Application Note

AN 0080

MilkoScreen™
Raw Milk Calibrations
Fat, Solid Non Fat (SNF), Protein

The milk application for MilkoScreen™ is

designed for determination of the main
constituents in raw untreated cow and buffalo
milk in India.
Fat, Solid Non Fat (SNF), and protein are
important quality parameters in milk and can be
used for ensuring a fair payment throughout the
milk supply chain.
The fat, SNF, and protein calibrations for
MilkoScreen™ have been desensitized towards
some of the most common adulterants
encountered in India: urea, melamine,
ammonium sulphate, sucrose, and salt. Hence,
the fat, SNF, and protein results are unaffected
by the presence of these compounds and
therefore encourages the production of pure
unadulterated milk.
This Application Note evaluates the
performance of the prediction model package
version 1.3.0.

Customer Support, 6006 1052 / Rev. 1 1(5)

Calibration samples
The properties of the calibration samples are shown in Table 1. The calibration samples were
collected in India, Italy, and Denmark and include raw cow, buffalo, as well as mixed milk.

Constituent Unit Number of Samples Min Max

Fat % 1034 1.9 12.5

SNF % 1034 8.0 11.8

Protein % 1034 2.5 6.1

Table 1 Overview of the calibration data

Performance Validation
The calibrations are validated using an independent test set, i.e. with data which was not used in the
calibration model. The values in the Table 2 are illustrative of typical instrument performance.

Constituent Number of Min Max Acc Rep

Samples

Fat 65 1.9 12.2 0.08 0.02

SNF 65 8.2 11.1 0.13 0.06

Protein 65 2.8 5.2 0.06 0.03

Table 2 Validated accuracy and repeatability
The accuracy, Acc, is expressed as the Standard Error of Prediction (SEP). The repeatability, Rep,
is the repeatability expressed as the pooled standard deviation of replicates.
A local slope and intercept adjustment should be expected in order to optimize the performance of
the calibrations against the local reference methods. The calculation of the slope and intercept
correction is critical and must be performed according to the guidelines in IDF141C/ISO9622,
using samples spanning the full range of fat, SNF and protein. 50 samples are recommended.
Note:
Accuracy of individual sample sets will depend on sample handling,
reference method, range, and the presence of adulterants. For example, the
accuracy for the fat validation will be better if the reference method is
based on Röse-Gottlieb compared to a Gerber method. Furthermore,
reference methods do not handle added adulterants well, so potentially
adulterated samples must be avoided for performance testing. The
performance example outlined in this note should only be regarded as a
guideline for the expected performance of new installations. The
performance of new installations will always depend on the uniformity of
the sample preparation and the homogeneity of the milk, as well as the
reproducibility of the reference method used to verify the performance.

Graphs
The performance obtained is also shown in the plots below. The plots show the reference results
plotted against the MilkoScreen™ results and this shows the correlation between the actual and
predicted valued for the validation samples.

Customer Support, 6006 1052 / Rev. 1 2(5)

 Fat validation

12

10

Fat (Reference)
8

2 4 6 8 10 12
Fat (MilkoScreenTM)

SNF validation
11.5

11

10.5
SNF (Reference)

10

9.5

8.5

8
8 8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5
SNF (MilkoScreenTM)

Protein validation
5.5

5
Protein (Reference)

4.5

3.5

3
3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5
Protein (MilkoScreenTM)

Fig. 1

Customer Support, 6006 1052 / Rev. 1 3(5)

Robustness Towards Adulterants
The calibrations for MilkoScreen™ have been desensitized towards the most common adulterants
encountered in India. To confirm the robustness of the calibrations when adulterants are added a
number of cow and buffalo samples were measured in their pure form as well as with various levels
of adulterants added.
The plots below show the deviations of the results for adulterated samples from the result obtained
from the pure unadulterated sample.
Adulterant robustness of fat Adulterant robustness of SNF
0.5 0.5
Urea Urea
0.4 Melamine 0.4 Melamine
Ammonium sulphate Ammonium sulphate

Deviation in MilkoScreenTM SNF result

0.3 0.3
Deviation in MilkoScreenTM fat result

Sucrose Sucrose
Salt Salt
0.2 0.2

0.1 0.1

0 0

-0.1 -0.1

-0.2 -0.2

-0.3 -0.3

-0.4 -0.4

-0.5 -0.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Added amount of adulterant (%) Added amount of adulterant (%)

Adulterant robustness of protein

0.5
Urea
0.4 Melamine
Ammonium sulphate
Deviation in MilkoScreenTM protein result

0.3
Sucrose
Salt
0.2

0.1

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3

-0.4

-0.5
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Added amount of adulterant (%)

Fig. 2

Note:
Some other adulterants may influence the results for fat, SNF, and protein.
The effect is, however, significantly less than for other methods used for
testing milk, including the reference methods.

Customer Support, 6006 1052 / Rev. 1 4(5)

Sample Preparation
Mixing
Mixing of the sample is always required and has to be made in a gentle manner, such as inverting
the container a number of times. Ten times is recommended. Larger open top containers shall be
mixed by stirring with a stirring rod or swirling motion of the sample.

Heating
Heating of fresh unchilled raw milk samples is not required. Refrigerated samples must be heated
to 40 ºC prior to analysis in order to mix the fat into the sample. Failure to heat the sample will lead
to poor repeatability and accuracy of the measurements.

Licenses
The MilkoScreen™ instrument that leaves the factory, offers the user a basic functionality: It
comes loaded with the newest parameter prediction model package and can measure fat and SNF
without license.
The instrument can be upgraded to measure protein, detect adulterants and abnormal milk samples.
In order to upgrade the instrument, a license key must be purchased from IndiFOSS. The following
table summarizes the upgrade options:

Prediction model Free Requires License Part Number

Fat X 60059377

SNF X 60059377

Protein X 60059379
Table 3
Updates or enhancements of the calibrations are provided at no additional cost.

Reference Methods and Units

These traditional reference chemistry methods were used for analysis of the validation samples.
The sampling methods are in accordance with IDF50/ISO707: "Milk and milk products - Guidance
on sampling".

Constituent Unit Reference Method Standards

Fat % Röse-Gottlieb IDF1/ISO1211

SNF % Total solids minus fat IDF1/ISO1211

IDF21/ISO6731
Protein % Kjeldahl IDF20/ISO8968
Table 4 Reference methods

Dedicated Analytical Solutions

IndiFOSS Analytical Private Limited Tel +91-79 - 40054705 / 06
F -1, 2, 3 Science Square, Above Reliance Fresh, Fax +91-79 - 40054707
Science City Road, Ahmedabd - 380061 E-mail info@indifoss.com
India Web www.indifoss.com

Customer Support, 6006 1052 / Rev. 1 5(5)