or person. For example: I speak
two
languages the plural here is [languages] because it refers to more than one [language]. The
examples below use plurals in different ways and places to demonstrate how they look when
converted from their singular form.
Grammar + Rules Oromo
I speak one language
afaan tokko ndubbadha 
[singular form]
we speak three languages
afaanoota sadii dubbanna 
[plural noun]
he visits many countries
biyyoota baayyee daawwata 
[adverb + plural noun]
they are happy now
amma gammachuu qabu 
[plural pronoun]
she has five red shoes
qophee didiimaa shan qabdi 
[adjective + plural noun]
I want a sandwich without onions
saandwichii shunkurtaa hinqabne nfedha 
[preposition + plural noun]
The following is a list of examples showing both the singular and plural form. This
demonstrates how the plural is used with humans, objects and animals.
woman women man men

dubartii dubartoota dhiira dhiira

house houses cup cups
mana manneen kubbaayyaa kubbaayyaa
cow cows horse horses

sa'a saayyaan farda faradoo

Emergency Phrases
Now it's time to practice your Oromo by looking at these phrases which are related to
emergencies. Be prepared when traveling abroad, just in case you need help or by offering
help to someone else. I recommend writing these expressions down on a notebook before
traveling.

English Oromo
Help gargaarsa / qarqaarsa
Call the ambulance ambulaansii waamaa
I need a doctor hakiimiitu na barbaachisa
Where is the closest pharmacy? manni qoricha asitti dhi'aatu kami?
Are you okay? ati fayyuma?
I am sick na dhukkuba / nandhibama
Call the police poliisii waamaa
Oromo Nouns
Welcome to the third Oromo lesson about nouns. This time we will first learn about fruits
and vegetables, followed bygrammar rules, then food items, finally a conversation in
Oromo to help you practice your daily phrases.
potatoes tomatoes onions carrots

dinnichaa timaantima shunkurtaa kaarootii

fruits apples bananas oranges

muduraa miilloo muuzii burtukaanii

Nouns Grammar Rules
In general nouns refer to a person, an object, or abstract ideas. For example: a fast runner the
noun is [runner] because it refers to a person. The examples below use nouns in different
ways and places to demonstrate how they behave in a sentence.
Grammar + Rules Oromo
do you have milk?
annan qabda? 
[verb + noun]
I have milk and coffee
annani fi buna nqaba 
[preposition + noun]
he has three apples
inni apili sadii qaba 
[number + plural noun]
she only has one apple
apili tokkitti qabdi 
[number + singular noun]
we live in a small house
mana xinnoo tokko keessa jiraanna 
[adjective + noun]
I like our breakfast
cireen keenya natti tola 
[pronoun + noun]
The following are nouns of food items that you might be interested in learning and
memorizing.
bread milk butter cheese

daabboo annan dadhaa ayibii

coffee sandwich meat chicken

buna saandwiichii foon indaanqoo

fish breakfast lunch dinner

qurxummii ciree dhiyaana irbaata

Conversation in Oromo
Now we finally reach the fun part, the practice of the daily conversations. These phrases are
used to get to know new people, and break the ice.
English Oromo
Do you speak (English/ Oromo)? afaan (ingiliizi/oromoo) beekta?
Just a little xinnoo se
 English Oromo
I like Oromo oromoo nan jaaladha
Can I practice with you? si wajjin qayyabadhuu?
How old are you? umuriin ke waggaa meeqa?
I'm thirty three years old ani waggaa soddomi sadii
It was nice talking to you wajjin haasa'un kenya na gammachiseera
Oromo Adjectives
 This time we will first learn about colors, followed by grammar rules, then weather
expressions, finally a conversation in Oromo to help you practice your daily phrases.
black grey white blue

gurraacha daalacha adii baluu

green yellow red brown

magariisa   diimaa bifa bunaa

Adjectives Grammar Rules
In general adjectives are words which describe or modify another person or object in a given
sentence. For
example: a beautiful flower the adjective is [beautiful] because it describes the noun [flower].
The following examples use adjectives in different ways and places to demonstrate how they
behave in a sentence.
Grammar Rules Oromo
my house is white
manni ko adiidha 
[noun + adjective]
your country is big
biyyi keessan guddaadha 
[noun + adjective]
new books are expensive
kitaaboonni haara'on mi'aada 
[plural + adjective]
we are happy here
asitti gammachu qabna 
[pronoun + verb + adjective]
she has three small dogs
saroota xixinno sadii qabdi 
[adjective + plural]
this language is very easy
afaan kun baayyee saphaadha 
[adverb + adjective]
I have a small green house
mana xinnoo bifa maqariisaa nqaba 
[adjective + adjective]
We're not done yet! The following is a list of more adjectives for you, often used when
referring to weather conditions. I think it would be wise to memorize them.
cold hot cloudy rainy

dhaamocha gubaa dumeesa'aa roobuu

snowy sunny windy warm

  aduu qaba nibubbisa hoo'aa

Conversation in Oromo
Now we finally reach the most exciting part, the practice of the daily expressions used in
almost every conversation. I recommend memorizing these phrases, because you will need
them for sure.

English Oromo
hi naqaa?
how are you? isin attam?
I'm good, thank you fayyaadha, ulfaadhu
and you? ati ho?
what is your name? maqaan ke eenyu
my name is Maya maqaan kiyya maayaadha
nice to meet you si argun naaf gammachudha
Afaan Oromo - House, School, Feelings and Food
House
English Oromo
house mana
table limmata
chair barcuma
oven eelee
refrigerator qaabaneeysituu
television televijina
couch, sofa siree
bed siree
lamp faanusa
door balbala
roof mana gubbaa
carpet afata
telephone silkee, telefoona
microwave maaykirooweev
bedroom mana hirriibaa
living room mana saaloonaa
dining room mana nyaataa
kitchen alawaadaa
School
English Oromo
school mana barumsaa
pencil irsaasa
pen dibeeta
paper xalayaa
book barroo
notebook daftara yaadannoo
teacher barsiisaa, beekaa
student bartuu, bartaa
desk barcuma
Feelings
English Oromo
feelings hawwii
be happy gammaduu
be sad gadduu
be angry aaruu
be tired dhadhabuu
be hungry beelayuu
be thirsty dheebotuu
be sick dhukkubsachuu
Food
English Oromo
food midhaan
bread daabboo
milk elmuu
water bishaan
mango maango
cabbage raafuu
lettuce salaxaa
carrot kaaroota
orange burtukaana
apple habuukaa
rice ruuza
chicken lukkuu
beef foon horii
fish qurxummii qabuu
onion shunkurtaa
lemon xuuxxoo
pasta baastaa
Afaan Oromo - Clothing, Transportation and Places
Clothing
English Oromo
clothing uffata
shirt shamiiza
pants kofoo, butaantaa
skirt kurtaa
dress waalluu
shoe kophee
man’s jacket jaakkeeta
woman’s jacket xubbuqqoo
coat koota
necklace callee mormaa
ring hamartii
earring waan gurraa
Transportation
English Oromo
bus atobuusa
car makiinaa
taxi taaksii
truck makiinaa fe’inaa
airplane roophilaa
train baabura
boat doonii
Places
English Oromo
Oromia biya Oromoo
Ethiopia Itiyoophiyaa
Somalia biyya Soomaalii
United States Yunaaytad Isteets
Afaan Oromo - Animals, Plants and Body Parts
Animals
English Oromo
buffalo gafarsa
camel gaala
cheetah qeerreensa
chimpanzee jaaldeessa
elephant arbaa
giraffe qaccine
lion leenca
rhino karkaarro
tiger qeereensa
turtle qocaa
zebra harreddiidoo
bird shimbiirroo
duck dakiiyyee
eagle haarraageessaa
feather baallii
ostrich guuchii
owl uruungguu
pelican aallaattii
pigeon waannee
cow sa'aa
cat bashoo
chicken luquu
dog saree
donkey harree
goat re'ee
horse faarda
sheep hoolaa
pig booyee
rooster kormaa
calf jaabi
ant tuchee
bee kaanniissa
grasshopper korophiissa
butterfly biillaacha
Plants
English Oromo
plant muka
tree muka, biqiltuu
flower ilillii baasuu, daraaruu
vine muka akka hiddaa, haraga
grass citaa, marga
leaf baala, koola
root hundee, hidda
stem muka
Body Parts
English Oromo
lower arm harka, dhumdhuma
upper arm irree
hand dabarsuu, keenuu
leg miila, luka
foot miila, luka
face fuula, faara
stomach garaa, mar’imaan
head mataa
hair dabbassa, rifeensa
eye ija, agartuu
nose suufuu, arkuu
ear gurra
tongue arraba
teeth ilkeelee
Afan oromo - Family, Numbers and Math
Family
English Oromo
mother haadha
father aabba
sister obboleeytii
brother obboleessa
uncle (father's
adeera
brother)
uncle (mother's
eessuma
brother)
aunt (father's sister) adaadaa
aunt (mother's sister) haboo
grandmother akkoo, akkawoo
grandfather akaakoo, abaa gudaa
niece dubrii, abuya
nephew ilma obboleeysa,ilma oboleytii, abuya
dubrii, ilmaan, wasillanii, ilma adeeraa, ilma eeysumaa, ilma haboo,
cousin
ilma adaadaa
brother-in-law wassoo, wasiila
sister-in-law dumaashii, sayyuu
mother-in-law jaartii soddaa
father-in-law jaarsa soddaa
stepmother aayyadaa
stepfather abbadaa
stepchild ilmoo niitii yoking jaarsa ifii

Math
This page will teach you math vocabulary in Oromo and English.
English Oromo
mathematics herreega
addition ida’a
subtraction ir’isa
multiplication heddommeeysa
division qoodama
five shan
fraction caccaba
arithmetic hisaaba
geometry joomeetrii
algebra aljeebraa
calculus kaalkulas
Afaan oromo - Greeting, Colors and weather
Greetings
English Oromo
Good morning Akkam bultee?
Good afternoon Akkam oolte?
Good night Nagayattii buli!
Goodbye! Nagayattii!
Thank you! Galatoomi!
You're welcome Fayyaa dayi!

Colors
English Oromo
red diimaa
green coqorsa
yellow boora
purple bildimaa
brown magaala
black qoraasuu
white adii

Weather
English Oromo
weather qilleensa
cloud duumeessa, golgola
cloudy golgolaawaa
rain robuu, bokkaan bu’uu
rainy robaa, bokkaa’aa, lafti rooba
rainbow sabbata gaaloo, sabbata waaqayyoo
sun aduu, biiftuu
sunny adooleessa
snow hancabbii, cabbii, rooba itite
hail jirkaa
fog hurree, qayyota
foggy ka huree qofaa
cold dhaammoochuu
hot owwaa, ow’aa
dry goggogaa, caamaa
wet jituu, dabana

Afaan Oromo - Chapter 11: Comparatives and Superlatives

Sports Conversation (haasaa waa'ee ispoortii)

 Play all
Guutaa:  Kubbaa kaachoo moo kubbaa miillaa ilaaluu caalaa siif wayya?   play
Boonaa: Kubbaa miillaa caalaa kubbaa kaachoo nan jaaladha. Kam sii wayya?   play
Guutaa:  Anis kubbaa miillaa caalaan jaaladha. Cheelsii moo Maanchister caalaa
jaalatta?   play
Boonaa: Ani akka Maanchister Cheelsii irra caalaa taphaatun yaada. Ati maal yaadda?   
play
Guutaa:  Akka yaada kootti Cheelsiin akkuma Maanchister gaarii dha. Lamaanuun
jaaladha.   play
Boonaa: Haa ta'u malee, Bilaakbarn hunda irra dansaa fakkaata.   play
Guutaa:  Ati ni qoosta.   play
Boonaa: Eeyyee dhugaadhaa. Bilaakbarn baay'ee gadhee dha.   play

Comparatives
There is no direct translation of the the English -er in Oromo. Most often, when
distinguishing between two objects, as in “the longer one”, the Oromo phrase would simply
be “the long one” (“isa dheera”) or “the very long one” (“isa baay'ee dheera”). Baay'ee, in
addition to meaning “very”, can also convey the sense of “more” when used with an
adjective.
The adjective caalaa can be used to mean “better” or “more”, though most often it functions
as an adverb and comes immediately before the verb, as in “Isheen caalaa bareeddi” (“She is
more beautiful”). Caalaa comes from the verbcaaluu meaning “to be better”. “Inni caala” thus
means “it's better”. Some dialects may use daran instead of caalaa as a comparative
adjective/adverb.
The preposition irra, meaning “on”, can signify a comparison in a way that more literally
means “relative to”. For example, “Inni ishee irra gabaabaa dha” means “He is shorter than
she” [lit. “He, relative to her, is short”]. In many cases, caalaacan be added to irra for optional
emphasis, as in “Finfinneen Maqalee irra (caalaa) bareeddi?” (“Is Finfinnee more beautiful
than Mekele?”). Note that cities are treated as feminine.
For “worse”, gadhee (“bad”) is most often used, as in “sun kanarra gadhee dha” (“that is
worse than this”).
For equating two things, as in “as good as” or “as <any adj.> as”, akkuma can be used.
“Chelsii akkuma Manchester gaarii dha” thus means “Chelsea is as good as
Manchester”. Akka can also be used to mean “like” or “similar to”, as in “Chaaltuun akka
Hawwiittuu barattuu dha” (“Chaltu is a student like Hawitu”). Additionally, hanga (haga in
some dialects) means “as much as”, as in “Bilisaan hanga Argaayaa beeka” (“Bilisa knows as
much as Argaya”).
More examples:
“Finfinneen jireenyaf Adaamaa caalti.” — “Finfinnee is better for living than Adama.”
“Eenyutu irra (caalaa) bareeda?” — “Who is more beautiful?”
“Eenyutu irra (caalaa) cimaa dha?” — “Who is more intelligent?”
“Shamiziin kun sanarra mi'aa dha.” — “This shirt is more expensive than that one.”
“Inni nu caalaa sirritti dubbisa.” — “He can read better than we can.”
“Isheen akkuma isaa sirritti haasoofti.” — “She speaks as fluently as he.”

Note that akka and akkuma come between the nouns being compared. When two things being
compared are both objects (e.g., “He likes this more than that”), irra comes after the first
object. When one item is the subject and the other an object (e.g., “This is better than
that”), irra comes after object (second item being compared). Caalaa can come between or
after the nouns.
Examples:
Manni kee koorra guddaa dha. — “Your house is bigger than mine.”
Itto handaaqqoo caalaa kochee nyachuun jaaladha.
or Itto handaaqqoorra kochee caalaa nyachuun jaaladha.
or Itto handaaqqoorra kochee nyachuu caalaan jaaladha. — “I like to eat doro watt more than
kitfo”

The descriptors “older” and “younger” are somewhat special cases. Hangafuu is a verb
meaning “to be older”, whilequxusuu is an adjective meaing “younger”. They are used as in
the examples below:
“My sister is two years older than me.” — “obboleettiin koo waggaa lama na hangafti.”
“My sister is two years younger than me.” — “obboleettiin koo waggaa lama quxusuu kooti.”
To speak of things being the same, one may use tokkuma (“same”), gosa tokkicha (“the same
kind”), or wal fakkaataa(“similar”). Something that is different is adda, and things that are
different from each other are adda-adda.
Examples:
“these two things are the same” — waantoota lama kunniin tokkuma
“these two things are similar” — waantoota lama kunniin wal fakkaataa
“these two things are different” — waantoota lama kunniin adda-adda
“this one is different” — inni kun adda

The adverbs ol(i) (“up, above”) and gad(i) (“down, below”) may be used to compare things
as “higher” or “lower”, as in:
“he is shorter than 1.8 meters.” — “Inni meetira 1.8 (tokko tuqaa saddeet) gadi dha.”
“he is taller than 1.8 meters.” — “Inni meetira 1.8 oli dha.”

Preferences
The verbs barbaaduu (“to want”), jaalachuu (“to like, love”), and filachuu (“to choose [for
oneself]”) have been covered in previous chapters. These are often used in expressing
preferences. The verb wayyuu (“to be better than, preferable”) is also common, though it is
typically only used in the 3rd person with an indirect object. Thus, to say “it is better” is “inni
caala”, but “it is better for me” is “inni naa(f) wayya”. Caalaa can also be used
with barbaaduu, jaalachuu, and wayya to indicate preference of one thing over another.
Examples:
“Maal filatta?” — “What do you choose?”
“___ naa wayya” — “I prefer ___”
“___ moo ___ caalaa siif wayya?” — “Is ___ or ___ preferable for you?”
“___ caalaa ___ nan jaaladha” — “I'd rather ___ than ___”
“___ caalaan jaaladha” — “I like ___ better”

Superlatives
To say “it is the best ___” or “it is the most ___”, the Oromo phrase would directly translate
as “out of everything, it is ___”. The most common words in Oromo for “all”
are hunda and cufa. Showing superlatives in Oromo is, therefore, a simple comparison
between one thing and everything else.
Examples:
“hunda irra/hundumarra caala” — “it is the best” [lit. “it is better than everything”]
“Inni hunda irra caalaa cimaa dha” — “He is the smartest of everyone”
“itto handaaqqoo nyaata hundumaarra caalaan jaaladha” — “My favorite food is doro watt”
Vocabulary: Opinions

gaarii, dansaa good, well, fine

kuphaa kaachoo basketball

 kuphaa miillaa foot ball

ilaaluu to watch, see

yaaduu to think

maal yaadda? what do you think?

waa'ee ___ maal yaadda what do you think about ___?

waa'ee ___ yaada maali “what is you opinion on ___?

qabda?

akka yaada kootti … in my opinion …

yoo na gaafatta ta'e... if you ask me...

ani siin wali galeera I agree with you.

___ akkamitti gammadde? how did you enjoy ___?

akkan amanutti … I believe …

fakkaachuu to seem, to appear to be

… natti fakkaataa It seems to me that …

Afaan Oromo - Chapter 10: Prepositions and Conjunctions

Giving Directions (Karaa Agarsiisuu)
[Adapted from Geetaachoo (2011), pg. 52-53]   Play all
Meetii: Akkami Kadir?   play
Kadir:  Fayyaa dha. Akkam jirta?   play
Meetii: Homaa hin jedhu. Bor waaree booda hojii qabda?   play
Kadir:  Lakki, maaliif?   play
Meetii: Gaarii dha. Laaqana mana kootti si affeeruun barbaade.   play
Kadir:  Dhufuuf baay'een gammada, garuu iddoo mana kee isa haaraa hin beeku.   play
Meetii: Buufata konkolaataa kan cinaa mana bilbilaatti beekta?   play
Kadir:  Eeyyee, nan beeka.   play
Meetii: Taaksii Lagahaaritti qabadhu fi bakka buufata konkolaalaatti bu'i.   play
Kadir:  Tole.   play
Meetii: Sana booda, gara mirga gori hanga qaxxaamura karaa geessutti karumarra
deemi.   play
Kadir:  Naaf gale.   play
Meetii: Gara fuuldura qaxxaamura karaatti hanga daqiiqaa shaniif deemi. Messalemiyaan
karaa mirgaa jira.   play
Kadir:  Gara mirgaa jette?   play
Meetii: Eeyyee. Sirrii dha. Achitti sa'aatii kudha tokko fi walakkaatti wal agarra.   play
Kadir:  Tole. Kun gaarii dha. Wal agarra. Nagaatti.   play
Meetii: Nagaatti.   play

Prepositions and Postpositions

A preposition links a noun to an action (e.g., “go from there”) or to another noun (“the
pen on the table”). For the purpose of clarity, this chapter will divide Oromo prepositions into
two categories: true prepositions and postpositions, with true prepositions coming before the
noun and postpositions coming after the noun they relate to.
Some Common Prepositions and Postpositions:
Postpositions Prepositions
ala — out, outside gara — towards
bira — beside, with, around eega, erga — since, from, after
booda — after haga, hanga — until
cinaa — beside, near, next to     hamma — up to, as much as
dur, dura — before akka — like, as
duuba — behind, back of waa'ee — about, in regard to
irra — on
irraa — from
itti — to, at, in
jala — under, beneath
jidduu — middle, between
keessa — in, inside
malee — without, except
wajjin — with, together
gubbaa — on, above
fuuldura — in front of
gad(i) — down, below
ol(i) — up, above

Examples:
boqonnaarra [boqonnaa irra] – “on vacation”
mana keessa – “in the house”
waaree booda – “afternoon”
irra deebi'i – “repeat” [lit. “return on it”]
Yuunivarsitii Haroomayaatti barsiissaa – “teacher at Haromaya University”
mana nyaataa kanatti – “at this restaurant”
“waa'ee fiilmii sun natti himi” – “tell me about that film”
“Chaaltuun akka Hawwiituu baratuu dha.” – “Chaltu is a student like Hawitu.”
hanga torban dhufu – “until next week”
gammachuu wajjin – “with pleasure”
shaayee annan malee – “tea without milk”
“Ani meetirii lama gadi.” – “I am below [shorter than] 2 meters.”
“Keeniyaan Itoophiyaarraa (gara) kibbatti argamti” – “Kenya is located (to the) south of
Ethiopia”

From the examples above, you may notice that the postpositions itti, irra, and irraa most often
occur as suffixes, -tti, -rra, and -rraa, on the nouns they relate to.
Often with place names, no preposition or postposition is used to be mean “in”. Therefore,
one can say “Finfinnee jiratta” for “you live in Finfinnee [Addis Ababa]”, or “hospitaalan
ture” for “I was in the hospital”, using no preposition.
Personal pronouns are not used with prepositions. Instead, possessive pronouns are used as
personal pronouns.
Examples:
“toward me” — gara koo(tti) [not gara na]
“like us” — akka keenya
“according to him” — akka isaatti
“about you” — waa'ee kee
Postpositions, on the other hand, take the accusative form of personal pronouns.
Examples:
“at you” — sitti
“from me” — narraa
“under him” — isa jala
When an adjective modifies a noun, the postposition follows the adjective, as in “nama
guddarraa” (“from the big man”).
Conjunctions
Whereas prepositions link nouns to other parts of the sentence, conjunctions usually link
more complete thoughts together.
Some Common Conjunctions:
and fi [also -f suffix]
but garuu, immoo
or yookin (for declaratives), moo (for questions)
however haa ta'u malee
though ta'us
so, therefore kanaaf, kanaafu
because sababiin isaa, sababiinsa [lit. “its reason”]
so that, in order to     akka
Conjunctions come between the two clauses they connect, though garuu and immoo (“but”)
can also come after the first noun or nounal phrase in the second clause.
Examples:
“Inni shee jaalata ta'us amanamaa miti.” – “Though he loves her, he is unfaithful.”
“Daadhii moo biiraa dhuguu barbaadda?” – “Do you want tej [alcoholic honey drink] or
beer?”
“Ani kochee nyaadhe kanaafu gara kasan qaba.” – “I ate kitfo [raw meat] so I got diarrhea.”
“Nyaatan barbaada sababiinsa nan beela'e.” – “I want food because I am hungry.”
“Ani nan deema akka inni dhufuuf.” – “I will go so that he will come.”
“Ittoo shiroon jaaladha garuu ittoo misira caalaa jaaladha.” or “Ittoo shiroon jaaladha ittoo
misira garuu caalaa jaaladha.” – “I like shiro watt, but I like lentil watt more.”
“Innis gara biyya isaa dhufe, sabni isaa garuu isa hin simanne.” – “And he came to his
country, but his people did not accept him [John 1:11].”
Vocabulary: Directions

kaaba north

kibba south

baha east

lixa west

mirga right
bitaa left

goruu to turn

gara bitaatti/mirgatti turn left/right

gori

karaa kami? which way

bitaa/mirgaa jira it's on the left/right

argachuu to find

argamuu to be found

eessatti argama? where is it found?

kuunnoo there it is

ce'uu to cross

riqqicha ce'i cross the bridge

laga river

bira, cinaa, dhiyoo near

fagoo far

aanuu to be next to

naannoo surroundings
as(i) here

achi there

karaa road, path, way

karaa muummee main road

addababa'ii round-about

walakkaa magaalaatti town center, downtown

ammas again

ibsaa tiraafikii traffic light

qabachuu to take (a bus or taxi)

seenuu to get on (a vehicle)

bu'uu to get off (a vehicle)

“Iddon jira?” “Is there a seat?”

ka'uu to depart

ga'uu [-eess- verb] to arrive

affeeruu to invite

buufata konkolaataa bus station

mana bilbilaa telephone office

 bakka place, area, site

qaxxaamura karaa cross-roads, intersection

geessutti karumarra along the road

gara fuuldura straight

Afaan Oromo - Chapter 9: Jussive

Narrative
Better Health Begins with You!(Fayyaan gaariin si irraa jalqaba!)
 Play all
1.  play Guyyuma guyyaatti daabboo waan dhadhaa hedddu hin qabne; akayi, ruzza
yookin paasta dhiheessaa jaha hanga kudha tokko nyaadhu. Fakkeenyaaf, ganama
matajaboo, guyya sandwich galgala immoo ruzza duwwa nyaadhu.
2.  play Ija mukkatti fi kuduraa dhiheessaa shan nyaadhu. Fakkenyaaf, cuunfaa
birtukaanii dhugi, salaaxaa nyaadhu, galgala immoo dinnichaa affeelama fi ija
wayinii nyaadhu.
3.  play Guyyaatti yoo xinnaate bishaan burcuqqo saddeet dhuuggi.
4.  play Foon diimaa kan baay'ee cooma hin qabne isaa akaa hanqaaqoo yookiin
qurxummii nyaadhu.
5.  play Waan sa'a kan dhadhaa yartuu qabu kan akka aanaan raafamaa fi itittuu
filadhu.
6.  play Nyaata waan mi'aawaa fi dhugaatii alkoolii hin baay'isiin.
7.  play Guyyaa hunda sosocho'a godhi. Dirree keessa adeemi, yookiin sirba bu'i,
taphadhu.
8.  play Nyaata kolestrol hin qabne fi, zayitii waan sa'a fi kan cooma horii irra
hojjatamu mana zayitii kuduraa filadhu.
The Imperative
The 2nd person jussive, better known as the imperative, is used for issuing commands. In
Oromo, there are two forms for the imperative, the singular (ati) and the plural/polite (isin).
For all verbs except -chuu verbs, the pattern for forming imperatives is as follows:
 Formation of Imperatives
Affirmative Negative
suffix prefix suffix
ati -i hin -in
isin -a hin -ina
For -chuu verbs, where the verb stem is the infinitive minus the -chuu ending, the imperatives
are formed as follows:

Imperatives for -chuu verbs

Affirmative Negative
suffix prefix suffix
ati -dhu hin -tin
isin -dha hin -tina

Examples:
English Ati Isin
sit taa'i taa'a
don't sit hin taa'in hin taa'ina
eat nyaadhu nyaadha
don't eat hin nyaatin hin nyaatina
go deemi deema
don't go hin deemin     hin deemina
give kenni kenna
don't give hin kennin hin kennina

Exceptions
The main exception is “come” (“to come” – dhufuu) which
is koottu, kootta (not dhufi, dhufa) in the affirmative. The negative imperative (“don't come”)
follows the standard pattern, hin dhufin, hin dhufina. The imperative “go” can also
bebeenu, beena in addition to the regular forms deemi, deema.

“Please”
The standard word for “please” is maaloo, though in conversation this is used mostly for
making requests and as a response, as in “yes, please”. Adaraa (“in the name of”) is also
sometimes used as “please” in this context. For imperatives and other jussive forms, mee is
most commonly used.
Examples:
“Koottu mee” — “come here, please”
“Mee waa'ee obbolaawwan kee natti himi” — “Please tell me about your brothers”
“Mee nama sun gaafadhu” — “Please ask that person”
“Mee suuta dubbadhu” — “Please speak slowly/slower”
“Mee irra naa deebi'i” — “Please repeat for me”
“Mee guddisii dubbadhu” — “Please speak loudly/louder”
More Indirect Objects: The Dative
The dative case is used to indicated recipients and benefactors, where in English we would
use “to” or “for”. The dative may be formed by one of the following methods:

1. For nouns that end in a short vowel (in their dictionary form), the vowel will be
lengthened and, optionally, an -f suffix added. “Give it to the boy” can thus be
expressed as “isa ilmaa kenni” or “isa ilmaaf kenni”.
2. For nouns ending in a long vowel, either -f or -dhaa(f) suffixes may be attached. “It's
good for eating” can be expressed as “nyaachuuf gaarii dha”, “nyaachuudhaa gaarii
dha”, or “nyaachuudhaaf gaarii dha”
3. For nouns ending in a consonant, the suffix -iif will be attached. For example, “give it
to Jim” would be “isa Jimiif kenni”.
The dative forms for the personal pronouns are given below.

Subject Pronouns         Dative Pronouns

I ani to/for me naa, naaf
we nuti to/for us nuu, nuuf
you ati to/for you sii, siif
you (pl.) isin to/for you (pl.)     isinii, isiniif
he, it inni to/for him, it isaa, isaaf
she isheen to/for her ishee, isheef
they isaan to/for them isaanii, isaaniif

The locative -tti suffix can sometimes be used in a dative-like manner. For instance, “tell
him” would be “isatti jedhi” [lit. “say at him”] rather than “isaaf jedhi” [lit. “say for him”].
Double Imperatives
Where English would use an adverb to modify an imperative, Oromo most often uses two
imperatives in a row, with the first modifying the second. The first imperative is given a long
final vowel.
Examples:
“Speak loadly/loader” — “Guddisii dubbadhu” (sg.) or “Guddisaa dubbadha” (plu./pol.)
“Run faster” — “Baay'isii fiigi” (sg.) or “Baay'isaa fiiga” (plu./pol.)
“Work harder” — “Cimsii hojjadhu” (sg.) or “Cimsaa hojjadha” (plu./pol.)
The adverbal imperatives are almost always causatives (discussed in Chapter
16). Guddisuu is “to make big”, baay'isuu is “to make many/much”, and cimsuu is “to make
strong”.
To express a sequence of commands, imperatives are simply put together. For example, “go
(and) eat” is deemi nyaadhu(no elongation of the final vowel on the first imperative).
The Jussive Forms
The 1st and 3rd person jussive forms express suggestions, translated roughly as the English
“let”. The jussive forms would thus be “let me”, “let us”, “let him”, etc. The jussive forms
use the preverb haa and attach a suffix to the verb stem.

Formation of the Jussive

Prefix     Suffix Suffix (for -chuu verbs)
ani haa -u -dhu
nuti haa -nu -nnu
inni haa -u -tu
isheen     haa -tu -ttu
isaan haa -anu/ani/an     -tanu/tani/tan

Examples:
haa ta'u — okay [lit. “let it be”]
haa nyaannu — “let's eat”
inni haa deemu — “let him go”
si haa gargaaru — “Let me help you”
For irregular verbs, the verb stem changes just as it does in the present and past tenses. The
example of taa'uu (“to sit”) is given below.
Oromo English
ani haa taa'u let me sit
inni haa taa'u let him sit
(nuti) haa teenyu let us sit
(isheen) haa teessu     let her sit
(isaan) haa taa'anu let them sit
Note that only the regular stem is used in imperatives, even for irregular verbs (e.g., the
imperative “sit” is taa'i/taa'a, notteessi/teessa which mean “she sits”/“you sit” as declaratives).
The 1st person jussive, while understood, is not common, especially in the singular. It is more
common to use the present-future tense, as in “ofi koon of barsiisa” (“I will introduce
myself”) rather than “ofi koon haa of barsiisu” (“let me introduce myself”), or “achitti wal
agarra” (“we will meet there”) rather than “achitti wal haa agarru” (“let's meet there”).
In a question, the jussive works like the English “shall”, as in “haa deemnu?” for “shall we
go?”.
Other Forms of Requests
Other than using imperative or jussive forms, it is often polite to use the infinitive
with danda'uu (“to be able, possible”). Forms using the subordinate tense and if-then clauses
(“could you…”, “would you…”, “I would appreciate it if…”) are discussed in Chapter 17.
Examples:
“Can you lend it to me, please” — “Isa naa ergisuu dandeessa, maaloo?”
“Can you (pl.) please help me?” — “Maaloo, naa gargaaruu dandeessu?”
“Can I open a window?” — “Foddaa banuu danda'a?”

Responding to Commands and Suggestions

The receiver of a command or suggestion has a variety of ways to accept or refuse.
Some Common Responses
Okay tole, haa ta'u
Sure sirritti, dhuguma
Of course dhugaadhuma
All right, fine bayeessa
Sorry dhiifama, nan gadda
Sorry, I can't     dhiifama hin danda'u
It's possible danda'ama
It's not possible hin danda'amu
I don't have time yeroo hin qabu
“I can't, I have to go” “Hin danda'u, deemuun qaba”
“Another time. Now I must go”     “Yeroo biraa. Amma deemuutu narra jira.”
“No, I need to go” “Lakki, deemuun barbaada”
Expressing Needs
The last three examples above show excuses by expressing needs. There are a number of
ways of doing this. The four main ways are:
Method 1: <infinative> + <present tense qabuu>, as in “xumuruu qabti” for “she has to
finish”.
Method 2: <infinative> + <present tense barbaaduu>, as in “nyaachuu barbaanna” for “we
need to eat” (also means “we want to eat”)
Method 3: <acc. pers. pronoun> + barbaachisa, as in “birciqqoo isa barbaachisa”, which
literally means “a glass is necessary for him”. For plural needs, barbaachisu is used to mean
“are needed/necessary”, as in “birciqqooleen isaani barbaachisu” (“glasses are necessary for
them”).
Method 4: <infinative>+tu + <acc. pers. pronoun>+rra + jira. This construction works like
the English “must” or “should”, as is “barachuutu sirra jira” for “you should/must learn” [lit.
“it's on you to learn”].
Chpater Vocabulary

jedhi/jedha bye (informal) [lit. “speak”]

of eeggadhu/eeggadha be careful

daabboo bread

dhadhaa butter

waan dhadhaa hedddu hin qabne low-fat

akayi cereal

ruzza rice

dhiheessaa serving

fakkeenyaaf “for example”

matajaboo oatmeal

duwwaa blank, empty, plain

ija mukka, fuduraa fruit

kuduraa vegetable

cuunfaa juice
birtukaanii Orange (color and fruit)

dhuguu to drink

dhugaatii drink, beverage

salaaxaa salad

dinnichaa potato

affeelama boiled

ija wayinii grape

yoo xinnaate “at least”

burcuqqo glass, cup

foon meat

cooma fat

isaa akaa “such as”

hanqaaqoo chicken

qurxummii fish
sa'a cow

yartuu few, small amount

aanaan milk

aanaan raafamaa skim milk

itittuu yogurt

filachuu to choose

mi'aawaa sweet

baay'isuu to make many

socho'uu moving, active

godhuu to do

dirree field

adeemuu to walk

sirba bu'uu to dance

taphachuu to play

zayitii oil
 animal fat
cooma horii