ROARKS - DISCONTINUITY STRESS AT JUNCTION OF HEAD AND CYLI

Reference - Roarks Stress and Strain Table 13.2 and Table 13.3
Given
q 300 psig Design Pressure
Ri 24.000 in Inside radius
R1 24.472 in Shell mean radius
tc 0.4724 in Thickness of shell (corroded)
R2 30.000 in Head mean crown radius
th 0.7087 in Thickness of head (corroded)
E 29,000,000 psi Modulus of Elasticity
v 0.30 Poisson's ratio
ɸ 45.00 Angle at radius from meridian line
l 100.00 in. Length of cylinder (Tan-tan)

1 Edge Displacement due to Pressure (only)

Vessel Dimensional Parameter
Cylinder, D = 280,038.63
ʎ = 0.378032
Cylinder ΔR c = 0.011147 Table 13.1 (1c)
Head ΔRh = 0.003251 Table 13.1 (1c)
ΔR = 0.007895

2 Derived expression of edge displacement in cylinder due to radial force and Moment
2.1 For uniform radial force and uniform edge Moment
In shear, Vo In Moment, Mo, when ʎl>6
Table 13.2 (1) page 602 Table 13.2 (3) page 603
yA = - 0.0000330 * Vo + 0.0000125 * Mo =

2.2 Angle of Rotation to uniform edge loads

In shear, Vo In Moment, Mo, when ʎl>6
Table 13.2 (1) page 602 Table 13.2 (3) page 603
ψA = 0.0000125 * Vo - 0.0000094 * Mo =
C11 = 1.71142856E+32
C12 = 1.71142856E+32
C13 = 1.71142856E+32
C14 = 1.71142856E+32
ʎl = 37.8032
 3 Derive expression of edge displacement in head due to radial force and Moment
3.1 Head Parameter, Table 13.3 (1) page 608
R2 = 30.000
th = 0.708661417323
β = 8.36
E = 29,000,000
K1 = 0.9734
K2 = 0.8938
K3 = 0.7890
R2/t > 10
ɸ = 0.7854 radians

3.1 For uniform radial force and uniform edge Moment

Uniform radial force, Qo Uniform edge moment, Mo
Table 13.3 (1a) page 609 Table 13.3 (1b) page 609
ΔR = 0.0000117 * Qo + 0.0000049 * Mo =

3.2 Angle of Rotation to uniform edge loads

Uniform radial force, Qo Uniform edge moment, Mo
Table 13.3 (1a) page 609 Table 13.3 (1b) page 609
ψ = 0.0000049 * Qo + 0.0000039 * Mo

4 Set the equality of expression for loading (Pressure + Edge radial force + Moment)
Total deflection in cylinder = Total deflection in head
ΔRc + YA = ΔRh+ ΔR Equation 1
ΔRc - ΔRh = ΔR - YA Equation 2

The angles of rotation of the cylinder and head edges due to Qo and Mo must be equal
ψA = ψ, then by elimination Equation 3
whereas Vo = Qo terms as radial force in lb/in

ψA = 0.0000125 * Qo - 0.0000094 * Mo Cylinder side

ψ = 0.0000049 * Qo + 0.0000039 * Mo Head side
0.0000075 * Qo = 0.000013 * Mo
Qo = 1.7677321 * Mo Equation 4
5 Expand the expression of Equation 2 to derive M o
ΔRc - ΔRh = ΔR - YA, whereas Vo = Qo terms as radial force in lb/in

ΔRc - ΔRh = 0.0078953

Uniform radial Load Uniform Edge Moment
ΔR = 0.000012 * Qo + 0.0000049 * Mo
yA = - 0.0000330 * Qo + 0.0000125 * Mo
ΔRc - ΔRh = 0.0000448 * Qo + - 0.0000075 * Mo Equation 5
substitute equation 4 to 5
ΔRc - ΔRh = 0.0000792 * Mo + - 0.0000075 * Mo
0.0078953 = 0.0000716 * Mo
Mo = 110.264 Lb-in/in
From equation 4 Qo = 194.918 Lb/in
Vo = 194.918 Lb/in
F HEAD AND CYLINDER version 1

6 Compute the membrane stress due to pressure

σ1 σ2
7,770.0 15,540.0
6,350.0 6,350.0

ial force and Moment

7 Compute the stress in cylinder due to edge radial force , V o
(+) positive outward at Junction
Total, yA σ1 σ2
- 0.00506 in 0.0000 -7633.7822

8 Compute the stress at edge of cylinder due to Moment , M o

at Junction
Total, ψA σ1 σ2
0.00139 in 0.0000 1632.4939

9 Compute the stress in head due to edge radial force , V o

Max value of M1 occurs at ꙍ=π/4*
at edge where ꙍ =0, V1= Qo sinꝊ, M1=0
rce and Moment
at Junction
σ1 σ2
194.4903 3189.5709

10 Compute the stress at edge of cylinder due to Moment , M o

Max value of M1=Mo, V1= 0 occurs at ꙍ=0

at Junction
σ1 σ2
0.0000 745.3485
SUMMATION
(+) positive outward 11 Shell Edge - Meridional mebrane stress/longitudinal, σ1
ΔR σ1 = 7,770.00 psi
0.00283 in
12 Shell Edge - Circumferential membrane stress, σ2
σ2 = 9,538.71 psi

Total, ψ 13 Head Edge- Meridional membrane stress/longitudinal, σ1

0.00139 in σ1 = 6,544.49 psi

al force + Moment) 14 Head Edge - Circumferential membrane stress, σ2

σ2 = 10,284.92 psi

 Mo must be equal

Cylinder side
Head side

Equation 4
Equation 5
 6,387.72

8,485.85

ane stress due to pressure 15 Procedure of stress evaluation away from junct
Given (Enter to desired distance and angle)
x= 5 inches
Cylinder ꙍ= 3 degress
Head Note:
Positive (+) when tensile on the outside
Computed stresses at distance " x " due to effe
n cylinder due to edge radial force , V o
Note: Stresses:
Positive (+) when tensile on the outside σ'1 σ'2 σ1
11090.84 3327.25 0.0000

at edge of cylinder due to Moment , M o Computed stresses at distance " x " due to effe
Stresses:
σ'1 σ'2 σ1
-42851.94 -12855.58 0.0000

n head due to edge radial force , V o

rs at ꙍ=π/4*β
V1= Qo sinꝊ, M1=0
 17.1 Computed stresses at angle "ꙍ" due to effect o
Stresses:
σ'1 σ'2 σ1
-1618.21 -797.64 65.57

at edge of cylinder due to Moment , M o

1
= 0 occurs at ꙍ=0
17.2 Computed stresses at angle "ꙍ" due to effect o
Stresses:
σ'1 σ'2 σ1
-1172.27 -449.94 -27.85

nal mebrane stress/longitudinal, σ1

psi 18 Summary Table
Cylinder side (Total)
erential membrane stress, σ2 σ1 σ2 σ'1
psi 7,770.00 15,590.48 - 31,761.1
Head side (Total)
al membrane stress/longitudinal, σ1 σ1 σ2 σ'1
psi 6,387.72 8,485.85 - 2,790.5

erential membrane stress, σ2

psi
 7,770.00

15,590.48

ion away from junction of Cylinder and Heads

ce and angle) Legend:
at cylinder (Figure 1) σ'1 = Longitudinal stress/Meridional Bending stress, psi
at head (Figure 2) σ'2 = Circumferential Bending Stress, psi
σ1 = Longitudinal stress/Meridional membrane stress, psi
he outside σ2 = Circumferential Mebrane Stress, psi
nce " x " due to effect of edge radial load, V o
Generated parameter per Table 13.2
x= 5 D= 280,039 ʎ= 0.3780
σ2 Vo = 194.92 yA = - 0.0064 ψ A= 0.00244
362.02 M= -412.58 F1 = -1.062989 F2 = 2.20 F3 = 3.07
y= 0.0003 LTM = -566.91 LTy = -0.0136

nce " x " due to effect of edge Moment, M o

Generated parameter per Table 13.2
σ2 Mo = 110.26 yA = 0.00138 ψ A= - 0.00104
-311.53 M = 1594.10 LTM = -117.210 LTy = 0.00423
y = -0.000263
e "ꙍ" due to effect of edge radial load, Q o
Generated parameter per Table 13.3
σ2 ꙍ= 0.0524
1883.77 ɸ= 0.79 C= 161.74 ξ= -0.7719 R2= 30.00
Qo = 194.92 β= 8.36 v= 0.30 t = 0.71
M1 = 135.44 K1 = 0.9734 K2 = 0.8938 K3 = 0.7890
M2 = 66.76 M1 = Meridional bending Moment
M2 = Circumferential bending Moment
e "ꙍ" due to effect of edge Moment, Mo
Generated parameter per Table 13.3
σ2 Mo = 110.26 C= 53.11 ξ= 0
252.07 M1 = 98.12 M1 = Meridional bending Moment
M2 = 37.66 M2 = Circumferential bending Moment

σ'2 Legend:
- 1,247.6 σ'1 = Longitudinal stress/Meridional Bending stress, psi
σ'2 = Circumferential Bending Stress, psi
σ'2 σ1 = Longitudinal stress/Meridional membrane stress, psi
- 1,247.6 σ2 = Circumferential Mebrane Stress, psi
F4 = 4.23
Introduction to Discontinuity Stresses

If there is an abrupt change in the thickness or in the meridional slope or

curvature at any circumference of a thin vessel, bending stresses occur in
addition to the membrane stresses. These "discontinuity stresses" are of four
types:

1. a meridional bending stress, F , which varies linearly throughout the thickness of the wall,
bmer

2. a circumferential or hoop bending stress, F , which varies linearly throughout the thickness of the wall,
bt

3. an additional hoop stress, F , uniform throughout the thickness of the wall, and
t

4. a meridional shear stress, F , assumed uniform throughout the thickness of the wall.
smer

In order to determine the state of stress of a pressure vessel, it is necessary

to find membrane stresses and discontinuity stresses. The total stresses may
be obtained from the superposition of these two states of stress.
ess of the wall,
t the thickness of the wall,