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Evaluation Creating
Synthesis Evaluating
Analysis Analyzing
Application Applying
Comprehension Understanding
Knowledge Remembering
Figure 1 Figure 2
Bloom’s Taxonomy 1956 Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy 2001
Potential activities,
Verbs Level of Thinking
products or outcomes
change combine — algorithm
compare compose — framework
construct create — haiku
design devise Creating — multimedia presentation
formulate generate Creating — game
hypothesize imagine something new — poem
improve invent — story
plan predict — theorem
propose — treatment
argue appraise — critique
assess check — judgment
debate decide — opinion
defend determine Evaluating — recommendation
dispute editorialize — report
Defending a
judge justify — self-evaluation
concept or idea
prioritize rate
recommend select
support verify
Table 2
Verbs and Products/Outcomes Based on
the Six Levels Bloom’s Revised Taxonomy
Adapted from Good Questions are the Key to Good Research by Dalton (1986)
Potential activities,
Verbs Sample question / statement stems
products or outcomes
Creating
change combine — Design a… to…? — Invent a machine to
compare — How would you improve…? do a specific task
compose — Formulate a theory for…? — Design a computer lab
construct create — Predict the outcome of…? for your program
design — How would you test…? — Create a new product
devise formulate — How would you estimate the results for…? and plan a marketing
generate — If you had access to all resources how would campaign
hypothesize you deal with…? — Design a cover for
imagine improve — What would happen if…? a DVD
invent — How many ways can you…? — Sell a product
plan — Develop a new proposal which would… — Write a musical
predict propose — Create new and unusual uses for… score for …
— Construct a new model that would change… — Write about your
feelings in relation to…
Evaluating
argue — What is your opinion of…? — Prepare a brief
appraise assess — How would you prove or disprove...? — Form a panel to discuss
check — Would it be better if…? views
debate decide — What would you recommend…? — Write a letter to…
defend determine — How would you rate the…? expressing your views on
dispute — What would you cite to defend the actions…? …
editorialize judge — How could you determine…? — Write an end of the year
justify prioritize — How would you prioritize…? report
rate recommend — Based on what you know, how would you — Write a job aid for…
select explain…? — Explain and justify a
support — What data were used to make the conclusion? proposal
verify — How would you compare the ideas …? — Select the most useful
— How would you compare the people? products for…
How would you justify...?
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY
Analyzing
advertise — What are the parts of features of …? — Gather data and analyze
analyze appraise — How is ___ related to …? them according to …
attribute — What is the theme …? — Troubleshoot problems
categorize — List the parts …? with lab equipment
compare contrast — What inferences can you make …? — Design a survey
differentiate — How would you classify …? — Write a story about an
distinguish — How would you categorize …? interviewee
examine identify — What evidence can you find …? — Arrange a conference and
infer investigate — What is the relationship between …? all necessary steps
organize outline — What is the function of …? — Make an organizational
separate sequence — What motive is there …? chart of your unit or
test — Identify the different parts …? department
— Write a ad campaign for
your organization
— Construct a flow chart
which illustrates a system
Applying
classify construct — How would you use…? — Make a model of an
complete — What examples can you find to…? activity
demonstrate — How would you solve ___ using what — Paint a wall poster to
dramatize you’ve learned? advertise a special event
examine execute — What approach would you use to…? — Design a marketing
illustrate — What would result if…? strategy for your
implement — What elements would you choose to organization
practice change …? — Design a store window
show What questions would you ask in an for homecoming
solve interview with …? — Develop a storyboard of
use digital images to
demonstrate a process
Use a set of standards to
evaluate performance
BLOOM’S TAXONOMY
Understanding
calculate — How would you classify the type of...? — Illustrate what you think
compare describe — How would you compare or contrast…? the main idea was
discuss — How would you rephrase the meaning...? — Write and perform a play
distinguish — What facts or ideas show…? based on the story
expand explain — Which statements support…? — Retell the story in your
identify interpret — What can you say about…? own words
locate — Which is the best answer…? — Paint a picture of some
outline predict — How would you summarize…? aspect you like
report restate — Write a critique of a
translate presentation
— Prepare a flow chart to
illustrate the sequence of
events
define describe — What is…? — Make a list of the main
duplicate — Where is ? events
find — How did ___ happen? — Make a timeline of
list — How would you describe…? events…
locate — Who was…? — Make a facts chart
name — Who were the main…? — Recite a poem
recall recognize — When did…? — List all the ___ in the
reproduce state — Recall…? story.
tell — Write a list of any pieces
underline write of information you can
remember
References
Argiro, M., Forehand, M., Osteen, J., & Taylor, W. (2005). Bloom’s bakery: An
illustration of Bloom’s taxonomy.
http://www.coe.uga.edu/epltt/images/bloom.swf
Dalton, J. (1986). Applying Bloom’s taxonomy.
http://www.teachers.ash.org.au/researchskills/dalton.htm