75introduction To Transistor

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1 Introduction to Transistor
1.1 Anatomy of Transistor. ( Transistors )
Three layers of semiconductor transistors coupled together to form two connections
PN junction, if the order transplant PNP Transistor It is easy, if
Order coupled NPN transistors we are backward. terms of structure
Diode Transistor equivalent of two opposite game.
Transistor Structure
Three semiconductor layers are connected to the three terminals, middleware called
is the original ultra denoted B (Base), very thin layer of semiconductor B and concentration
low impurities.
Two external semiconductor layer is connected to the emitter ( Last uploaded Schematics
Emitter), abbreviated as E, and drain or collector (Collector)
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We grant a onedimensional power poles U CE in C and E in which (+) positive input C and () pole sources into E.
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When the switch opens, we find that, although the poles C and E
Power was still no current flows through the hub CE (at
This line I C = 0)
When the switch is closed, bondbiased PN is therefore a current flows from the (+) source through switch U BE => through R
limit line => via bond BE Pole () form the first line B
Even when the current I B appears => immediately also runs through the focal line I CE C bulb glowing, and strong C line
many times I line I B
So obviously I C line completely dependent on the current I B and depend upon a formula.
I C = β.I B
Where I C is the line running through the hub CE
I B is the line that runs through each tank
β is the gain of the transistor
Explanation: When a voltage U CE, but the electrons and holes can not pass connections PN junction to form an electric
current, the appearance of lines I BE
by P in polar semiconductor layer is very thin and the concentration Bdoped low, so some
free electrons from the semiconductor layer N (pole E) pass adjacent to the layer
Semiconductor P (pole B) is greater than the number of holes a lot, a fraction
Some of the electronics which replaced the first line of holes forming the majority of B e C pulled towards the poles under the
effect of voltage U CE => forming line I run through Transistor CE.
* Considering the operation of the PNP Transistor.
The operation of the PNP Transistor Transistor NPN quite similar but the polarity of the power source U CE and U BE
backwards. I C line from E to C also stream I go from E to B. B
2 Symbols and shape of the Transistor
2.1 Symbols & Transistor shape.
Symbols of the Transistor
Transistor Transistor capacity of smalllarge
2.2 The symbol (on the body Transistor)
*
Currently on the market there are many types of water production Transistor
but the most commonly used manufacturing transistors of Japan, the US and China
country.
Transistor Japan: usually denoted by A ..., B ..., C ..., D ... For example, A564, B733, C828, D1555
in which the transistors denoted by A and B are conveniently PNP Transistor longer
denoted C and D is the reverse NPN transistor. these
Transistor A and C generally have a small capacity and high working frequencies
Transistor B and D also often have large capacity and frequency of work
lower.
US manufacturing transistors. usually denoted 2N ... eg 2N3055, 2N4073 etc ...
Transistor produced by China:
Start with the number 3, followed by two letters. Said most informal letters
bulbs: Letters A and B is conveniently ball, letters C and D are bòng contrary, letters
said Monday characteristics: X and P is bòng tone frequency, A and G are high gloss
new. The digits in order after only product. Example: 3CP25,
3AP20 etc. ..
2.3 How to identify a foot E, B, C of the transistor.
With all kinds of small transistors, the order of legs C and B, depending on the country and cut out the ball, but the left leg
if E always let Transistor as shown below
If the Japanese production due Transistor: Transistor eg C828, A564, the C in the middle leg, the right leg B.
If China is producing the transistor B leg in the middle, on the right foot C.
However, some clones, the transistors are produced
not in this order => for exact measurements we use
by multimeter.
Small transistors.
With large capacity type Transistor (as shown below), the most common are the order of the leg: the left is positive B, C in
the middle of the extreme right is extreme and E.
Transistor larger capacity normally
Ordered feet above.
* Measure B and C define leg
With the small transistors, the conventional vacuum E
so my left foot B only identified and inferred C leg is leg
again.
To watch x1Ω ladders, fixed a probe into each
legs, the legs move to the other rod rest, if several needles up =
the legs are fixed rod B is true, if the clock fixed rod rod
Transistor vice black cumin, fennel Transistor is red sticks upon ..
3. Test Method Transistor
Transistor
when operations could damage due to many reasons, such as damage due to heat
, humidity, thus increasing the voltage source or the quality of the self
Transistor, Transistor test to make sure their structures.
Anatomy of Transistor
Check reverse NPN transistor analog test
General game two polar diode anode, common is B positive, if measured from B to C
and B to E (black rod in B), the equivalent of two diode measurements upon
pm => needle up, all other metal cases not measured up.
Check similar PNP Transistor test agreement
General game two polar diode Katot, pole B common is the transistor, if
measured from B to C and B to E (red rods in B), are equivalent as measured two
positive diode => needle up, all other meter needle case
not up.
Contrary to the above is broken Transistor.
Transistor can be damaged in the case.
* Measured from B to E positively or from B to C => needle
not to the transistor off or broken BE BC
* Measure E from B to B to C, or from both directions on the needle or probe is shortBE or BC.
* Measured between C and E needles up to be shortCE.
* The illustrations as measured test transistors.
Transistor measurements indicate better.
Illustration measurements on: First look at
I know Transistor symbols on the ball down, and the
Transistor legs ECB respectively (based on the name Transistor). <reviewing the identified legs Transistor>
Step 1: Prepare the meter to clock in an elevator x1Ω
Step 2 and Step 3: Measure the positive BE and BC => needle up.
Step 4 and Step 5: Measure opposite BE and BC => needles up.
Step 6: Measure between C and E needles up
=> Football well.

Transistor measurements indicate a short, BE
Step 1: Prepare.
Step 2: Measure the needle upon between B and E = 0 Ω up
Step 3: Measure the needle backwards between B and E = 0 Ω up
=> Football convolution BE

Measurements indicate broken ball BE
Step 1: Prepare.
Steps 2 and 3: Measure both directions between B and E needles up.
=> Football definitive BE

Measurements showed that the ball was shortCE
Step 1: Prepare.
Step 2 and 4: Measure both directions between C and E needles up = 0 Ω
=> Football convolution CE
Where measured between C and E metal detectors up a bit as CE.
4 The specifications of the Transistor
4.1 The technical specifications of the Transistor
Maximum currents: As the electric current of the transistor limits, overcome this limitation Transistor line will be damaged.
Maximum voltage: The voltage of the transistor limits placed on poles CE, pass transistor voltage limits will be breached.
Tons of cut: As the frequency limits of normal working transistor, this frequency has reached the level of the transistor
amplifier is reduced.
The gain: A conversion ratio of line I CE How many times larger than the line I BE
Maximum capacity: When operating a manufacturing Transistor dissipation P = U CE. I CE if capacity exceeds the maximum
capacity of the transistor, the transistor will be damaged.
4.2 Some special Transistor.
* Transistor number (Digital Transistor): Transistor Transistor numbers composed as often but foot B is fighting to add a
resistor few dozen k
Some commonly used Transistor
circuits used in switches, logic circuits, control circuits, when active
it may take action directly 5V voltage command to control the leg B
light breaks open.
Transistor illustration of Digital Applications
* Symbol: Transistor
Digital signatures are often DTA ... (amaranth agreement),
DTC ... (reverse lights), KRC ... (reverse lights) KRA ... (lamps
agreement), RN12 ... (reverse lights), RN22 ... (light through), UN ...., KSR ...
. Example: DTA132, DTC 124 etc ...
* Transistor capacity lines (horizontal capacity)
Transistor large capacity
commonly known as oysters. Rows, this oyster resource designed vv..cac
to control the highvoltage transformer pulse source or activity, we
often have high operating voltage and withstand large flow.
The public oyster production line (color television) often play more diode
padded poles in parallel with CE.
Scallop capacity lines in color television
5 Polarized for Transistor
5.1 Power supply for Transistor (Vcc supply voltage)
To use a transistor in the circuit we need to grant
giving it a power source, depending on the purpose of using that power is granted
Transistor directly or through resistors, coils v v ... Source
Vcc power for conventional transistor is a source of extreme levels for CE.
Transistor Vcc power supply for vice and upon
It was found that: If the NPN transistor is in contrast to the positive supply Vcc (+), if the Vcc PNP Transistor is a source upon
negative ()
5.2 The bias (polarity) for Transistor.
* The disasters: the level
a power source in the leg B (over or bias) to put transistors on
state of operational readiness, ready to amplify signals
though small.
* Why Transistor its bias for new ready?: To understand this let us consider two diagrams above:
Above are two circuits using transistors to amplify
signal, a vacuum circuit B is not bias and a vacuum circuit B
bias through RDT.
The signal source is usually included in the marginal gain
very small (from 0,05V to 0,5V) when inserted into the foot B (no lights
bias) the signals are not enough to create the first line BE (PN bond characteristics must have the line running through the
new 0,6V) => so there is no line I CE => = 0V pressure drop across Rg and C = output voltage Vcc pins
In diagram 2, transistors RDT bias => I BE flows, putting small signals in the leg B => make the line I BE increase or decrease
=> also line I CE
increases or decreases, pressure drop across Rg also changed => and outputs
we obtain an analog input signal amplitude but larger.
=> Conclusion: The natural (or polarization) means creating an electric current I BE initially, an initial pressure drop across
Rg so that when there is a weak signal source into the pole B, the first line will increase or decrease BE => line I CE also
increase or decrease => leads to pressure drop across Rg also increase or decrease => and this pressure drop is a signal
we need to get out.
5.3 Some other mach bias.
* Bias circuit uses two different power sources.
Bias circuit uses two different power sources
* Mach bias resistor potentiometer
To be able to amplify the signal sources are different strengths and weaknesses, then
bias circuit is often used to add resistance potentiometer RPA play from B down
Mass.
Bias circuit resistor potentiometer RPA
* Bias circuit with feedback.
Leaves
resistor bias circuit from the output match (positive C) to the input (pole B)
This circuit works by increasing stability for the operation amplifier circuit.
Source: hocnghe.com.vn
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