Matrix

ADVANCED STRUCTURAL
ANALYSIS USING STAAD AND

SMATH
Engr. Juan Paulo L. Bersamina, Msce
March 2019
ii
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Contents
1 Plane Truss Analysis 1

1.1 Member Local Stiffness Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Coordinate Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Member Global Stiffness Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Structure Stiffness Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.5 Example using SMATH and STAAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5.1 Member Global K matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5.2 Null Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5.3 Generating S matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5.4 Code for Generating Structure Stiffness matrix . . . . . 5
1.5.5 Structure Stiffness Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.5.6 Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5.7 Member Global End Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.5.8 Verification of result using STAAD . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2 Beam Analysis 11
2.1 Member Stiffness Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.2 Member Fixed End forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.4.1 Member Stiffness Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4.2 Null Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4.3 Generating Structure Stiffness Matrix . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4.4 Code for Generating Structure Stiffness Matrix . . . . 15
2.4.6 Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.4.7 Member End Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5 Beam Analysis applied to Frame without Sway . . . . . . . . . 20
2.5.1 Example using SMATH and STAAD . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.6 Beam Analysis applied to Frame with Sway . . . . . . . . . . 30
iv CONTENTS
2.6.1 Example using SMATH and STAAD . . . . . . . . . . 30
3 Plane Frame Analysis 39

3.2 Coordinate Transformation Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3.3 Global Stiffness Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3.5.1 Member Global Stiffness Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.5.2 Null Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.5.3 Generating S Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.5.4 Code for Generating Structure Stiffness Matrix . . . . 44
3.5.6 Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.5.7 Member Global End Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4 Space Truss Analysis 51

4.1 Global Stiffness Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4.3 SMATH code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
4.4.1 Generated Global K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
4.4.2 Null Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4.4.4 Code for generating S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
4.4.5 S matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.4.6 Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
4.4.7 Global End Forces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
4.4.8 Verification using STAAD result . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5 Space Frame Analysis 63

5.2 Coordinate Transformation Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.3 Member Global Stiffness Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.5.1 Generated Global K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
5.5.2 Null Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
5.5.4 Code for generating S . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
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CONTENTS v
5.5.5 S matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
5.5.6 Displacements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5.5.7 Verification using STAAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
vi CONTENTS
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Chapter 1
Plane Truss Analysis
1.1 Member Local Stiffness Matrix
1.2 Coordinate Transformation
Figure 1.1: dfsfasf

2 CHAPTER 1. PLANE TRUSS ANALYSIS
1.3 Member Global Stiffness Matrix
Figure 1.2:
Figure 1.3:
Figure 1.4:
Figure 1.5:
1.4 Structure Stiffness Matrix

Image below shows the procedure of generating S matrix from the previously
computed K matrix of each members.
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1.5. EXAMPLE USING SMATH AND STAAD 3
Figure 1.6:
1.5 Example using SMATH and STAAD
Figure 1.7:
Figure 1.8:
Figure 1.9:
1.5.1 Member Global K matrix
Figure 1.10:
1.5.2 Null Matrix
Figure 1.11:
1.5.3 Generating S matrix

We need ”bu” matrix which corresponds to the address of coefficients from
each K matrix, required to generate the S matrix . The ”bb” matrix is the
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destination of each ”bu” element to the S matrix.
Figure 1.12:
1.5.4 Code for Generating Structure Stiffness matrix
Figure 1.13:
Figure 1.14:
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Figure 1.15:
1.5.5 Structure Stiffness Matrix
Figure 1.16:
1.5.6 Displacements
Figure 1.17:
1.5.7 Member Global End Forces
Figure 1.18:
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1.5.8 Verification of result using STAAD
Figure 1.19:
Figure 1.20:
Figure 1.21:
Figure 1.22:
Figure 1.23:
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Chapter 2
Beam Analysis
2.1 Member Stiffness Matrix
Figure 2.1:
2.2 Member Fixed End forces
Figure 2.2:
Figure 2.3:
12 CHAPTER 2. BEAM ANALYSIS
Figure 2.4:
Figure 2.5:
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Figure 2.6:
Figure 2.7:
Figure 2.8:
2.4.1 Member Stiffness Matrix
Figure 2.9:
2.4.2 Null Matrix
Figure 2.10:
2.4.3 Generating Structure Stiffness Matrix

Figure 2.11:
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2.4.4 Code for Generating Structure Stiffness Matrix
Figure 2.12:
Figure 2.13:
Figure 2.14:
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2.4.6 Displacements
Figure 2.15:
2.4.7 Member End Forces
Figure 2.16:
Figure 2.17:
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Figure 2.18:
Figure 2.19:
Figure 2.20:
Figure 2.21:
2.5 Beam Analysis applied to Frame without

Sway
We can analyze frame with sway using Beam Stiffness matrix as an approx-
imate analysis of building frame. This is done since we assume that axial
deformation of buildings are generally much smaller than the bending de-
formation of beams and columns especially in concrete framed structure.No
sidesway happens when the frame and loading are both symmetrical and
there is support resisting lateral loads.
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2.5. BEAM ANALYSIS APPLIED TO FRAME WITHOUT SWAY 21
2.5.1 Example using SMATH and STAAD
Figure 2.22:
Given parameters input in SMATH code
Figure 2.23:
Member local stiffness matrix
Figure 2.24:
Coordinate Transformation
Figure 2.25:
Member Global Stiffness matrix
Generated global K for each member.
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Figure 2.26:
Generating Structure Stiffness Matrix
The code below computes for structure stiffness matrix S from the previously
obtained global member K.
Figure 2.27:
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Figure 2.28:
Figure 2.29: Structure Stiffness Matrix
Displacements
Displacements are obtained by inverting matrix S and multiplying with load

vector.
Figure 2.30:
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Member End Forces
Code below computes member end forces. Member fixed end forces are re-
quired to compute local end forces.
Figure 2.31:
Verification of Result using STAAD
Figure 2.32:
Figure 2.33:
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Figure 2.34:
Figure 2.35:
Figure 2.36:
Figure 2.37:
2.6 Beam Analysis applied to Frame with Sway

Sway frame occurs when theres no support resisting lateral loads or the
loading and frame are unsymmetrical.
2.6.1 Example using SMATH and STAAD
Figure 2.38:
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2.6. BEAM ANALYSIS APPLIED TO FRAME WITH SWAY 31
Figure 2.39:
Member Stiffness Matrix
Figure 2.40:
Figure 2.41:
Coordinate Transformation
Figure 2.42:
Global Member Stiffness Matrix
Figure 2.43:
Null Matrix
Figure 2.44:
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Code for Generating Structure Stiffness Matrix
Figure 2.45:
Figure 2.46:
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Structure Stiffness Matrix
Figure 2.47:
Displacements
Figure 2.48:
Member End Forces
Figure 2.49:
Verification of Result using STAAD
Figure 2.50:
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Figure 2.51:
Figure 2.52:
Figure 2.53:
Figure 2.54:
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Chapter 3
Plane Frame Analysis
Figure 3.1: Local K matrix
3.2 Coordinate Transformation Matrix
Figure 3.2: Transformation Matrix

40 CHAPTER 3. PLANE FRAME ANALYSIS
3.3 Global Stiffness Matrix
Use the formula below to get the member global stiffness matrix similar to
trusses and beams.
Figure 3.3: Global K formula
Figure 3.4: Global Stiffness Matrix
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Figure 3.5:
Figure 3.6:
The given parameters are defined in the following column matrix below. The
”L” matrix lists the length of each members. E is the modulus elasticity, ”I”
inertia of strong axis, ”th” lists the inclination of members 1 and 2 respec-
tively and ”A” are the areas of each bar in mm2
Figure 3.7:
Figure 3.8:
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Figure 3.9:
3.5.1 Member Global Stiffness Matrix
Below is a generated Global K matrix for member 1.
Figure 3.10:
3.5.2 Null Matrix
You should define a null matrix with size corresponding to the number of
unknown displacements. Our structure has 4 unknown displacements, thus,
null matrix is 4 x 4.
Figure 3.11: Null Matrix as defined by user
3.5.3 Generating S Matrix

Figure 3.12: bu and bb parameters required to generate S matrix
3.5.4 Code for Generating Structure Stiffness Matrix

Image below shows the procedure of generating S matrix.
Figure 3.13:
The figure above is implemented using the code below.
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Figure 3.14: Computation of S Matrix

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The resulting Structure stiffness matrix is a square and symmetric matrix as
expected.
Figure 3.17: Structure Stiffness Matrix
3.5.6 Displacements
Once S matrix is obtained, displacements are computed by inverting S and
multiplying with load vector.
Figure 3.18: Computation of Global Displacements
3.5.7 Member Global End Forces

Global end forces computation as shown below requires ”Qf” matrices calcu-
lated as fixed end forces per member.
F1 and F2 matrix includes the reactions of the structure which corresponds
to node numbers 1,2,3 at member 1 and 4,5 at member 2.
Figure 3.19: Code to Compute Member global end forces
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Figure 3.20: Geometry with Node Coordinates
Figure 3.21: Property Assignment

Figure 3.22: Load Application
Figure 3.23: Node Displacements
Figure 3.24: Nodal Reactions
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Chapter 4
Space Truss Analysis
4.1 Global Stiffness Matrix
The global stiffness matrix of truss element in space
Figure 4.1:
52 CHAPTER 4. SPACE TRUSS ANALYSIS
Figure 4.2:
4.3 SMATH code
Implementation of global stiffness matrix of single element in SMATH is be-

low for a four member truss
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4.3. SMATH CODE 53
Figure 4.3:
Figure 4.4:
Member numbers and dof numbers shown below
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Figure 4.5:
The given parameters are defined in the following column matrix below.
The ”L” matrix lists the lengths of each members. E2 is the modulus elastic-
ity, ”thx” the θxs in radian, ”thy” the θys in radian, ”thz” the θzs in radian
and ”A” are the areas of each bar in mm2
Figure 4.6:
4.4.1 Generated Global K

Below is sample generated global K for member 1.
Figure 4.7:
4.4.2 Null Matrix

We need to set a null matrix having the same size of our ”S” matrix. S
matrix is 3 x 3 as observed in the figure.
Figure 4.8:

Figure 4.9:
Image below shows a sample of how you generate S from given K matrix.
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Figure 4.10:
For our structure, sample K1 and K3 matrix and S matrix shown below:
Figure 4.11:
4.4.4 Code for generating S
Figure 4.12:
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Figure 4.13:
4.4.5 S matrix
Figure 4.14:
4.4.6 Displacements
using matrix inversion of S matrix and multiplying with load vector, the
displacements are computed.
Figure 4.15:
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4.4.7 Global End Forces
Figure 4.16:
4.4.8 Verification using STAAD result

The problem must be verified using staad to determine if the smath code is
running correctly.
Figure 4.17:
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Chapter 5
Space Frame Analysis
Figure 5.1:
64 CHAPTER 5. SPACE FRAME ANALYSIS
5.2 Coordinate Transformation Matrix
Figure 5.2:
wherein
Figure 5.3:
5.3 Member Global Stiffness Matrix

Use the formula below to get the member global stiffness matrix similar to
trusses and beams.
Figure 5.4:
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5.4. STRUCTURE STIFFNESS MATRIX 65
Figure 5.5:
Figure 5.6:
Figure 5.7:
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Figure 5.8:
The given parameters are defined in the following column matrix below. The
”L” matrix lists the length of each members. E2 is the modulus elasticity,
’G” are the modulus of rigidity of member, ”Iz” inertia of strong axis, ”Iy”
inertia of weak axis, ”J” are the polar moment of inertia and ”A” are the
areas of each bar in mm2
Figure 5.9:
Code to generate local stiffness matrix of each member.

Figure 5.10:
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Figure 5.11:
5.5.1 Generated Global K
Figure 5.12:
5.5.2 Null Matrix
Figure 5.13:

Figure 5.14:
Below matrices are the coordinate transformation matrix of each element

required to generate global K of member.
Figure 5.15:
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Figure 5.16:
This is the implementation of formula to generate global K from local K

and corresponding T transformation matrix.
Figure 5.17:
5.5.4 Code for generating S
Figure 5.18:
5.5.5 S matrix
Figure 5.19:
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5.5.6 Displacements
Figure 5.20:
Figure 5.21:
5.5.7 Verification using STAAD

Image below shows almost the same result of STAAD with the SMath code
we used.
Figure 5.22:
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Figure 5.23:
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ADVANCED STRUCTURAL

ANALYSIS USING STAAD AND

Engr. Juan Paulo L. Bersamina, Msce

1 Plane Truss Analysis 1

2.6.1 Example using SMATH and STAAD . . . . . . . . . . 30

3 Plane Frame Analysis 39

4 Space Truss Analysis 51

5 Space Frame Analysis 63

Plane Truss Analysis

1.1 Member Local Stiffness Matrix

1.2 Coordinate Transformation

Figure 1.1: dfsfasf

1.3 Member Global Stiffness Matrix

1.4 Structure Stiffness Matrix

1.5 Example using SMATH and STAAD

1.5.1 Member Global K matrix

1.5.2 Null Matrix

1.5.3 Generating S matrix

destination of each ”bu” element to the S matrix.

1.5.4 Code for Generating Structure Stiffness matrix

1.5.5 Structure Stiffness Matrix

1.5.7 Member Global End Forces

1.5.8 Verification of result using STAAD

2.1 Member Stiffness Matrix

2.2 Member Fixed End forces

2.3 Structure Stiffness Matrix

2.4 Example using SMATH and STAAD

2.4.1 Member Stiffness Matrix

2.4.2 Null Matrix

2.4.3 Generating Structure Stiffness Matrix

We need ”bu” matrix which corresponds to the address of coefficients from

2.4.4 Code for Generating Structure Stiffness Matrix

2.4.5 Structure Stiffness Matrix

2.4.7 Member End Forces

2.4.8 Verification of result using STAAD

2.5 Beam Analysis applied to Frame without

2.5.1 Example using SMATH and STAAD

Given parameters input in SMATH code

Member local stiffness matrix

Member Global Stiffness matrix

Generated global K for each member.

Generating Structure Stiffness Matrix

Figure 2.29: Structure Stiffness Matrix

Displacements are obtained by inverting matrix S and multiplying with load

Member End Forces

Verification of Result using STAAD

2.6 Beam Analysis applied to Frame with Sway

2.6.1 Example using SMATH and STAAD

Member Stiffness Matrix

Global Member Stiffness Matrix

Code for Generating Structure Stiffness Matrix

Structure Stiffness Matrix

Member End Forces

Verification of Result using STAAD

Plane Frame Analysis

3.1 Member Local Stiffness Matrix

Figure 3.1: Local K matrix

3.2 Coordinate Transformation Matrix

Figure 3.2: Transformation Matrix

3.3 Global Stiffness Matrix

Figure 3.3: Global K formula

Figure 3.4: Global Stiffness Matrix

3.4 Structure Stiffness Matrix