Acknowledgement

We would like to take this opportunity to express our

wholeheartedly gratitude to all the people who help us to complete this
study.

First, to Almighty God for keep us safe throughout in making of this

study.

Second, to our adviser Mr. Shaun P. Yusingco and to our Research Advisor
Mr. Kit I. Luyas for guiding us to be able to accomplish this study.

Third, to the HUMSS 12 students for the honesty and cooperation who
have been the source of the data in this study.

Fourth, to our classmates and friends who have been motivate us

throughout in making this study.

Lastly, to our family who have been our great supporters and inspiration
to complete this requirements so that we can move on to the next stage
of learning. They always in our side to inspire and motivate us to reach
our dreams. We wish to extend our heartfelt thanks to our family because
without their moral and financial support, this study would be possible to
complete.
 Chapter I

Introduction

Background of the Study

The student has a very important task in everyday lives. As a

student, you need to fulfill all the possible tasks and responsibilities required.

Being on time or early in school is one of the tasks a student must practice.

Mostly students nowadays, makes tardiness as a habit. Due to this

characteristic, it affects the students’ school performance negatively. Tardiness

is one of the reasons why students commonly missed their school opening

activity. It is also one of the reasons why there are some teachers who were

destruct by the late students which affects the other students.

Tardiness is a big problem that needs enough time to eradicate

this kind of behaviour and change into positive one which is punctuality.

Punctuality is the antonym of tardiness in which it is doing something at the

planned time or early as it.

 Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the specifics reasons why a student make

tardiness as a habit and what could be the possible outcomes to those

students who have tardy habits. The results will serve as the basis in

formulating better ideas to avoid being tardy and help the student practice of

changing such habit and improving one’s self.

Objectives

Specifically, it seeks to answer the following question:

1. What are the factors affecting students’ tardiness?

2. What could be the effects of being tardy?

3. What are the possible ways to avoid being late?

4. What are the specific reasons why a student is late?

Significance of the study

This study seeks to find out the causes of being tardy of the student. Moreover,
this study is considered significant it will benefit the following:
Student. The student will become responsible and help themselves to attend
their class regularly and early.
Parent. This hopefully let the parents become aware of their child school
performance, inspired in motivating their children to manage tie and
suppress tardiness and serve as arole model to the students in terms of
discipline.
Teacher/Principal. They could help each other in implementing plan to help
student come to school early.
 Scope and limitations

Scope

This study focusses on the variables affecting the tardiness of the

student in Sta. Catalina national high school.

Limitations

This study focuses on a student’s tardy behavior. The researcher must

be responsible in having the respondents’ answer which must be reliable

enough to achieve better findings.The researchers rely on the truthfulness of

the respondents in every information they will give.

Definition of terms

Students. These are the individuals who are currently enrolled in the

school year 2019 - 2020

Tardiness/lateness. This is the habit being acquired by the students

which is a negative characteristic that make a student slow and not on time.

(HUMSS) Humanities and social science. This is an academic

strand/section inwhich the respondents belong.

Habit. Is a way in a respondents behave or the characteristic being

possess by the subject.

 Chapter II

Review of Related Literature

Breeze et.al. (2010) states that the synonyms of lateness is tardiness,

which suggest slow to act or slow to respond, or not meeting up properly on

time. Lauby (2009) defined tardiness when “people not showing up on time”.

Tardiness is one of the most frustrating problem that schools are having with

their students nowadays (Sprick& Daniels, 2007). As cited by Ligon& Jack

(n/d), “Excessive absence or tardiness was the third most common reason for

failure in Grade 1 to 12, with failure to make up work and lack of effort a

second tier of reported causes for failure”.

As noted by Kirby (2010), Dayton Daily News article “School Attendance

Tied to Academic success”, student attendance is one way to manifest their

school obligations. In such cases, a child depends on his/her parent’s ability to

help him/her to be on time. Their children to be punctual where, they can help

his/her child to pack their bags and prepared their clothes the night before

school. There are also some parents that used to drive their children to school,

so they need to remind and train theirselve to be punctual and responsible.

Student’s absenteeism and tardiness affects the school’s ability to provide

effective educational services, the achievements of consistently absent or late

students and disrupt the learning experiences of other children in the school

(Eldred,2016).

A study by Calderella, Christensen, Young & Densley (2011) found that

students who are frequently late to school often miss out important opening

announcement and academic activities. This study is basing on what could be

the possible result if a student is late. A single second of the time is very

important because as an individual we don’t know what could be the possible

things that could happen in the day. Teacher mostly get frustrated as disrupt

instruction, often requiring reteaching of what they missed. This is the negative

factors which affect the teachers span of time to teach what they have plan to

teach on that day. Having a tardy behavior can negatively affect the overall

classroom environment. Being late makes the students missed activities

especially those activities which involve social interaction and creating the

greater sense of estrangement from their classmates.

Gottfried (2004) states that if teachers respond to the educational needs

of late students by reallocating regular class time then other students are

advisedly affected and classroom instruction is slowed by this disruption. This

kind of situation leads unfairness to other students who use to go to school

early students entering the school day at abnormal time are potentially missing

a large number of cumulative hour, they had affected everyone and also

affected his/her own self for the reason of missing important activity which
negatively effect on the achievements of a student’s actions which hind

learning for other classmates.

Delonzor (2002) conducted a study and identified kinds of late people.

She had discovered three characters. These habits of the people identify and

describes the common characteristic of the person who is late or tardy. He

identifies them as the deadliners, producer, and the absent minded. The

deadliners are those people who have a habit of rushing art the last minute of

time. They are procrastinators’ individuals that needs to be encouraged first to

make a move where they waited for too long to begin and often having trouble

upon meeting the time frame. Next is the producers, these people attempt to do

too much in a little span or amount of time. They make themselves

unproductive and overloaded. Last is the absent-minded people, which this

kind of individuals are preoccupied. Those students always having a hard time

in getting from one place to another without stopping in between places.

A study by Oghuvbu (2008) reveals that female student have a higher

chance to be late than male students because of “their involvement in domestic

activities by their parents”. Female students nowadays have many task and

responsibility to take care of. Due to tiredness and stress also late in school.

The latest study of Santillano (2010) states that “personal traits including low
self-esteem and anxiety are features involved in generating tardiness”. Some of

his theorist also stated that tardiness is an “inborn quality” since being early or

late is partially biologically determined. Other experts also that there are some

people who’s “chronically tardy” because they are aware and obliviously get

good thing on it.

A study by Weade (2004) reveals that punctuality and attendance of the

students have a higher chance of a higher-grade points average or GPA. This

study also shows the consistency of punctuality and attendance of students,

which most students experiencing absences and tardy throughout the year.

She also reveals that gender is a non-factor of punctuality and attendance of

high school students.

However, a study by Pimentel &Quijada (2010) asked sixthy participants

if late-night use of Facebook affects tardiness. Three out of sixthy respondents

are always late, eight said that they are sometimes late, twelve said that they

are seldom, and thirty-seven said that they never get late due to late-night of

using Facebook.

Nakpodia and Dafiaghor (2011) found that going late to bed and walking

up late in the morning are the common causes or factor of being late. They also

added that film-watching at night may cause tardiness. The distance between

the student’s home and school location is also consider by Nakpodia and

Dafiagor as cause of tardiness, not just more time it takes to go to school, but

sometimes student is susceptible to more distractions and hindrances along

the way. In addition, parent’s commands and untimely task are also the reason

why student come late to school. Habitual tardiness or lateness can also get

from member of the family, especially to the older ones.

Sprick& Daniels (2007, p. 21) states that “students who are always

late are ignored by teacher to send them to the office. Another factor that could

affect the punctuality of a student is the lack of motivation. Oftentimes,

student who punctually go to school are not given any reward, so many

students late in coming to school for the reason of being on time in going to

school have no award to get. “Giving the student the impression that they won’t

be missing anything if they late” is another reason of tardiness. Lastly, crowded

hallway or pathway could create lateness or tardiness, because of blocking the

way can make student hard to pass through.

 Conceptual Framework

Laziness
(independent)

Habitual behavior
Tardiness
(independent)
(dependent)

Academic Performance
(dependent)

Woke up late in the

morning Absenteeism
(independent) (dependent)

The student house is far

from school
(independent)

The researcher are able to identify the factor of the problem which are

the independent factor (laziness, habitual behavior, late waking up in the

morning,and student house is far away from school) which reaults the dependent
 Chapter III

Methodology

Research Design

The researcher will used quantitative research. The researchers

will use structural interview that is composed of 14 questions provided by the

researchers. Since this study aims to find out the factors affecting the HUMSS

12 of SCNHS, the response of the respondents will be transcribed, analyzed

and interpreted by the researchers.

Research Environment

This case study will be conducted at Sta. Catalina National High

School in HUMSS - 12. The researchers will choose this school because the

respondents of this study are currently enrolled in this school.

Respondents and Sampling Procedure

The respondents of this study are the students from HUMSS 12 of

SCNHS. The researchers decided to use random sampling where 20 students

are taken in an survey that will answer the provided questionnaire in which the

result are transcribed and interpreted the researchers.

Instrument and Sources of Data

The researchers will conduct a survey with structured

questionnaire. The researchers will ask personally the respondent to get a fair

or researchable and reliable answer relating to the study.

 Data Collection Analysis

The researcher validated structure questions. The researcher will ask 20

students (sample) from HUMSS 12 0f SCNHS that will serve as the respondent

who will undergo survey where they will answer the 14 questions provided by

the researchers. Then researchers will conduct the interview personally to the

respondent with confidentiality to the data gathered from the respondent the

researchers will use a sheet of paper to write down the actual response of the

respondents which will be transcribed, analyzed and interpreted by the

researchers.
 CHAPTER IV

Presentation, interpretation, Analysis

This chapter presents the presentation, interpretation, and analysis of

the data.

Objective I: What are the factors affecting students’ tardiness?

Q1. How often are you late in a week?
Frequenc Percentag
y e
Once in a week 3 15%
Twice in a week 10 50%
Everyday 7 35%
Never 0 0%
Total 20 100%

Table 1 shows how often the respondents in Humanities and Social Sciences go

to school late where; 15% or 3 of the total respondents were late once in a

week, 50% or 10 students were late twice a week, 35% or 7 students were late

everyday and 0% are never late.

Q2. What are the factors that affects you from being tardy?
Frequency Percentage

Sleeping late 16 28.07%

Waking up late 16 28.07%

Distance from house to school 11 19.30%

Health Problems 3 5.26%

Financial Problem 2 3.51%

Transportation Problem 4 7.02%

Doing household chores 5 8.77%

Total 57 100%

Table II shows the factors that affect the HUMMS student from being

tardy were 28.07% or 16 of the total respondents were sleeping late,

another 28.07% or 16 of respondents has the factor of waking up late,

19.30% or 11 of the respondents were late because of the distance of the

house from the school, 5.26% or 3 students have health problems,

7.02% or 4 have transportation problem and 8.77% or 5 of the

respondent were doing household chores.

Objective II: What could be the effects of being tardy?

Table III: Being tardy affects school performance
Frequency Percentage
Yes 16 80%
No 4 20%
Total 20 100%

Table III shows off that 80% or 16 of the total respondents, answers yes, where;

being tardy affects the school performance and 20% or 4 of the total

respondents answered no.

 Table IV: Missed announcement because of being late
Frequency Percentage
Yes 17 85%
No 3 15%
Total 20 100%

Table IV presents the responses regarding to one of the effects of being tardy

where; 17 or 85% of the total respondents answered yes, agreeing that they

missed the school early announcement because of being late and 3 or 15%

answered no.

Table V: Experienced low grades because of not passing on time the

schoolwork/projects
Frequency Percentage
Yes 13 65%
No 7 35%
Total 20 100%

Table V shows that 65% or 13 of the total respondents answered yes, where the

respondents experienced low grades of not passing on time and 355 0r 7

answered no.

Table VI: Experienced being late in your class and has disturb the
class discussion
Frequency Percentage
Yes 11 55%
No 9 45%
Total 20 100%
Table VI shows that 55% or 11 of the total respondents experienced being late

in class and has disturb the class discussion and the remaining 45% or 7 of

the total respondents haven’t experience the said situation.

Table VII: Experienced some punishment due to being late

Frequency Percentage
Yes 8 40%
No 12 60%
Total 20 100%

Table VII illustrates that 8 or 40% of the total respondents experienced some

punishment due to being late and 12 or 60% respondents haven’t experienced

it.

Objective III: What are the possible ways to avoid of being late?
Table VIII: Waking up early and sleeping at night early helps you

avoid from being late.

Frequency Percentage
Yes 15 75%
No 0 0%
Maybe 5 25%
Total 20 100%

Table VIII shows that 75% of the total respondent answered yes where

they agrees that waking up early and sleeping early at night is one possible

way to avoid from being late, 0% of the respondents answered no, and 25% of

the total respondents answered maybe or they aren’t sure if those remedies

mentioned above can help them avoid from being late.

 Table IX. Time management should be practiced to avoid from being

late.

Frequency Percentage
Yes 19 95%
No 0 0%
Maybe 1 5%
Total 20 100%

Table IX. Presents the responses of the respondent regarding on one of

the possible ways to avoid being late which is practicing time management.

According to the data gathered, it has been found out that 19 out of 20

respondents or 95% agrees that practicing time management may helps them

to avoid being late, and 0% answered no, where the rest respondent which is 1

or 5% of the sample size answered maybe.

Objective IV: The specific reason why a student is late.

Table X. Intentionally going to school Late.

Frequency Percentage
Always 3 15%
Sometimes 14 70%
Never 3 15%
Total 20 100%

Table X. illustrates that 15% of the total respondent answered always,

agreeing to the statement that they intentionally go to school late, 70% of the

total respondent answered sometimes and 15% of them or 3 out of 20

respondents went to school late unintended.

Table XI. Have task to do at home before going to school.

Frequency Percentage
Always 6 30%
Sometimes 9 45%
Never 5 25%
Total 20 100%

Table XI. Presents the responses of the respondent in regards with one of

the specific reasons why they are late in going to school; one of the specific

reasons is they have things or task to do at home before going to the school.

According to the data gathered, it has been found out that 6 out of 20

respondents or 30% says that they had always have a task to do at home

before going to school, and 9 or 45% answered sometimes, where the rest

respondent which is 5 or 25% of the sample size doesn’t have a task to do at

home before going to school.

Table XII. Feel tired at school.

Frequency Percentage
Always 3 15%
Sometimes 15 75%
Never 2 10%
Total 20 100%
 Table XII. shows that 3 or 15% of the total respondents always feel tired

at school, 15 or 75% of the total number of the respondents answered

sometimes and 2 or 10% answered never.

Table XIII. Distance of the school from the house affects (the students)

from being late.

Frequency Percentage
Always 4 20%
Sometimes 13 65%
Never 3 15%
Total 20 100%
Table XIII. illustrates that 4 or 20% of the total respondents answered

‘always’ regarding on the situation about the distance of the school and their

homes affects a student from being late, 13 or 65% answered ‘sometimes’ and

3 or 15% of the total number of the respondents answered ‘never’.

Table XIV. Take a long time waking up in the morning.

Frequency Percentage
Always 6 30%
Sometimes 11 55%
Never 3 15%
Total 20 100%

Table XIV. presents the responses of the respondents on regards with the

given situation which is ‘they take a long time waking up in the morning’, as
one of the specific reasons why they were late in going to school. There are 6

out of 20 respondents or 30% answered with ‘always’, 11 or 65% answered

sometimes and 3 or 15% and ‘never’.

 Chapter V
Summary of the findings, conclusion and recommendation

This chapter presents the summary of the findings, conclusion, and

recommendation of the study.

Summary

The research has been conducted to determine the factors that can

affects tardiness of a student in senior high HUMSS 12. It aims to know the

specific reasons why a student makes tardiness as a habit and what could be

the possible outcomes to those students who have tardy habit. It aims to have

better ideas to avoid of being tardy. Lastly, it aims to find out the cause of

being tardy of the students.

The study used quantitative research. During the data gathering

procedure letters and questionnaire are distributed to the respondents during

the survey. Hence, the data or information gathered will be treated with the

confidentiality.

Findings

This part of the research presents the summary of the findings for the

survey conducted to the Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) 12.

Most of humanities and social sciences (HUMSS) 12 students are late

twice in a week when they go to school. Most of their reasons why they are late
are sleeping late, waking up late in the morning, distance of house from the

school, health problems, financial problem, transportation problem, and doing

household chores were, 28.07% of the total respondent says that sleeping late

at night affects them from being late, 28.07% of the them believes that waking

up late affects them from being late, 19.30% are believes that the distance of

their house is far from their school affects to them from being late, 5.26% have

health problem so that they late, 3.51% experiencing late because of financial

problem, 7.02% of the respondents are says that transportation problems are

the reasons why they came late, and lastly, 8.77% of the total respondents are

doing household chores before going to school.

Most of the respondents experiencing that being tardy affects their school

performance. They also missed an early announcement because of being late.

From 20 respondents, 13 or 65% of them are experiencing low grades because

of not passing on time their schoolwork/projects. The respondents also

experiencing the situation of interrupting the class discussion because they

came late. Out of 20 respondents, 12 or 60% of them are haven’t experienced

punishment due to being late and the rest or the 40% are experienced

punishment because of coming late in school.

Most of the respondents believe that waking up early, sleeping at night

early, and time management helps them keep away from being tardy. Almost

all the respondents are occasion intentionally going to school late. They also

have task to do before going to school. Out of 20 respondents, 3 or 15% are feel

tired at school, 2 or 10% are never feel tired and 15 or 75% or most of them are
occasionally tired in going at school. The respondents believe that the distance

of their school from their house affects from being late, were 13 out of the total

respondents says that they are occasionally affected, 4 are always, and 3 are

never. They also believe that taking a long time in waking up in the morning

are the reasons or cause of being late were 30% of them are always, 15% are

never and 55% are occasionally affected or have experienced.

Conclusion

Tardiness is a negative behavior that is being posses by students

specially in HUMSS 12. The most frequent reasons why the HUMSS 12

students be tardy is that they sleep late in evening and wake up late in the

morning, the distance of the school from their house also matters to them.

Some of the reasons also are because of health problems, transportation

problems, and doing household chores.

When the HUMSS 12 are tardy they experience the effects of their

tardiness such as their performance in school, thy also missed important

school announcement. In addition, some also experience the situation of

interrupting the class discussion when they go late to the school.

The result of the study shows how tardiness have a big impact to the

HUMSS 12 students. It also shows the most common reasons that arise in the

study is sleeping late and waking up late.

Recommendation

Overall the research were confident that the

problems were correspondingly answered with the
accurateness andreliability of informationat its best.
On the basis of different study, the researchers has
some recommendations which as following:

1. It would be a big help for those students who are

tardy to have their parents to take their
responsibilities fully guiding their son/duaughter
to practice the essence of punctuality.
2. The students should also should know their
responsibilities as a student and help themselves
to manage their time so that there wouldn’t be any
problem.
3. Punctuality is important as it influence the
academic performance of students so this
characteristics should be considered.