PROBLEMARIO DE BALANCES DE

ENERGÍA EN ESTADO NO
ESTACIONARIO

DATOS GENERALES DEL PROCESO DE EVALUACIÓN

Programa educativo: Ingeniería en Biotecnología Cuatrimestre: Cuarto
Asignatura: Balance de Materia y Energía Grupo:
Nombre del alumno: Fecha:
Docente: Luis Alberto Santiago Santiago Calificación:

BALANCE DE ENERGIA EN PROCESOS EN ESTADO NO ESTACIONARIO

6.9 Boiling wáter:

A beaker containing 2 litres water at 18°C is placed on a laboratory hot-plate. The water begins to
boil in 11 min.

(a) Neglecting evaporation, write the energy balance for the process.
(b) The hot-plate delivers heat at a constant rate. Assuming that the heat capacity of water is
constant, what is that rate?

6.10 Heating glycerol solution

An adiabatic stirred tank is used to heat 100 kg of a 45% glicerol solution in water. An electrical coil
delivers 2.5 kW of power to the tank; 88% of the energy delivered by the coil goes into heating the
vessel contents. The glycerol solution is initially at 15°C.

(a) Write a differential equation for the energy balance.

(b) Integrate the equation to obtain an expression for temperatura as a function of time.
(c) Assuming glycerol and water form an ideal solution, how long will the solution take to reach
90°C.

6.11 Heating molasses

Diluted molasses is heated in a well-stirred steel tank by saturated steam at 40 psia condensing in
a jacket on the outside of the tank. The outer walls of the jacket are insulated. 1020 kg h -1
molasses solution at 20°C enters the tank, and 1020 kg h -1 of heated molasses leaves. The rate of
heat transfer from the steam through the jacket and to the molasses is given by the equation:

Q = UA (Tsteam - Tmolasses)
where Q is the rate of heat transfer, U is the overall heattransfer coefficient, A is the surface area
for heat transfer, and T is the temperature. For this system the value of U is 190 kcal/ m 2 h °C; Cp
for the molasses solution is 0.85 kcal/kg °C. The initial mass of molasses solution in the tank is
5000 kg; the initial temperature is 20°C. The surface area for heat transfer between the steam and
tank is 1.5 m2.

(a) Derive the differential equation describing the rate of change of temperature in the tank.
(b) Solve the differential equation to obtain an equation relating temperature and time.
(c) Plot the temperature of molasses leaving the tank as a function of time.
(d) What is the maximum temperature that can be achieved in the tank?
(e) Estimate the time required for this system to reach steady state.
(f) How long does it take for the outlet molasses temperature to rise from 20°C to 40°C?

6.12 Pre-heating culture medium

A glass fermenter used for culture of hybridoma cells contains nutrient medium at 15°C. The
fermenter is wrapped in an electrical heating mantle which delivers heat at a rate of 450 W.
Before inoculation, the medium and vessel must be at 36°C. The medium is well mixed during
heating. Use the following information to determine the time required for medium pre-heating.

Glass fermenter vessel: mass = 12.75 kg; Cp = 0.20 cal/g °C

Nutrient medium: mass = 7.50 kg; Cp = 0.92 cal/g °C

6.13 Water heater

A tank contains 1000 kg water at 24°C. It is planned to heat this water using saturated steam at
130°C in a coil inside the tank. The rate of heat transfer from the steam is given by the equation:

Q = UA(Tsteam-Tmolasses)

where Q is the rate of heat transfer, U is the overall heat-transfer coefficient, A is the surface area
for heat transfer, and T is the temperature. The heat-transfer area provided by the coil is 0.3 m 2;
the heat-transfer coefficient is 220 kcal/m h °C. Condensate leaves the coil saturated.

(a) The tank has a surface area of 0.9 m 2 exposed to the ambient air. The tank exchanges heat
through this exposed surface at a rate given by an equation similar to that above. For heat transfer
to or from the surrounding air the heattransfer coefficient is 25 kcal/m h °C. If the air temperature
is 20°C, calculate the time required to heat the water to 80°C.
(b) What time is saved if the tank is insulated?
Assume the heat capacity of water is constant, and neglect the heat capacity of the tank walls.