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TRANSFORMERS

B3.8 Power Transformers


All power transformers shall be of the naturally air cooled oil filled type and meet or exceed the
requirements of BS 171. They shall be suitable for outdoor installation and provided with a first filling of
mineral oil to comply with BS 148 Grade B30.
The transformers shall be suitably rated for the required duties and loadings for operating the whole of the
Works under the worst climatic conditions at Site.
Unless otherwise specified, three phase transformer windings shall be connected in a delta-star formation
with group 4 phase displacement, primary to secondary vector group reference Dyn 11. The star point of
the secondary winding shall be brought out through the tank and suitably terminated for solid earthing.
Provision shall be made for mounting protection current transformers on the star point/neutral to earth
connection. Winding insulation shall be to Class 'A'. The temperature rise shall be limited to the maximum
operating temperature for Class 'A' materials as defined in BS 2757 derated for the climatic conditions.
Unless otherwise specified the high voltage windings shall be provided with tappings from +5% to -5% in
21/2% stages with constant flux voltage variation as defined in BS 171.
Tap selection shall be by means of a five position externally operated manual control off-circuit tapping
switch. A mechanical tap position indicator shall be provided and the switch shall be padlockable in any
position. A suitable padlock shall be fitted to each tap changer and be supplied complete with two keys.
A label warning that power must be switched off before the tap changer is operated shall be fitted.
The core shall be constructed from cold rolled low loss grain orientated and stress relieved silicon iron alloy
laminations manufactured to BS.601 Part 2. The laminations shall be insulated from each other by means
of a suitable temperature resistant oil proof coating.
The winding design and construction shall provide adequately designed and located coolant flow ducts so
that possible hot spots are eliminated. Windings shall be braced to withstand dynamic stresses due to short
circuit conditions. Full details shall be provided of the arrangements for taking up or eliminating coil
shrinkage during service. The core and winding shall be designed so that the loss is minimum but the ratio
of copper loss to iron loss shall be in accordance with an economic design and the manufacturer shall state
the ratio used. The transformer tanks shall be constructed from high grade steel with arc welded seams.
The structure of the tank shall enable it to be handled whilst filled with oil and it shall be hydraulically
tested at a pressure of not less than 0.1 N/mm2 (1 bar).
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Rev. Date Description
00 5/04/2019 Transformer Specs
01 26/05/2019 Page 4 and 5 added (B 5.5.5) & (C7.6)

Project : HCC_EMKIQ_TFR _Rev01 Page 1 of 5


Tanks shall be provided with external cooling tubes or ducts, to provide natural cooling at maximum rated
capacity under the site temperature and climatic conditions.
All terminals shall be brought out through oil tight insulating bushings into respective disconnecting
terminal chambers to facilitate cable testing without the necessity to disconnect the cables.
The tank shall be fitted with lifting lugs, adequate jacking points and mounted on skids complete with four
removable rollers, towing eyes and holding-down bolt holes. These requirements shall be suitable for
handling the mass of the transformer complete with oil.
The tank covers shall be constructed to enable them to be bolted to the top of the tank without distortion.
All tank and terminal box joints shall prevent entry of
moisture or leakage of oil. All joint faces shall fit properly and no additional thickness of jointing shall be
used to make good irregularities. All gaskets shall be of synthetic rubber and cork composition and not
subject to deterioration. Conservator tanks shall be fitted and shall be manufactured from sheet steel and
shall be positioned above the highest point of the oil circulating system. Connections into the main tank
shall be at the highest point to prevent air or gas becoming trapped under the main tank cover.
The capacity of conservator tanks shall be adequate for the expansion and contraction of oil in the whole
system under the specified operating conditions. Conservator tanks shall be complete with filling point,
drain valve with captive cap, oil level gauge, silica-gel type dehydrating breather and provision for access
for cleaning. The breather shall be mounted at a height of approximately 1.5 m above ground level. The
pipe between the conservator and main tank shall be fitted with a valve.
All valves shall be of the gate type, having non-rising spindles and provision for locking in the closed and
open positions. The design and construction of the transformer core, winding and tank shall ensure that
the noise level at full load is kept to the minimum, commensurate with economic design. The tank shall be
reinforced or braced where necessary to reduce the noise level. The complete transformer arranged for
service shall be capable of withstanding an impulse voltage on the primary windings in accordance with BS
171 or 95 kV peak whichever is the greater.
All windings, winding terminals and connections shall be fully immersed in oil under all operating
conditions. All materials shall be suitable for this duty and not subject to deterioration.
The windings shall be thoroughly dried out under vacuum at the manufacturer's works and then filled with
oil to the correct level and ready for service.
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Rev. Date Description
00 5/04/2019 Transformer Specs
01 26/05/2019 Page 4 and 5 added (B 5.5.5) & (C7.6)

Project : HCC_EMKIQ_TFR _Rev01 Page 2 of 5


All joints shall be arranged so that they may be tightened externally.
All transformer tanks, tubes and all steelwork shall be shot blasted internally and externally before painting
and a rust inhibiting paint shall be applied to both external and internal surfaces before applying a final
finish. The exterior shall be given an additional coat on site of a durable oil and weather resisting paint to
BS 4800 to the shade to be specified by the Employer’s Representative. All painting work shall be carried
out in general conformity with Appendix B1.
Each transformer shall be provided with the following fittings:
(i) Thermometer pockets, one for oil and one for winding temperature.
(ii) 200 mm diameter dial type oil and winding temperature indicators each fitted with two sets of
adjustable contacts for alarm and trip functions.
(iii) Rating and terminal diagram plates (to comply with BS 171) of a durable and corrosion resistant
material.
(iv) Oil level gauge, clearly visible from ground level.
(v) Gas and oil actuated Buchholz relay, with alarm and trip contacts and test cocks for relay testing
purposes.
(vi) Separate external secondary winding neutral earthing terminal with independent access enclosed
weather proof housing for the earth fault current transformer mounting.
(vii) Tank earthing terminals (two minimum).
(viii) Auxiliary cable marshalling and termination box for transformer alarm and protection circuits.
(ix) Large identity labels shall be affixed to each transformer identifying their primary circuit feeder
switchgear.
(x) Disconnecting terminal chambers (primary and secondary)
(xi) Primary and secondary power circuit cable termination boxes complete with gland plates and
termination facilities to suit the specified power circuit cables.
(xii) Drain valve.
(xiii) Explosion vent.
(xiv) Silica-gel breather.
The power circuit cable boxes shall be completely detachable from the transformer without breaking the
cable termination by means of disconnecting links.

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Rev. Date Description
00 5/04/2019 Transformer Specs
01 26/05/2019 Page 4 and 5 added (B 5.5.5) & (C7.6)

Project : HCC_EMKIQ_TFR _Rev01 Page 3 of 5


B5.5.5 (a) Transformers
All transformers shall be routine tested at the manufacturer's works in accordance with BS 171. The
Employer’s Representative will require to witness the following tests:
(i) Measurement of winding resistance.
(ii) Ratio, polarity and phase relationship.
(iii) Impedance voltage.
(iv) Load losses.
(v) No-load losses and no-load current.
(vi) Insulation resistance.
(vii) Induced overvoltage withstand
(viii) Separate source voltage withstand.
Further witness tests shall also be carried out in accordance with the following:
(ix) Impulse voltage withstand
If the manufacturer can provide evidence covering impulse voltage withstand tests for transformers of
similar type and design, Type Test certificates will be acceptable.
(x) Temperature rise
Where transformers of identical design and rating are being supplied, only one unit need be subjected to
the full Temperature rise test and Type Test certificates supplied for the duplicate units
(b) Power Transformers
Samples of insulating oil shall be taken from each transformer at top and bottom levels and from every
container and subjected to dielectric strength tests.
Buchholz surge relays shall be tested after completion of pilot cables by stimulated oil level changes at the
relay. Buchholz gas relays shall be tested with pilot cables connected by mechanical operation of contacts.
On-load tap changer equipment shall be tested to ensure correct operation from associated control relays
mounted on the switchgear relay panels by voltage injection on the control relays.

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Rev. Date Description
00 5/04/2019 Transformer Specs
01 26/05/2019 Page 4 and 5 added (B 5.5.5) & (C7.6)

Project : HCC_EMKIQ_TFR _Rev01 Page 4 of 5


C7.6 Transformers
C7.6.1 Power Transformers
The voltage levels of transformers shall be as shown on the drawings and power ratings shall be verified by
the Contractor.
The ratings shown on the drawings are provisional design ratings and the Contractor shall ensure that they
are adequate for each transformer to operate the plant.
The transformers shall be suitable for operating at site climatic conditions and meet or exceed the
requirements of General Electrical Specifications. The secondary voltages shall be nominal operating
voltages under full load conditions.
The primary windings for high voltage shall be provided with tappings at +-4x%2,5 of the rated primary
voltages. Cable connection boxes shall be provided to accommodate suitable rated multi core or single
core cables.
All power transformers shall be oil immersed, naturally cooled type for outdoor use. Each transformer shall
be equipped with oil conservators, Bucholz and tank protection relays, double-scaled thermometers and
relays.
Power transformers including all equipment, isolators, busbars, supports, rails and all other ancillaries shall
be provided and installed by the Contractor in accordance with relevant clauses of Volume 2B, General
Electrical Engineering Specification and current Regulations of Local Electricity Distribution Authority.
C7.6.2 Estimated Electrical Load
Estimated maximum main 33/11 kV transformer rating is 12.000 kW. Electrical plant ratings where
specified are provisional design ratings only. The contractor shall verify the above given figures. Verification
of the transformer ratings is the responsibility of Tenderers.
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Rev. Date Description
00 5/04/2019 Transformer Specs
01 26/05/2019 Page 4 and 5 added (B 5.5.5) & (C7.6)

Project : HCC_EMKIQ_TFR _Rev01 Page 5 of 5

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