NANOTECHNOLOGY

SUBMITTED BY: - APARJOT KAUR

ROLL NO. :- UE191013
B.E. BIOTECH FIRST YEAR

Nanotechnology sometimes shorten to nanotech refers to a field of

applied sciences whose theme is the control of matter on an atomic
and molecular scale. Generally nanotech deals with structure 100nm or
smaller and involves developing material or devices within that size .

BASIC DEFININITION
Two of most promising technologies of future:
– Biotechnology: Use of living in the creation of wealth (products or
processes)
– Nanotechnology: creation, investigation and utilization of systems
that are 1000 times smaller than the components currently used in the
field of microelectronics.

• The interface of these two worlds lays Nano biotechnology

– It uses nanotechnology to analyze and create biological Nano systems
– It uses biological materials and structural plans to produce technical,
functional Nano systems

Nanotech is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular

scale. This covers both current and concepts that are more advanced. In
its original sense, ‘nanotechnology’ refers to the projected ability to
construct item from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being
developed today to make complete, high performance product.

“The science, engineering and technology related to the

understanding and control of matter at the length scale of approx. 1
to 100nm.

APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
 Textiles
 Medicine
 Energy storage
 Cosmetics and paint
 Electronics
 Agriculture and food
 Nanowires and carbon nanotubes
Nanowires are wires with a very small diameter, sometimes
as small as 1 nanometer. Scientists hope to use them to
build tiny transistor for computer chips and other electronic
devices.

Carbon nanotubes are a tubular form of carbon with diameter as

small as 1nm and length of over 130 microns.

 It exhibits extraordinary mechanical properties.

 Young’s modulus over 1Tpa.
 Tensile strength of approximately 200Gpa.

A carbon nanotube is a Nano-sized cylinder of carbon atoms.

Imagine a sheet of carbon atoms, which would look like a hexagon. If
you roll that sheet into a tube, you’d have a carbon nanotube.
 Properties of carbon nanotube depend on how you roll the sheet.
With right arrangement of atoms, you can create a carbon nanotube
that’s hundreds of times stronger than steel, but six times lighter.

Types of Nano materials

For the purpose of this article, most current nanomaterial could be
organized into four types:

•        Carbon Based Materials

•        Metal Based Materials

•        Dendrites

•        Composites

CARBON BASED NANO MATERIALS

Carbon-based nanomaterials include fullerenes, carbon nanotubes,

graphene and its derivatives, graphene oxide, nanodiamonds, and
carbon-based quantum dots. Due to their unique structural dimensions
and excellent mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical and chemical
properties, these materials have attracted significant interest in diverse
areas, including biomedical applications.

PROPERTIES
Carbon nanoparticles have extraordinary electrical conductivity, heat
conductivity, and mechanical properties. They are composed of pure
carbon, therefore, exhibiting high stability, good conductivity, low
toxicity, environmental friendliness.

APPLICATIONS
 1. Drug delivery
2. Energy storage
3. Bio imaging

NANOTECHNOLOGY IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
Innovations in medicines

 Developing new vaccines that are cheaper, safer and more

effective. The first of new vaccines is aimed at preventing
influenza.
 Researchers are working on various nanoparticles to help deliver
medications to the brain.
 Diagnosis and treatment of cancer-gold Nano shell.

NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY IN CANCER TREATMENT

Mechanism
Thermal ablation of cancer cells are assisted in by Nano shells
coated with metallic layer and an external energy source.

Early diagnosis

Detection of early biomarkers, genetic testing for individual

therapy selection.

Drug delivery
 Targeted drug delivery.
 Nanoparticles containing drugs are coated with targeting agent.
 The Nano particles circulate through the blood vessel and reach
the target cell. Drugs are released directly into the targeted cells.

ADVANTAGES OF NANO-BIOTECHNOLOGY
 Nanotechnology can actually revolutionize a lot of electronic
products, procedure and applications
 Nanotech can also benefit the energy sector
 Another industry that can be benefited from nanotechnology
is the manufacturing sector.
 In the medical world, nanotechnology is also seen as a boon
since these can help with creating what is called smart drugs.

DISADVANTAGES OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
 Its development is the possible loss of jobs in traditional
farming and manufacturing industry.
 Atomic weapons can now be accessible and made to be more
powerful and more destructive.
 Since these particles are very small problem can actually arise
from their inhalation.
 Presently, nanotechnology is very expensive and developing it
can cost a lot of money.