Seismic vulnerability of setback building frames on hill slopes

A Research Paper Review Report

Submitted

By

PATEL KELVINKUMAR RAJUBHAI

ID No: 19PGCL006

Under the supervision of

Ms. Neha Rajput

For the subject

CL 744 Structural Dynamics & Earthquake Engineering

MANUBHAI SHIVABHAI PATEL DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

CHAROTAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

CHANGA – 388421, GUJARAT, INDIA

March 2020

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 SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF BUILDING
RESTING
ON SLOPING GROUND
Title of Paper: - SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF BUILDING RESTING ON SLOPING
GROUND

Name of Author: - B.G Birajdar, S.S Nalawade

Year of Publication: - August 2004
Name of General: - 13th World Conference on earthquake Engineering
SUMMARY:

Results from seismic analyses performed on 24 RC building with three different

configurations like, step back building, step back set back building and set back
building are presented. 3-D analysis including torsional effect has been carried out
by using response spectrum method. The dynamic response properties like,
fundamental time period, top storey displacement, reaction the base shear action
induced in column have been studied with reference to the suitability of a
building configuration on sloping ground . it is observed that step back set back
buildings are found to be more suitable on sloping ground.

3
REFERENCES:

1. Satish Kumar and D.K. Paul., “Hill buildings configuration from seismic
consideration’’, Journal of structural engg., vol. 26 No.3, October 1999,
pp.195-185.
2. S.S.nalawade. “seismic analysis of building on sloping ground, “M.E.
Dissertation, university of pune, pune dec-2003.
3. IS:1893 (1)-2002.,” criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures”
BIS, New Delhi.
 Seismic response of RC Framed
Buildings
Resting on Hill slopes

Title of Paper: - Seismic response of RC Framed Buildings Resting on Hill slopes

Name of Author: - zaid mohammad, abdul baqi, mohammed arif
Year of Publication: - 2017
Name of General: - Elsevier

Summary:

In this study, geometrical variations in the structure of step-back and step-back

setback configurations are performed by varying height and length of the
buildings in along and across slope direction. 18 models of different length and
widths have been analyzed for earthquake loads and accidental eccentricity as per
codal provisions. The results obtained in the terms of seismic parameters such as
storey drift, fundamental time period(ftp), top storey displacement, storey shear
and normally base shear in columns at ground level and comparaed within the
considered effects on hill buildings. The step-back setback configurations
experience less torsional moment and seismic force as compared with step-back
building due to less seismic weight of the structure. Around 40-50% reduction in
base shear value is observed in case of step-back setback building when
compared to step-back configurations. Also step-back building show higher storey
drift and storey shear, making the structures more vulnerable to earthquake
forces. Hence step-back setback building performs better than step-back
configuration when subject to seismic loads.
REFERENCES:

1. V.W.T. Cheung and W.K. Tso, Lateral load analysis for buildings with setbacks. J.
ASCE Structural Division 113 (1987) (2), 209-227.
2. B.M. Sharon and J.P. Muehl, Seismic response and design of setback buildings. J.
of Structural Egg. ASCE, 116 (1990) (5), 1423-1439.
3. D.K. Paul, Simplified seismic analysis of buildings on hill slopes. Bull. Indian
Society of Earthquake Technology 30 (1993) (4), 113-124.
4. S. Kumar and D.K. Paul, 3-D analysis of irregular buildings with rigid
floor diaphragm. Bull. Indian Society of Earthquake Technology
31(1994a) (3), 141-154.
5. S.S. nalawade , Seismic Analysis of Buildings on Sloping Ground. Dissertation
(2003), University of Pune, Pune.
6. ]B.G. Birajdar and S. S. Nalawade, Seismic analysis of buildings resting
on sloping ground. In Thirteenth World Conference on Earthquake
Engineering (13WCEE), 2004, Vancouver, Canada.
7. A.R.V. Narayanan, R. Goswami and C.V.R. Murty, Performance of
RC buildings along hill slopes of Himalayas during 2011 Sikkim
earthquake. 15 WCEE, Lisbon, Portugal, WCEE Online
Proceedings, 2012.
 EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS OF RCC
BUILDING
ON HILLY AREA WITH VARYING
SLOPES
Title of Paper: - EARTHQUAKE ANALYSIS OF RCC BUILDING ON HILLY
AREA WITH VARYING SLOPES
Name of Author: - D SUJAY , M V NARASAIAH
Year of Publication: -OCT-DEC 2017
Name of General: -IJRSAE
SUMMARY:

North and northeastern parts of India have large scales of hilly region, which are
categorized under seismic zone IV and V. In this region the construction of
multistory RC framed building on hill slope has a popular and pressing demand,
due to its economic growth and rapid urbanization. Highly seismic in India are in
hilly areas. I observed in this paper 3D analytical model of g+10 storied building
has been generated for asymmetric building models and analyzed using structural
analysis “ETABS”. The behavior of a g+10 storey RCC building on varying slope
angles like 5 to 10 degree is studied. In this paper comparison between varying
sloped ground and flat ground. Also, comparison analytic results like storey
displacement, storey drift and story shear. There are two configuration use In
“ETABS” software. The two configuration are (1) step back building and (2) set
back . In this paper using response spectrum analysis and equivalent lateral force
method and its analysis by “ETABS” Software . From this study we observed that
as the storey height increases the base shear and displacement also increases .
from this observation are as the angle of slope increase base shear increase and
displacement decreases .As the angle of slope increases displacement and drifts
decreases.in step back and set back frames, it is observed that extreme left
column, which are on the higher side of the sloping ground and are short ,so its
more affect on the left side column and required while detailing and designing
these short column.
REFERENCE:
1. Agarwal. and Shrikhande. M., 2006 “Earthquake Resistant Design of
Structures” Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, India.
2. Arlekar N.J., Jain K.S., and Murthy C.V.R, 1997 “Seismic Response of RC
Frame Buildings with Soft First Storeys” Proceedings of the CBRL Golden
Jubilee Conference on Natural Hazards in Urban Habitat, New Delhi.
3. Applied Technology Council, 1996: “Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of
Concrete Buildings”, ATC-40, Volume 1.
4. Brick infills in RC frames: “E-Conference Proceeding”, January 28, 2002.
5. IS: 1893 (Part-I) – 2002 “Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of
Structures”, Part 1 – General provisions and buildings, fifth revision, Bureau
of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
6. [6]. Krawinkler H. and Seneviratna G.D.P.K, 1998: “Pros and Cons of Pushover
Analysis of Seismic Performance Evaluation”.
7. Kanitkar R. and Kanitkar V., 2004 “Seismic Performance of Conventional
Multi-storey Buildings with open ground storey for Vehicular Parking”,
Indian Concrete Journal.
8. Lee H.S. and Woo W.S., 2001 “Effect of Masonry infills on Seismic
Performance of a 3 Storey RC Frame with non-seismic Detailing”, John Wiley
& Sons, Ltd.
9. Murthy C.V.R. and Jain S.K., 2000 “The Beneficial Influence of Masonry Infill
Walls on the Seismic Performance of RC Framed Buildings”, Indian Institute
of Technology, Kanpur, 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,
Auckland, New Zealand.
10.Naik. Pramodini, Dyavanal S.S., and Annigeri. S.A., 2006 “Performance
Evaluation of Multistoreyed Buildings Subjected to Earthquake Forces”,
Proceedings of National Conference on Earthquake Analysis and Design of
Structures.
11.Ravi Sinha et al: “Earthquake Resistant Capacity of Reinforced Concrete
Frame Buildings”, Technical Project Report Volume 2, Indian Institute of
Technology, Bombay.
12.Chopra AK, Goel RK. 2001 “A modal pushover analysis procedure to estimate
seismic demands for Buildings: theory and preliminary evaluation.” PEER
Report 2001/03, Pacific Earthquake.
13.Chopra AK, Goel RK. 2002 “A modal pushover analysis procedure for
estimating seismic demands for buildings.” Earthquake Engineering
Structural Dynamics.
14.Gupta A, Krawinkler H. “Estimation of seismic drift demands for frame
structures.” Earthquake
15.Gupta B, Kunnath SK. 2000 “Adaptive spectrabased pushover procedure for
seismic evaluation of structures.” Earthquake Spectra.
ANALYSIS OF SET BACK STEP-BACK
BUILDING RESTING ON SLOPING
GROUND
Title of Paper: - ANALYSIS OF SET BACK STEP-BACK BUILDING RESTING ON
SLOPING GROUND
Name of Author: - RAHUL MANOJSINGH PAWAR , S.B SOHANI
Year of Publication: -JUNE-2017
Name of General: -ISJDER
SUMAARY:

In this paper I have observed that three-dimensional space frame analysis is

carried out for the three different configurations such as (1) step back (2) step
back-setback
(3) setback. And height of building is ranging from 33m,48m, and 63m(10 to 20
storey) resting on sloping and plain ground .slope of ground ranging from 0,10,15
and 20 degree . And dynamic response of these building, in terms of base shear &
top floor displacement is presented & compared within the considered
configuration as well as with another configuration. In this study, 3D analytical
model of 10 storied building has been generated for symmetric and asymmetric
building models and analyzed using structural tool” STADD-PRO” to study the
effect of varying height of column in ground stored due to sloping ground and the
effect of the shear wall at different position during earthquake. The performance
of the building on sloping ground suggests an increased vulnerability of the
structure with formation of column hinges at base level and beam hinges at each
story level at performance point. It is found that the plastic are more in case of
building resting on sloping ground as compared to building resting on plain
ground. Building resting
on sloping ground have less base shear compared to building on plain ground.
base shear increases as slope ground increase. I observed that building with
setback- step back is showing less displacement than step back model. The axial
force on column is more on plain ground than on sloping ground. The
development of moment in set -step back building is higher than in setback
building. shear force and bending moment value in beam is high in plain ground
model than on sloping ground model.

REFERENCES:

1. Murthy C.V.R, Learning earthquake design.

2. Agrawal, ShrikhandeMansih, earth quake resistant design of structures.
3. IS: 456:2000, Plain and Reinforced code of practice.
4. IS:1893(Part-1):2002, Criteria for earth quake resistant design of structure.
5. IS: 13920:1993, Ductile detailing of RCC structure subjected to earth quake
force.
6. SP:16, Design Aid for Reinforced concrete to IS:456:2000.
7. Agarwal, P., and Shrikhande M. 2006, Earthquake resistant design of
structures (Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, India).
8. Applied Technology Council (1996): Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of
Concrete Buildings, ATC-40, Vol 1.
9. Ashraf Habibullah, Stephen Pyle, Practical three-dimensional non-linear
static pushover analysis, Structure Magazine, Winter, 1998.
10.FEMA-356(2000), Prestandard and Commentary for the seismic
Rehabilitation of buildings, American Society of Civil Engineers, USA
11.Manoj S. Medhekar and Sudhir K. Jain “Seismic Behaviour, Design and
Detailing of RC Shear walls, Part II: Design and Detailing.” The Indian
Concrete Journal, September 1993
12.Sharon L. Wood “Minimum Tensile Reinforcement Requirements in walls”
ACI structural journal, September-October 1989.
13.N. Ile, J.M. Reynouard and J.F. Georgin “Non linear response and modelling
of RC walls subjected to seismic loading” ISET Journal of Earthquake
Technology, paper No 415, Vol. 39, No 1-2, March-June 2002, pp. 1-19
14.Young- Hun Oh, Sang Whan Han and Li-Hyung Lee “Effect of boundary
element details on the seismic deformation capacity of structural walls”
Journal of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, January 2002.
SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF R.C FRAMED
BUILDING RESTING ON HILLY
SLOPES
Title of Paper: - SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF R.C FRAMED BUILDING RESTING ON HILLY
SLOPES
Name of Author: - PreethaV1, GokulPrasanth S2, SureshKannasS2, YohaPrakash
S A2
Year of Publication: - 2019
Name of General: -IJIAREC

SUMMARY:

In this paper I have observed that seismic analysis is a type of structure analysis
and is the analysis of the response of a building structure to earthquakes. A
building resting on hilly slope differs in quite different way from the building
located at plane surfaces. The building is situated in hilly area are much more
vulnerable to seismic environment. the different floor levels of such building step
back towards the hill slope and at the same time building may have setbacks also.
Column if such building rests at different levels on the slope. The analysis of G+3
building on varying slope angles includes 0,7.5,15,22.5and 30 degree respectively.
Also, seismic force is considered as per IS: 1893-2002. In this paper are building
located at seismic zone III with the damping ratio of 5%. seismic analysis has been
performed using equivalent static analysis. The 3-D model has been analyzed in
STADD-PRO and the effect of varying height of column in ground story due to
sloping ground. I observed that hilly slope like up-slope building and down-slope
building .in up- slope building are constructed on ground that rise above the road
level. Building built directly on close to its foundation and down-slope building are
constructed on ground that drops. The response parameter base shear, top storey
displacement, shear in bottom storey column, time period is critically analyzed to
quantify the effects of various sloping ground. base shear and top storey
displacement in step
back setback building is much lower than setback building on the sloping ground.
After analysis g+3 building on “STADD-PRO” than results are the value of base
shear gradually decrease as the slope of the hill. Maximum at 7.5 degree and 15-
degree slope beyond that the value of displacement decreases due to the
reduction in number of bays as well as the length of the column.

REFERENCES:
1. Birajdar.B.G and Nalwade S.S, - Seismic Analysis of Hill Buildings Resting On
Sloping Ground, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,
Vancouver, B.C., Canada, 2004, 1472
2. Rayyan- Hasan Siddiquiand H.S.Vidyadhara , - Seismic Analysis of
Earthquake Resistant Multi Bay Multi Storeyed 3D -RC Frame, International
Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT), ISSN: 2278- 0181
2(10), 2013.
3. Ravikumar C M and Babu Narayan K S, - Effect of Irregular Configurations
on Seismic Vulnerability of RC Buildings, Architecture Research, 2012.
4. SUNIL SINGH RAWAT Behaviour of RCC buildings on hill slopes under
seismic loads - 2015 SUNILSINGH RAWAT.
5. Achin Jain andDr.Rakesh Patel, - Analysis of building constructed on sloping
groundfor different types of soil,International Journal For Technological
Research In Engineering, 4(12), 2017.
6. . Agarwal P. and Shrikhande M. “Earthquake resistant of structures” Pre
tice- Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi, India. 2006
7. Annigeri Satish and Jain Ashok K, - Torsional provisions for asymmetrical
multistorey buildings in IS: 1893, International journal ofstructures, Paper
No.139, 14(2), 1994, 115-142.
8. I.S. 456-1993, Indian standard code of practice for plain and reinforced
concrete (fourth revision), Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi.
9. I.S. 1893(Part 1), Criteria for earthquake resistant design of structure,
general provision and building, Bureau of Indian standards, New Delhi.
2002
 SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF RCC
BUILDING
RESTING ON SLOPING
GROUND WITH VARYING
NUMBER OF BAYS AND HILL
SLOPES
Title of Paper: - SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF RCC BUILDING RESTING ON SLOPING GROUND
WITH VARYING NUMBER OF BAYS AND HILL SLOPES
Name of Author: - Narayan Kalsulkar, Satish Rathod
Year of Publication: - June 2015
Name of General: - International Journal of current engineering & Technology

SUMMARY:

In this paper I have observed that seismic force acts more sever in hilly
regions due to the structural irregularity. The scarcity of plain ground in
hilly areas compels construction activity on sloping ground resulting in
various important building such as reinforced concrete framed
hospitals, collages, hospitals, collages, hostels and offices resting on
hilly slopes. the behavior of building during earthquake depends upon
the distribution of mass and stiffness in both horizontal and vertical
planes of the buildings. Another work I have observed that analytical
approach for finding out the displacement, story drift, natural
frequency, time period, base shear for a multistory building resting on
a sloping ground
subjected to seismic load. Response spectrum analysis based on the IS
(1893:2002) codal provisions is to be performed on the FE model using
suitable FEA platform. Also important in building frame on sloping
ground depends upon the many parameters such as number of bays,
hill slopes angles and number of stories. Also, two building
configurations are considered namely step back and step back- set back
frame. In this paper says that 48 models are done and results obtained
in “ETABS” software using. In this paper there are six type of
comparison set like comparison set -1 , comparison set -2, comparison
set-3, comparison set- 4 etc. the performance of step back frame during
seismic excitation could prove more vulnerable than other
configurations of building frames hence step back-set back frames are
more desirable than step back frames . as number of bays increase time
period and top story displacement decreases. therefore, it is concluded
that greater number of bays are observed to be better under seismic
conditions.

REFERENCES:

1. B. G. Birajdar and S. S. Nalawade (August 1-6, 2004) Seismic analysis of

building resting on sloping ground 13th World Conference on Earthquake
Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada, Paper No. 1472.
2. S. M. Nagargoje and Mr. K. S. Sable Seismic Performance of Multi-storeyed
Building on Sloping Ground.
3. Nagargoje et al. Elixir Elec. Engg. 53 (2012) 11980 11982 Y. Singh, P. Gade,
D. H. Lang and E. Erdua (Sept 18, 2011) Seismic behavior of Buildings
located on slopes- an analytical study and some observations from Sikkim
Earthquake .
4. Prashant D. and Dr. Jagadish Kori G (September 2013) Seismic Response of
one way slope RC frame building with soft storey. International Journal of
Emerging Trends in Engineering and Development.
5. Rayyan-Ul-Hasan Siddiqui and H. S. Vidyadhara (October 2013) Seismic
Analysis of Earthquake Resistant Multi Bay Multi Storeyed 3D - RC Frame
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) Vol. 2
Issue 10 .
6. S. A. Halkude, M. G. Kalyanshetti and V. D. Ingle (December 2011)Seismic
analysis of building resting on sloping ground with varying number of bays
and hill slopes International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology
(IJERT), Vol. 2 Issue 12.
 SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF
BUILDING
RESTING ON SLOPING GROUND
Title of Paper: - SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING RESTING ON SLOPING
GROUND
Name of Author: - Dr. R.B Khadiranaikar and Arif Masali
Year of Publication: - May 2014
Name of General: - IOSR/JMCE

SUMMARY:

In this paper observed that in hilly area compels construction activity on sloping
ground resulting in various important building such as reinforced concrete framed
hospital, collages, hotels and at the office resting on hilly slopes. The various
floors of such building step back toward the hill slope and at the same time
building may have setback. Apart form that on hilly slope are characterized by
unequal column height within a storey , which results in drastic variation in
stiffness of columns of the same storey. In this paper discuss about different
vertical irregular configuration of the building . irregularity like stiffness
irregularity, mass irregularity, vertical irregularity. In this paper also discuss about
3D analysis including torsional effect by using response spectrum method. It is
observed that, in all building on sloping ground, storey shear is resisted by short
column. the effect of torsional irregularity in the building configuration can be
represented by the ratio of maximum to average inter storey drifts (∆max/∆avg)
in a storey. from which they observed that, in step back building torsion is
observed in all storey denoted as SI. In this paper comparison of step back
building and step back set back building
in terms of base shear, storey displacement, time period, etc. it is observed that,
short column attracts more forces and are worst affected during seismic
excitation. it means that special focus on strength of column and design according
IS 1893:2016. Step back building produce higher base shear, higher value of time
period, higher value of top storey displacement compared to step back set back
building. It is observed that the grater number of bays are found to be better
under seismic condition, as the number of bays increase, time period and top
storey displacement decreases in hill slope building. Many researchers suggested
as step back set back building may b favored on sloping ground.

REFFERNCES:

1. Birajdar.B.G,”Seismic analysis of buildings resting on sloping ground”,

13thWorld Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, B.C., Canada,
Paper No. 1472, 2004.
2. S.M.Nagargoje and K.S.Sable," Seismic performance of multi-storeyed
building on sloping ground", Elixir International Journal, 7 December 2012.
3. Y. Singh and Phani Gade “Seismic Behavior of Buildings Located on Slopes” -
An Analytical Study and Some Observations From Sikkim Earthquake of
September 18, 2011. 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
Journal 2012.
4. Mohammed Umar Farooque Patel et al “A Performance study and seismic
evaluation of RC frame buildings on sloping ground” IOSR Journal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN:
2320-334X-, PP 51-58,2014.
5. Prashant D, Dr. Jagadish Kori G “ Seismic Response of one way slope RC
frame building with soft storey” International Journal of Emerging Trends in
Engineering and Development Issue 3, Vol.5 (September 2013).
6. Rayyan-Ul-Hasan Siddiqui and , H. S. Vidyadhara “Seismic Analysis of
Earthquake Resistant Multi Bay Multi Storeyed 3D - RC Frame”
International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) ISSN:
2278-0181 Vol. 2 Issue 10, October – 2013.
7. N. Jitendra Babu, K.Y.G.D Balaji “pushover analysis of unsymmetrical
framed structures on sloping ground” International Journal of Civil,
Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Research and
Development (IJCSEIERD) ISSN 2249- 6866 Vol. 2 Issue 4 Dec - 2012 45-54.
8. Ravikumar C M,*, Babu Narayan K S “Effect of Irregular Configurations on
Seismic Vulnerability of RC Buildings” Architecture Research 2012,2(3):20-
26DOI: 10.5923/j.arch.20120203.01.
9. Dr. S. A. Halkude et al “Seismic Analysis of Buildings Resting on Sloping
Ground With Varying Number of Bays and Hill Slopes” International Journal
of Engineering Research and Technology ISSN:2278-0181,Vol.2 Issue 12,
December-2013.