Anderson Junior College

2012 JC2 H2 Maths

SUMMARY WORKSHEET: Introduction to Complex Numbers

Instruction:
Please log on to IVLE to view the two e-lectures on Complex Numbers before attempting this
worksheet. You can always refer to the e-lectures for clarification when you encounter any difficulty
in completing this worksheet. Remember to do the Assignment on Complex Numbers after you
have completed this worksheet.

1. i  1 and i 2  1 .
Express the following in terms of i .

9
4  ________ ,   __________
25
2. Useful results: i 2  1, i 3  i and i 4  1 .
Simplify the following:
i8  _______ , i 27  ______ , i102  ______

3. If a complex number z is given by z  3  5i ,

Real part of z  Re( z )  ____________

Imaginary part of z  Im( z )  ____________

4. A real number x is also a complex number. x  x  0i, x  R

2  3i 2
i R3
3

5. Equality of complex numbers : x1  y1i  x2  y2i  x1  x2 , y1  y2

a  3i  5  bi  a  _______ , b  _________

6. Addition of complex numbers :  x1  y1i    x2  y2i    x1  x2    y1  y2  i

7. Subtraction of complex numbers :  x1  y1i    x2  y2i    x1  x2    y1  y2  i

8. Multiplication of complex numbers :  x1  y1i    x2  y2i    x1x2  y1 y2    x1 y2  x2 y1  i

 2  3i   4  i   2   4   2  i   3i   4    3i   i You can use GC to

(i) work out the product.
 5  14i
(ii)  3 i  
5 i  3   
5 i i 
5i  5 3 5 i  
(iii)  a  i  3  b i  ( )+( )i
1
9. Conjugate ( z * or z ) of a complex number z :
If z  x  yi then z*  x  yi and z  z*  x 2  y 2 which is a real number
(a)  2  3i  *  ____________ (c)  5  *  ___________

(b)  3i  *  _______________ (d)  2  3i    2  3i  *  ___________

10. Division of complex numbers :

x1  y1i
To express in the form of x  yi , multiply both the numerator and denominator by
x2  y2i
the conjugate of x2  y2i You can use GC to
1  2i 1  2i 2  i work out the quotient
(a) =  = __________________
2i 2i 2i

11. Simultaneous equations involving complex numbers :

 w   1  i  z  2  i    (1)

 2iw  z  4  i    (2)

6  5i You can use GC to

Taking (1)  (2i)  (2) to eliminate w , we get z  check your answer
3  2i
28 3
Next, we by rationalising the denominator, we obtain z   i
13 13
Substituting the above into equation (1), we will be able to obtain w .

12. Argand Diagram: Geometrical representation of complex numbers

Let z  x  yi, z*  x  yi,  z   x  yi

y 

 

13. Addition of complex numbers using an Argand diagram

y Note :
 OPRQ forms a parallelogram

O x

2
14. Subtraction of complex numbers using an Argand diagram
y

 

O x
OPSR forms a parallelogram


Locate the points representing the complex numbers (i) z1*, (ii) (z1+z2) and (iii) (z1- z2) in the
diagram below:
y


x
O


15. Modulus of a complex number

z  x 2  y 2 = length OP y 

O x

(i) 3i  ____________, (ii) 1  9i  _____________.

16. Argument of a complex number

If the point P represents the complex number z, then arg(z) =  = angle OP makes with the
positive x-axis.
  arg( z )  
y
y y y
O
x
  O x
 



O
x
O
x 

P is in 1st quad. P is in 2nd quad. P is in 3rd quad. P is in 4th quad.

arg(2+i) = _________ arg (-2-i) = __________ arg (-2+i) = ___________

arg (i) = __________ arg (2) = ___________ arg (-4i ) = ___________

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 Some properties of modulus and argument of a complex number
Important: you need
a. z  z to find out why.
b. arg( z )   arg( z )
c. arg( z )    arg( z )

17. Different forms of writing a complex number :

y 
Let r  z and arg(z) = 
z = x + yi r r sin 

= (r cos  ) + (r sin  )i
x
 r  cos   i sin  
r cos 

 x  yi (Cartesian)

z  r (cos   i sin  ) ( Polar ) Modulus  arg ument
rei ( Polar ) Exponential


z = 2 - 2i can be written as
       
z  8 cos     i sin     or i  

  4  4  z  8e  4

Express the following complex numbers in polar form:

z1  2i
(a)
 ( ) cos    i sin     ( )ei ( )  Qz2  Pz1

z2  4  2i
(b)
 ( ) cos    i sin     ( )e i ( )

z3  3  3i  Rz3
(c)
 ( ) cos    i sin     ( )e i ( )

18. Some useful trigonometric identities to use when finding arguments:

a) Special angles :
Angle 0 30 450 600 900 1800
  
( rad   ( rad
(0 rad) 6 ( rad) ( rad) 2 (  rad)
4 3
) )
1 2 3
sin  0 2 2 2 1 0
3 2 1
cos  1 2 2 2 0 -1

b) Negative angles
sin(  )   sin 
cos(  )  cos 