1 Dr.R.Sudhakar, Professor and Head, ECE, Dr.

MCET

Notations used in Haralick(GLCM) features

Sl.
No Notation Expansion and Note

1. p(i , j) Element i,jin the co-occurrence matrix

2. N Number of Gray Levels

N N
p x (i) and p y ( j)
3. ∑ p(i , j ) and ∑ p(i , j )(Equal for Symmetric GLCM)
j=1 i=1

μ x ∧μ y N N
4. ∑ i . p x (i) and ∑ j. p y ( j)(Equal for Symmetric GLCM)
i=1 j=1

σ 2x ∧σ 2y N N

5.
∑ (i−μ x )2 . p x( i) and ∑ ( j−μ y)2 . p y ( j)(Equal for Symmetric
i=1 j=1

GLCM)

N N
p x+ y (k ) and p x− y ( k )
∑ ∑ p (i, j) and
i=1 j=1
i+ j=k
6.
N N

∑ ∑ p (i, j) k=2,3 , … , 2 N ∧k =0,1 , … , N −1

i=1 j=1
¿ i− j∨¿ k

N N
HX and HY
−∑ p x ( i ) log p x (i) and −∑ p y ( i ) log p y (i)(Equal for Symmetric
7. i=1 i=1

GLCM)

N
HXY
8. −∑ p ( i , j ) . log p (i, j)
i=1

N N N N
HXY1 and HXY2
9. −∑ ∑ p ( i , j ) . log ⁡[ p x ( i ) . ¿ ¿ p y ( j ) ]−∑ ∑ p x ( i ) . p y ( j ) . log ⁡[ p x ( i ) . ¿ ¿ p y ( j ) ]¿ ¿ ¿
i=1 j=1 i=1 j=1

Table 4.2Haralick texture features

 2 Dr.R.Sudhakar, Professor and Head, ECE, Dr.MCET

Sl.
No Feature Formula

N N
Angular Second Moment
1. ∑ ∑ p (i, j)2
i=1 j=1

N N
Contrast
2. ∑ ∑ (i− j)2 p (i , j)
i=1 j=1

N N
Correlation ( i . j ) p ( i, j ) −μ x μ y
3. ∑∑
i=1 j=1 σxσ y

N N
Sum of Squares: Variance
4. ∑ ∑ (i−μ)2 p(i , j)
i=1 j=1

N N
Inverse Difference Moment p ( i, j )
5. ∑ ∑ 1+|i− j|
i=1 j=1

Sum Average, μ x+ y 2N
6. ∑ k p x+ y (k )
k =2

2N
Sum Variance
7. ∑ (k −μ¿¿ x+ y)2 p x+ y (k )¿
k =2

2N
Sum Entropy
8. −∑ p x+ y ( k ) log p x+ y ( k )
k=2

N N
Entropy
9. −∑ ∑ p ( i , j ) logp(i, j)
i=1 j=1

N−1
Difference Variance
10. − ∑ (k−μ¿¿ x− y)2 p x− y (k )¿
k=0

N−1
Difference Entropy
11. − ∑ p x− y ( k ) log px− y ( k)
k=0

Information Measure of HXY −HXY 1

12. max ⁡(HX , HY )
Correlation1
 3 Dr.R.Sudhakar, Professor and Head, ECE, Dr.MCET

Information Measure of √ 1−e−2 (HXY 2− HXY)

13.
Correlation2

Maximal Correlation Coefficient ❑

p ( i, k ) p( j ,k )
14. Q ( i, j )=∑
k p x (i) p y (k )

Texture features

Sl.
No. Feature Formula

N N
Autocorrelation
1. ∑ ∑ (i . j ) p (i, j)
i=1 j=1

N N
Cluster Prominence
2. ∑ ∑ (i+ j−2 μ)3 p(i, j)
i=1 j=1

N N
Cluster Shade
3. ∑ ∑ (i + j−2 μ)4 p(i , j)
i=1 j=1

N N
Dissimilarity
4. ∑ ∑ |i− j|. p (i , j )
i=1 j=1
 4 Dr.R.Sudhakar, Professor and Head, ECE, Dr.MCET

N N
Homogeneity p (i , j)
5. ∑ ∑ 1+(i− j)2
i=1 j=1

Maximum Probability maxp(i , j)

6.
i, j